Determination of antioxidant activity of natural products based on the spectroscopic absorbance of Ce(Ⅳ)

基于在H2SO4,Na2SO4介质中稳定存在的Ce(Ⅳ)的还原,在320 nm时,采用紫外可见分光光度计测定Ce(Ⅳ)吸光度,建立还原率与样品浓度的剂量关系,以线性关系的斜率为主要评价指标,评价样品的抗氧化活性.结果表明:针对5种结构相近的黄酮化合物,抗氧化活性顺序为:槲皮素＞山奈酚＞木犀草素＞芹菜素＞黄芩素;针对中药植物湖北旋覆花,抱石莲和吉祥草的提取物,正丁醇、乙酸乙酯部位是抗氧化活性成分的主体部位,但在旋覆花和抱石莲中,正丁醇部位抗氧化活性更强,而在吉祥草中,乙酸乙酯部位明显强于正丁醇部位;此外,不同提取方法得到的提取物抗氧化活性不同,低温回流和超声提取均可提高效率,但超声提取的时间应该控制在30 min以内.本评价方法操作简单,结果稳定可靠,检测限低,适合于天然产物抗氧化活性植物及活性部位的快速筛选.     

芜菁籽不同溶剂提取物体外抗氧化活性研究

通过体外试验初步研究芜菁籽提取物的抗氧化活性。用95%乙醇为溶剂提取芜菁籽,采用有机溶剂萃取法将提取物分为石油醚相,乙酸乙酯相,正丁醇相和水相等4个不同极性部位、同时测定了各相提取物对羟自由基,超氧阴离子自由基,DPPH自由基的清除能力,并与合成抗氧化剂BHT进行对照。结果表明,芜菁籽提取物的不同极性部位均有抗氧化活性,其抗氧化效果随着浓度的增加而增强,乙酸乙酯相和正丁醇相的还原能力及清除O-2.,DPPH和.OH的能力均强于水相和石油醚相,乙酸乙酯相和正丁醇相的抗氧化作用强,是天然抗氧化剂的良好来源,应对其进一步分离纯化。     

甘松不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性研究

采用DPPH、ABTS、羟自由基、超氧阴离子和还原力五种体外抗氧化测定方法对甘松95%乙醇提取物以及石油醚萃取物,乙酸乙酯萃取物,正丁醇萃取物和水萃取物等4个不同极性部位的抗氧化活性进行评价,同时分析抗氧化活性与其总多酚和总黄酮含量的相关性。研究结果表明,除水和石油醚萃取物外,甘松其他3个萃取物均表现出一定的抗氧化活性,且与总多酚和总黄酮含量呈显著相关。其中,乙酸乙酯萃取物中总黄酮和总多酚含量最高,分别为(157.22±1.89)mg·g-1和(99.43±1.23)mg·g-1,其清除DPPH、ABTS、超氧阴离子和羟自由基的IC50分别为(0.20±0.02)mg·mL-1、(0.15±0.01)mg·mL-1、(0.29±0.02)mg·mL-1和(0.35±0.02)mg·mL-1。甘松的乙酸乙酯萃取物具有显著的抗氧化活性,可以成为天然抗氧化活性化合物的良好来源。     

DPPH法测定人参四君子汤与党参四君子汤及其不同组分清除自由基的能力

应用DPPH法对"四君子汤"人参方与党参方进行清除自由基活性实验;并对二者进行石油醚层、乙酸乙酯层、正丁醇层以及水层有效部位提取从而确定各有效部位层清除[DPPH·]的能力.结果显示党参方和人参方"四君子汤"在清除自由基能力上存在较大的差异,党参方"四君子汤"清除自由基能力优于人参方;二者在其水煎液中起到主要抗氧化作用的物质都集中在乙酸乙酯层中,值得进一步研究.     

虎耳草活性成分的提取及功效评价

对虎耳草全草中总黄酮物质进行有效提取,并将蒸发浓缩后的虎耳草提取液分别进行了体外抗氧化、抗炎、抑菌性能以及美白功效等研究。结果表明,虎耳草提取液在较高浓度时的抗氧化功效与维生素C相当;具有良好的抑制炎症性能,其乙酸乙酯萃取物消炎性能更优;虎耳草提取物能够抑制常见的普通细菌的生长,其正丁醇萃取物抑菌性能最佳;在美白功效测试实验中提取液浓度为4000μg/mL时对酪氨酸酶活性的抑制率为79.25%。     

