W波段回旋行波管放大器的模拟与设计

回旋行波管放大器是高功率毫米波雷达发射系统最重要的候选者.通过对回旋行波管放大器中的绝对不稳定性、回旋返波振荡以及电子注-波互作用的研究，讨论了回旋行波管的稳定性、寄生模式的抑制和工作参数的优化等问题，给出了W波段TE₀₁模回旋行波管放大器的模拟设计结果.PIC粒子模拟结果表明，在电子注电压100kV、电流10A、工作磁场3.52T时，94GHz的基波回旋行波管放大器可获得大于250kW的输出功率、40dB的增益、大于25％的效率和约5％的带宽. 关键词： W波段 回旋行波管放大器 模拟 设计     

Analysis of the harmonic gyrotron traveling wave amplifier

A single nonlinear differential equation is derived for describing the spatial evolution of the wave field in a gyrotron amplifier of the cylindrical guide geometry. This equation is then used to determine the efficiencies and the optimized interaction lengths for gyrotrons operated with TE_N1 modes at the N-th cyclotron harmonic.     

回旋行波放大器输出端反射对其稳定性的影响

 基于回旋行波放大器的线性理论和反射边界条件,建立了渐变输出端存在反射时回旋行波放大器模型,分析了TE₀₁圆电模基波回旋行波放大器输出端反射对其增益、返波起振长度、返波起振电流和返波起振频率的影响。结果表明,随着反射增强,线性增益降低,返波起振长度和起振电流减小,返波起振频率的变化较小;反射增强将在一定程度内影响放大器的稳定性。     

W波段二次谐波回旋行波管放大器的模拟与设计

回旋行波管放大器是一种具有高功率、高频率、宽带宽的毫米波放大器，TE₀₂模二次谐波回旋行波管放大器在保持基波回旋行波管放大器的基础上极大地减小了工作磁场,从而具有广阔的应用前景. 利用两段分布式损耗的互作用结构，有效抑制了绝对不稳定性和回旋返波振荡,避免了模式互作用电路引起的模式畸变，提高了输出功率，在一定程度上克服了谐波互作用较弱的缺点，满足了扩展功率容量和放大器长时间稳定工作的要求. 非线性模拟结果和粒子模型(particle in cell)模拟结果均表明，在工作电压为100k 关键词： W波段 二次谐波 回旋行波管放大器     

Gyrotron traveling wave amplifier with out-ridged waveguide

The out-ridged waveguide is proposed for the use of gyrotrons operating at higher harmonics of electron gyrofrequency. Eigenvalues and the associated field components of the out-ridged waveguide are obtained with Ritz-Galerkin method. The prominent advantages of the out-ridged waveguide over the existing waveguide structures used in gyrotrons include the simplicity in manufacture, freedom from local modes, good separation of lower order modes, high power handling ability, and good beam-field coupling at higher harmonics of the electron gyrofrequency. Gain-frequency functional curves of the gyrotron traveling wave amplifiers with the out-ridged waveguide and some other waveguide structures are computed numerically by employing the general analytical results developed in [15].     

8mm基波回旋行波管放大器的设计

对8 mm基波回旋行波管放大器进行了研究。通过稳定性分析,选定了放大器的工作参数。利用PIC粒子模拟程序对放大器中的电子注-波互作用过程进行了详细的分析和讨论,获得了回旋行波管稳定工作的物理图像,完成了8 mm基波回旋行波管放大器高频系统的初步设计。模拟结果表明,在优化设计条件下,放大器可以获得大于450 kW的输出功率5、0 dB增益、22.5%的效率和大约5%的3 dB带宽。     

Acoustical wave propagator

In this paper, an explicit acoustical wave propagator (AWP) is introduced to describe the time-domain evolution of acoustical waves. To implement its operation on an initial state of wave motion, the acoustical wave propagator is approximated as a Chebyshev polynomial expansion, which converges to machine accuracy. The spatial gradient in each polynomial term is evaluated by a Fourier transformation scheme. Analysis and numerical examples demonstrated that this Chebyshev-Fourier scheme is highly accurate and computational effective in predicting time-domain acoustical wave propagation and scattering.     

