简讯

2002年9月,华中光电技术研究所研制的轻型光电-导弹一体化防空系统在陆上实弹射击实验中成功击中多个目标,标志着该所成熟的光电探测设备可用于直接指挥导弹发射。 该系统是华中光电技术研究所自行研制开发的我国首套轻型舰载光电-导弹一体化防空武器系统,由红外成像跟踪、激光测距、火控解算及便携式导弹等组成,可自动搜索、捕获、锁定目标并实施导弹攻击。作为一个不依赖其它系统的独立武器单元,可满足水面舰艇、战车与陆地要塞防空作战需求。     

双目视觉-激光测距传感器目标跟踪系统

针对视觉传感器在目标跟踪定位过程中,沿光轴方向量测精度较低的问题,提出了使用一维点激光测距传感器进行修正的方法。同时,为了充分发挥双目视觉传感器和激光测距传感器在目标跟踪方面的优势,利用信息融合技术来提高信息的利用率和测量的精度。在系统量测过程中,由于激光测距传感器受到二维转台机械性能影响,导致测距值成为时滞信息,提出了时滞信息直接更新算法将常时滞信息的估计值作为当前时刻量的量测值带入后续算法中,从而解决时滞问题;随后利用联邦卡尔曼滤波算法解决了双目视觉传感器和激光测距传感器之间的估计相关问题。仿真结果表明,经过直接更新算法后时滞信息的实时性得到提高,实验同时验证了该算法的有效性,提高了目标跟踪系统的量测精度,改善了双目视觉传感器及激光测距传感器本身带来的精度和实时性方面的不足。     

光电跟踪仪光轴平行性要求分析和误差分配

光电跟踪仪光轴平行性要求与跟踪瞄准精度、激光测距传感器照射激光光束发散角、激光回波接收系统探测视场有关，尤其是对于小目标，还与激光测距作用距离和探测概率有关。从光电跟踪仪激光测距原理和指标要求出发，分析照射光束能量分布特点，考虑温度、振动等环境因素和变调焦引起的光轴稳定性误差，提出了光电跟踪仪光轴平行性要求的计算方法。同时根据工程实践考虑光电传感器原位更换和现场标校的维修性，建立了光轴平行性误差分配模型，讨论了各随机误差项、各标校残余误差项的一般控制要求和估计方法，为光电跟踪仪设计分析、制造工艺、维修性改进提供参考。     

激光核聚变诊断设备双光束交汇瞄准技术研究

 针对惯性约束激光核聚变诊断设备的精确安装瞄准问题,提出一种新的基于双光束交汇瞄准系统。瞄准指示光学系统采用里斯特显微物镜结构,物像距为180mm,放大倍率为10倍,数值孔径为0.25。机械结构设计采用二维指向可调、沿瞄准指示光学系统光轴可以移动的三维调整机构。系统整体占用空间锥角为28°,小于设计要求极限30°。分析了系统的瞄准误差,结果表明该系统的瞄准精度可达到25μm。该系统瞄准精度有望在激光核聚变靶室得到广泛应用。     

神光Ⅲ装置用搭载平台高准确度自动瞄准方法

为了实现搭载平台对打靶目标的高准确度定位瞄准,提出了一种基于视觉伺服的瞄准方法.定义视觉系统中的脱靶量与投影矩阵,并用投影矩阵计算脱靶量,使得计算值接近于真值;再使用三自由度混联机构运动模型,提高姿态调节准确度;最后,通过投影矩阵与运动模型优化视觉伺服策略,使得整个瞄准过程得到很大简化,不需较准视觉系统即可进行自动瞄准.将搭载平台安装到神光装置上进行自动瞄准准确度检测,得到其瞄准准确度为:X方向11μm,Y方向12μm,Z方向14μm.搭载条纹相机进行激光打靶考核验证,得到了物理实验过程的完整数据,表明该瞄准方法满足工程使用要求.     

大气环境下基于目标照明回光的视轴误差校正实验研究

理论分析了激光瞄准系统中视轴误差与目标照明回光的关系. 介绍了同时具备激光束发射与瞄准偏差校正功能的自适应光学器件––自适应光纤准直器的原理. 搭建了光束经200 m水平大气传输的激光瞄准实验平台. 基于二维目标和三维目标的照明回光, 利用随机并行梯度下降算法分别实现了不同初始视轴误差下的瞄准闭环校正. 实验结果表明, 闭环后二维目标和三维目标的视轴校正残差评价参数分别小于6%和10.8%, 校正精度均在理论范围内. 最后, 分析了算法参数对动目标瞄准的影响.     

基于姿态测量的光电桅杆侦察方法

描述了一种用于桅杆式光电系统的侦察定位方法,采用单一陀螺和双轴倾角传感器组合,替代三轴正交的陀螺仪,对光电设备进行姿态测量;结合惯性导航设备获得的大地北向、激光测距机获得的目标相对距离、卫星定位设备获得的本地坐标,通过坐标系转换,能够准确获得目标的大地坐标。试验结果表明:通过该方法获得的系统定向精度达到0.3 mil,目标的定位精度优于10 m(CEP)。     

公共诊断搭载平台双CCD交汇瞄准系统

 CCD交汇测量作为一种非接触式坐标测量技术,在对空间目标进行坐标定位的应用中显示出其独特的优越性。建立公共诊断搭载平台双CCD交汇瞄准系统模型,设计了瞄准成像系统和瞄准调节系统,其中瞄准光学系统物高8 mm,物方分辨率8.3 μm,在61 lp/mm时MTF高于0.5,瞄准调节系统采用双脚万向节机构,完成系统二维指向的调节,通过对采集视频图像的处理,为搭载的诊断设备提供精确的指向。误差分析结果表明：该系统的瞄准精度可以达到16 μm,可安装在公共诊断搭载平台前端。     

导弹末区轨迹的单站定位测量

通过对导弹末区轨迹单站定位测量方法所采用的位置测量方程和速度加速度测量方程的推导,介绍了导弹末区轨迹的单站定位测量原理。系统误差分析结果表明,影响导弹末区轨迹测量精度的主要因素是测量设备的方位角和俯仰角测量误差,而不是通常认为的激光测距误差。通过单站定位测量法与多站交会测量法之间的性能比较,论述了单站定位测量法的技术优势。     

基于立方体分光棱镜的干涉投影傅里叶变换轮廓术

提出了一种基于立方体分光棱镜的干涉投影傅里叶变换轮廓术。基于杨氏双缝干涉原理,对立方体分光棱镜的干涉投影理论进行理论分析和仿真实验,通过调节立方体分光棱镜的安装角度可实现干涉投影条纹周期的任意调节,结果证实了该干涉投影系统的可行性以及灵活性。对小脚丫模型进行了三维面形重构,结果表明:干涉条纹相位稳定且强度分布均匀,利用所提方法可以很好地恢复物体的三维形貌。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.