蒲公英黄酮抗氧化活性的构效关系分析

蒲公英作为传统的中药材,具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗炎等多种药用价值。黄酮是蒲公英发挥抗氧化作用的重要活性成分。蒲公英黄酮抗氧化性能的实验研究备受关注,然而从分子水平对蒲公英黄酮结构与抗氧化活性之间的内在关系缺乏系统的研究。本文借助于密度泛函理论,针对蒲公英中5种重要的黄酮化合物(槲皮素、芦丁、木犀草素、芹菜素、香叶木素),通过优化结构参数、捕获DPPH自由基的热力学能量分析,NBO电荷分布、半醌自由基的自旋密度分析等方面深入探讨了蒲公英黄酮化合物抗氧化活性的构效关系及内在规律。结果表明：5种蒲公英黄酮化合物抗氧化活性为芦丁>槲皮素>木犀草素>>香叶木素>芹菜素,酚羟基的位置是影响蒲公英黄酮抗氧化活性差异的主要因素。蒲公英黄酮不同位点抗氧化活性的高低与其酚羟基上H原子的电荷分布、黄酮自由基的稳定性成正比关系,自由基单电子的离域程度和分子内氢键的稳定化作用共同决定了B环4’-OH是蒲公英黄酮的关键活性位点。     

矮垂头菊不同极性溶剂萃取物的抗氧化活性研究

为了研究矮垂头菊植物的抗氧化活性,本文采用DPPH自由基清除法、ABTS自由基清除法、羟基自由基清除法、超氧自由基清除法、一氧化氮自由基清除法和铁还原/抗氧化能力(FRAP)测定法六种抗氧化对矮垂头菊粗提物(CE)、正己烷相(HE)、乙酸乙酯相(EAE)、正丁醇相(BE)、水相(WE)等5个不同极性溶剂萃取物的抗氧化活性进行评价,并探讨抗氧化活性与总酚和总黄酮含量之间的关系。结果显示矮垂头菊不同极性溶剂的萃取物均有抗氧化活性,且抗氧化活性与总黄酮和总酚含量密切相关,其中BE中总黄酮含量最高可达588.02±10.18 mg芦丁/g,总酚含量最高可达568.49±8.14 mg没食子酸/g,且自由基清除能力和FRAP值均高于其它组分,但HE中总黄酮和总酚含量及抗氧化活性均较低。结果表明矮垂头菊EAE萃取物和BE萃取物具有很强的自由基清除能力,可作为潜在的天然抗氧化剂开发。     

猫须草多酚的提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性

研究猫须草多酚的提取工艺及其抗氧化活性。通过单因素试验探讨提取剂、乙醇体积分数、料液比、提取温度、提取时间、提取次数等因素对猫须草多酚提取率的影响,在单因素试验的基础上进行正交试验,结果表明,猫须草多酚的最佳提取工艺条件如下:10%乙醇,料液比1∶30,提取温度90℃,提取时间40min,在该条件下猫须草多酚的提取率为11.99mg·g-1。通过测定猫须草多酚清除DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、亚硝酸根离子的能力及其还原力,对猫须草多酚的抗氧化活性进行评价,结果表明,在一定质量浓度范围内,猫须草多酚清除DPPH自由基的能力及还原力优于Vc,清除超氧阴离子自由基的能力与Vc接近,但清除亚硝酸根离子的能力低于Vc。     

木犀草素检测方法研究进展

黄酮类化合物木犀草素广泛存在于自然界许多植物中,具有多种生物活性和药理作用,能够抗氧化、抗病毒及抗肿瘤等,其天然提取物已用于临床.本文综述了木犀草素的基本结构、药理活性,总结了目前已有的检测方法高效液相色谱法(HPLC)、紫外分光光度法(UV)、毛细管电泳法(HPCE)等,并重点阐述了方便快捷的电化学分析法(EA),以...     

黄香楝树皮提取物的多酚含量及抗氧化研究

本文采用甲醇、乙醇、乙酸乙酯和水4种溶剂提取黄香楝树皮中的活性成分,Folin-Ciocalteu法测定提取物中的总酚含量,甲醇、乙醇提取物中酚类活性成分含量较高,总酚含量分别为58.59、50.47mg·g-1。采用DPPH自由基清除法、邻二氮菲-Fe2+氧化法、过氧化氢清除法、还原力法、磷钼络合物法等5种抗氧化性测定方法研究提取物的抗氧化活性,乙醇提取物浓度为1.0mg·mL-1时,对DPPH、·OH、H2O2的清除率均大于90%,对DPPH、·OH、H2O2的IC50值分别为234.2、555.2、60.1μg·mL-1。     