All- optical phase encoded 4-to-1 phase multiplexer using four wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifier

Optics has already showed its potency over its electronic complements in case of superfast computing and communication systems. Semiconductor optical amplifier, (SOA) with its several nonlinear properties, plays a very crucial role in the development of high-speed all-optical processor. Multiplexer and demultiplexer are the extremely important element of the processor which takes part in utilizing different actions like encoding, decoding, routing, and the different process of data conversion and generation, etc. In this paper, the authors have proposed a scheme of phase encoded all-optical phase multiplexer using four wave mixing (FWM) property of semiconductor optical amplifier. Thus, the improved tolerance against fiber-nonlinearity and higher receiver sensitivity of phase encoding method with the fast occurring processes like FWM in SOA offers higher speed in this proposed scheme of multiplexing.     

亚毫米波大功率脉冲探测器的初步研制

初步研制了一种用于300~400GHz频段的亚毫米波大功率脉冲探测器。基于强电场下的热电子效应,将n型硅探测芯片置入波导WR10的宽边,构成了探测器的过模探测模块。采用光刻和电镀工艺完成了探测芯片的加工,实现了很好的欧姆接触和尺寸精度。对集成的探测器样机进行了亚毫米波大功率脉冲测试和电压驻波比测量。结果表明:探测器样机的响应时间快达ps量级,相对灵敏度约为0.46kW-1,电压驻波比小于2.4,最大承受功率不小于数十W,与模拟结果符合得较好,满足亚毫米波大功率脉冲的直接探测需求。     

Arresting wave collapse by wave self-rectification

We put forward a mechanism for tailoring, and even arresting, the collapse of wave packets in nonlinear media, whose dynamics is governed by nonlocal two-dimensional nonlinear Schr?dinger-like equations. The key ingredient of the scheme is the self-generation of nonlocal nonlinearities mediated by wave rectification.     

Phase conjugation by four wave mixing in an ArF excimer amplifier

Phase conjugation at 193 nm has been observed by degenerate four wave mixing (DFWM) in an excimer ArF amplifier. An average reflectivity of 10% has been determined for a 5 cm interaction length together with pulse shortening and oscillation.     

Local stimulation of cultured myocyte cells by femtosecond laser-induced stress wave

When an 800 nm femtosecond laser is tightly focused into cell culture medium a stress wave is generated at the laser focal point. Since the stress wave localizes in a few tens of μm, it is possible to locally stimulate single cells in vitro. In this work, several kinds of cultured mammalian cells, HeLa, PC12, P19CL6, and C2C12, were stimulated by the stress wave and the cell growth after the stress loading with the laser irradiation was investigated. In comparison with the control conditions, cell growth after the laser irradiation was enhanced for the cells of C2C12 and P19CL6, which can differentiate into myocytes, and suppressed for PC12 and HeLa cell lines. These results suggest a possibility of cell growth enhancement due to myogenic cells response to the femtosecond laser-induced stress.     

Surface tension measurement of liquid metal with inelastic light-scattering spectroscopy of a thermally excited capillary wave

Thermally excited capillary waves propagate everywhere on a liquid surface. The relationship between the frequency and wavelength of the capillary wave reflects the surface tension of the liquid, and the lifetime of the capillary wave reflects the shear viscosity of the liquid. By observing a capillary wave with inelastic light-scattering spectroscopy, we can obtain the surface tension and the viscosity from the frequency modulation of the light and the spectral width of the scattered light. In this study, we observed capillary waves on liquid metal using high-resolution spectroscopy, and successfully measured their properties in a non-contact manner. In the experiment, values were obtained at a frequency of about 20 kHz. The values were equivalent to those at 0 Hz, since the properties of liquid metals are constant at least in the frequency region from 0 to several tens of kilohertz.     