Antioxidant activity of papaya seed extracts

The antioxidant activities of the ethanol, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water extract fractions from the seeds of papaya were evaluated in this study. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the strongest DPPH and hydroxyl free radical-scavenging activities, and its activities were stronger than those of ascorbic acid and sodium benzoate, respectively. The n-butanol fraction demonstrated the greatest ABTS? radicals scavenging activity. The ethyl acetate fraction and the n-butanol fraction not only showed higher antioxidant activities than the petroleum ether fraction, water fraction and ethanol fraction, but also showed higher superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide radicals scavenging activities than those of the other extract fractions. The high amount of total phenolics and total flavonoids in the ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions contributed to their antioxidant activities. The ethyl acetate fraction was subjected to column chromatography, to yield two phenolic compounds, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and vanillic acid, which possessed significant antioxidant activities. Therefore, the seeds of papaya and these compounds might be used as natural antioxidants.     

Antioxidant compounds from propolis collected in Anhui, China

The antioxidant activities of the chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol extract fractions from propolis collected in Anhui, China were evaluated in this study. The ethyl acetate fraction contained the highest amount of total phenolics and total flavonoids, and showed the greatest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging capacities and Ferric Reducing/Antioxidant Power (FRAP). The antioxidant activity of twenty-two compounds isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction was also evaluated using the above-mentioned three assays. The results indicated that phenolics contributed to the antioxidant activity of propolis collected in Anhui, China. Therefore, propolis collected in Anhui, China and its phenolics might be used as a natural antioxidant.     

Antioxidant, xanthine oxidase and lipoxygenase inhibitory activities and phenolics of Bauhinia rufescens Lam. (Caesalpiniaceae)

An aqueous acetone extract of the stem with the leaves of Bauhinia rufescens and its fractions were analysed for their antioxidant and enzyme-inhibitory activities, as well as their phytochemical composition. For measurement of the antioxidant activities, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzoline-6-sulphonate) and the ferric-reducing methods were used. The results indicated that the aqueous acetone, its ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions possessed considerable antioxidant activity. Further, the xanthine oxidase and lipoxygenase inhibitory assays showed that the n-butanol fraction possessed compounds that can inhibit both these enzymes. In the phytochemical analysis, the ethyl acetate and the n-butanol fractions of the aqueous acetone extract were screened by HPLC-MS for their phenolic content. The results indicated the presence of hyperoside, isoquercitrin, rutin quercetin, quercitrin, p-coumaric and ferulic acids in the non-hydrolysed fractions. In the hydrolysed fractions, kaempferol, p-coumaric and ferulic acids were identified.     

高效液相色谱-质谱分析指导下制备黄芩中系列黄酮成分对照品

在高效液相色谱-质谱分析指导下,针对性地分离制备了黄芩药材中系列黄酮成分对照品。首先对黄芩药材乙醇提取物进行液相色谱-质谱分析,获得各色谱峰的保留时间、紫外光谱和质谱特征。经波谱数据解析结合文献对比,鉴定了黄芩药材中的19种黄酮类成分。然后根据液相色谱-质谱分析结果和文献,设计了目标成分对照品的制备流程,采用低压制备柱色谱法依次制备了黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷、黄芩素、汉黄芩素和千层纸素A共5种黄酮类成分的对照品。结果表明这5种黄酮类成分对照品的纯度均大于98%。该方法可用于针对性地快速分离制备中药中的化学成分。     

Antioxidant, anti-lipoxygenase and cytotoxic activity of Leptadenia pyrotechnica (Forssk.) decne polyphenolic constituents

Leptadenia pyrotechnica Forssk is a traditional medicinal herb used for treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancer. In this research, the aqueous ethanolic crude extract of Leptadenia pyrotechnica aerial parts, along with its ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water partitioning fractions were evaluated for their antioxidant capacity, polyphenolic content, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. The total antioxidant capacity was estimated by the FRAP, DPPH, ABTS and β-carotene bleaching assays.The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest polyphenolic content (252.27 mg gallic acid/g) and the best antioxidant activity (1.2, 0.57, 0.45 mmol ascorbic acid equivalent/g in the FRAP, ABTS and DPPH assays, respectively). Furthermore, the same extract showed appreciable anti-inflammatory via lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitory activity (IC?? = 1.41 μg/mL). Moreover, the ethyl acetate fraction also showed the strongest cytotoxic effect (IC?? = 43.16 μg/mL) against MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. These results suggest that this plant may be considered an interesting source of compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties for therapeutic, nutraceutical and functional food applications.     

Control of charcoal rot fungus Macrophomina phaseolina by extracts of Datura metel

Methanolic leaf and fruit extracts of Datura metel were found highly effective in suppressing against Macrophomina phaseolina, the cause of charcoal rot disease. These extracts were further subjected to successive fractionation with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. All the concentrations (3.125-200?mg?mL?1) of chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of leaf extract, and n-hexane fraction of fruit extract completely inhibited the target fungal growth. Two compounds A and B from the n-hexane fraction of fruit extract and compound C from n-butanol fraction of leaf extract were obtained by TLC. Compound B exhibited the best antifungal activity with an MIC value of 7.81?μg?mL?1 that was at par with that of commercial fungicide mancozeb (80% w/w). This study concludes that M. phaseolina can be effectively controlled by natural antifungal compounds in n-hexane fraction of methanolic fruit extract of D. metel.     

Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of Syzygium cumini leaves

The antioxidant activity of Syzygium cumini leaf extracts was investigated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical-scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The methanolic extract and its four water, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and n-hexane fractions were prepared and subjected to antioxidant evaluation. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction had stronger antioxidant activity than the other ones. HPLC data indicated that S. cumini leaf extracts contained phenolic compounds, such as ferulic acid and catechin, responsible for their antioxidant activity. A significant linear relationship between antioxidant potency, free radical-scavenging ability and the content of phenolic compounds of leaf extracts supported this observation.     

Profiling of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of dry extracts from the selected Sorbus species

The antioxidant efficiency of dry extracts from inflorescences and/or leaves of seven Sorbus species was studied using four in vitro tests of SET (single electron transfer) and HAT-type (hydrogen atom transfer) mechanisms. The 70% methanol extracts and its diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water fractions were tested in parallel with the phenolic standards, e.g., caffeic acid, quercetin, BHA, BHT, and Trolox. The SET-type activity of the extracts depended primarily on the extraction solvent. The most valuable extracts were n-butanol and ethyl acetate ones, which activity was high in the DPPH (EC(50) = 3.2-5.2 μg/mL), TEAC (2.8-4.0 mmol Trolox/g), and FRAP (9.8-13.7 mmol Fe2+/g) tests, and strongly correlated with the total phenolic levels (39.6-58.2% of gallic acid equivalents). The HPLC-PDA analysis of the extracts led to the identification of chlorogenic acid, isoquercitrin, hyperoside, rutin, quercetin 3-O-sophoroside, and sexangularetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside as the main components. Apart from flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids, proanthocyanidins have also a significant impact on the SET-type activity. The HAT-reactivity of the extracts in the linoleic acid peroxidation test (IC(50) = 36.9-228.3 μg/mL) depended more strongly on the plant tissue than on the extraction solvent, and its correlation with the phenolic content was weak. Both SET and HAT-type activity of the most potent Sorbus extracts was comparable with the activity of the standards, indicating their great potential as effective sources for health products.     

Isolation and identification of radical scavengers in olive tree (Olea europaea) wood

Several extracts of Olea europaea wood (Picual olive cultivar) were obtained with solvents of different polarity and their antioxidant activities determined. The active compounds were detected in fractions of an ethyl acetate extract using HPLC with on-line radical scavenging detection. After applying different separation techniques, hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, cycloolivil, 7-deoxyloganic acid, oleuropein and ligustroside were isolated and characterized. Hydroxytyrosol showed a higher activity than the natural antioxidant rosmarinic acid in scavenging the DPPH model radical. Cycloolivil and oleuropein showed stronger activities than the synthetic antioxidant BHT against the same radical. Ligustroside, tyrosol and 7-deoxyloganic acid showed little activity. The latter compound has not been previously identified in the genus Olea.     

Antioxidant phenolic compounds of cassava (Manihot esculenta) from Hainan

An activity-directed fractionation and purification process was used to isolate antioxidant components from cassava stems produced in Hainan. The ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions showed greater DPPH˙and ABTS?+ scavenging activities than other fractions. The ethyl acetate fraction was subjected to column chromatography, to yield ten phenolic compounds: Coniferaldehyde (1), isovanillin (2), 6-deoxyjacareubin (3), scopoletin (4), syringaldehyde (5), pinoresinol (6), p-coumaric acid (7), ficusol (8), balanophonin (9) and ethamivan (10), which possess significant antioxidant activities. The relative order of DPPH? scavenging capacity for these compounds was ascorbic acid (reference) > 6 > 1 > 8 > 10 > 9 > 3 > 4 > 7 > 5 > 2, and that of ABTS?+ scavenging capacity was 5 > 7 > 1 > 10 > 4 > 6 > 8 > 2 > Trolox (reference compound) > 3 > 9. The results showed that these phenolic compounds contributed to the antioxidant activity of cassava.