Large-amplitude plasma wave generation with a high-intensity short-pulse beat wave

A short-pulse laser beat wave scheme for advanced particle accelerator applications is examined. A short, intense (3-ps, >10(18)-W cm(-2)) two-frequency laser pulse is produced by use of a modified chirped-pulse amplification scheme and is shown to produce relativistic plasma waves during interactions with low-density plasmas. The generation of plasma waves was observed by measurement of forward Raman scattering. Resonance was found to occur at an electron density many times that expected, owing to ponderomotive displacement of plasma within the focal region.     

Acoustical wave propagator for time-domain flexural waves in thin plates

In this paper, an explicit acoustical wave propagator technique is introduced to describe the time-domain evolution of acoustical waves in two-dimensional plates. A combined scheme with Chebyshev polynomial expansion and fast Fourier transformation is used to implement the operation of the acoustical wave propagator. Through this operation, the initial wave packet at t = 0 is mapped into the wave packet at any instant t > 0. By comparison of the results of the exact analytical solution and the Euler numerical method, we find that this new Chebyshev-Fourier scheme is highly accurate and computationally effective in predicting the acoustical wave propagation in thin plates. This method offers an opportunity for future study of dynamic stress concentration and time-domain energy flow in coupled structures.     

Gyrotron travelling wave amplifier: I. Analysis of oscillations

The operation of the gyrotron travelling wave amplifier is based on the convective cyclotron maser instability. It is found that this convective instability may become absolute (nonconvective) at a sufficiently high current level, resulting in oscillation instead of amplification. This threshold current for the transition depends sensitively on the applied magnetic field. The axial wavelength and the characteristic frequency of oscillation at the onset of absolute instability are given. It is found that momentum spread has virtually no effect on the threshold current. A small amount of resistive wall loss, however, raises the threshold current significantly. Oscillations due to partial reflection at the ends of the system are also examined. Preliminary experimental results on both types of oscillations are reported and are found to be in good agreement with the theory.     

Modulated interference of reflected light from a liquid surface wave at tens Hertz frequencies

An analytic intensity expression of the reflected light from a liquid surface with acoustic wave at a few tens Hertz was derived. The expression displays a distinct modulated oscillation. Meanwhile high visibility and modulated interference fringes were obtained experimentally. Line scans across the reflection patterns indicate that the theory predication is well consistent with the experimental data. Moreover, a practical technique can be developed, based on this study, to determine the wavelength and amplitude of the SAW at these frequencies as well as the dynamic surface tension.     

Fabrication of defocus graded-index optical waveguide for evanescent wave optical amplifier

This is the first report on an evanescent wave optical amplifier with a plastic waveguide that can amplify a CW signal transmitted by a plastic optical fiber. The waveguide with a concave refractive index distribution was fabricated by an interfacial-gel polymerization technique. Since the waveguide increases the number of reflections at the boundary surface of the waveguide and the laser dye solution, the enhancement of amplification efficiency can be realized. The function of the fabricated waveguide was confirmed by calculations and experiments. The obtained results indicate that the fabricated fiber generated a larger evanescent field than the waveguide without a refractive index distribution.     

Reflection of thermal atoms by a pulsed standing wave

Reflection of thermal atoms by a pulsed standing wave with a duration in the nanosecond range is studied. The momentum distribution of the reflected atoms is determined by calculations based on the adiabatic atom-photon interactions. It is shown that with a proper choice of the field intensity and the pulse duration the standing-wave pattern functions as a row of independent atom mirrors. At an optimum choice of the parameter values, the fraction of the elastically reflected atoms is more than 20%. Furthermore, we show that the pulsed standing-wave mirror can be used to manipulate their final momentum distribution. When using laser pulses with an intensity of several tens of MW/cm², tens of thousands of atoms can be reflected by a single laser pulse. Received 3 December 1999 and Received in final form 25 April 2000     

Explicit spheroidal wave functions of the hydrogen atom

A simple and straightforward calculating scheme is suggested for finding wave functions of the hydrogen atom in prolate spheroidal coordinates. The wave functions are found in an explicit form by the direct solution of appropriate one-dimensional equations. The suggested calculating scheme allows us to carry out simple calculations and to obtain spheroidal wave functions in principle for arbitrary eigenstates of the hydrogen atom. Expansions are found for the obtained spheroidal wave functions over a spherical basis.