铕原子奇宇称高激发态共振电离光谱的研究

采用光电离探测和自电离探测这两种不同的探测方法对铕原子的高激发态光谱进行了详细研究.一方面,采用光电离探测技术,系统测量了在第一电离限之下处于43927—45010 cm^-1能域内的奇宇称能级的光谱.通过光谱定标和误差估算等分析手段,获得了32个共振跃迁峰的位置和强度等光谱信息.并根据所用的激发路线和相关的选择定则等原理,进而确定了这些能级的总角动量. 通过与相关文献资料的对比和分析,研究发现了12个新能级.另一方面,精心设计了一种能够有效识别不同类型高激发态的鉴别方法.对同一能域中 关键词： Eu原子光谱 奇宇称高激发态 孤立实激发（ICE） 自电离探测     

用双光子电离探测技术研究奇宇称的Eu原子光谱（英文）

利用双光子电离探测技术系统地研究了Eu原子的奇宇称态的光谱。双光子电离探测技术利用两步激发获得Eu原子奇宇称态的光谱:首先将第一步激光的波长固定,而最后一步激光的波长在35 500～35 650cm~(-1),36 200～36 600 cm~(-1)和46 650～46 950 cm~(-1)三个能域范围扫描,对处于奇宇称激发态的Eu原子进行双光子电离,以实现探测其光谱信息的目的。本文系统地研究了35 500～35 650 cm~(-1),36 200～36 600 cm~(-1)和46 650～46 950 cm~(-1)能域内的光谱特征,报道了这些能域内具有特殊寿命的高激发态。通过对采用3种不同的激发路径获得的高激发态的光谱进行拟合,不仅获得了这些高激发态能级位置、线宽和线型的信息,而且还观察到奇宇称态光谱中的q反转现象。此外,通过分析所获得的3张奇宇称态的光谱,首次证明了4f壳层的电子被激发的可能性,该结果为检测新量子理论提供了可靠的实验依据。     

Sm原子的偶宇称高激发态的光谱研究

采用双色三步激发和光电离过程,对Sm原子的偶宇称高激发态的光谱进行了研究.先采用两条激发路线分别将Sm原子两步共振激发至待测的高激发态,然后利用光电离技术对其进行探测.分别将第一束激光的波长固定在627.50nm和624.41nm上,以便将Sm原子从亚稳态共振激发到由4f⁶6s6p电子组态所构成的两个原子状态上.第二束激光在440-700nm的波段范围内扫描,不仅使Sm原子在30040-38065cm^-1能域内的偶宇称高激发态上布居,将其进一步光电离,测量了其光谱.通过光谱定标和选择定则等分析手段,本工作不仅精确获得了136个态的能级位置,而且也唯一确定了其总角动量,并且给出了相关跃迁的相对谱线强度.     

基于激光共振电离质谱的钆奇宇称高激发态研究

钆同位素可作为生产医用同位素¹⁶¹Tb等的靶材,受限于高效光电离路径缺失等问题,目前仅能通过电磁方法生产,为实现钆的多步光电离,需要获取高激发态等光谱数据.基于国内自主研发的高分辨激光共振电离质谱,利用双色三步光电离方案,扫描了钆的36900～37700 cm^-1能区,首次获取了7条奇宇称高激发态能级,能级位置准确度可达±0.1 cm^-1,并根据角动量选择定则确定了可能的J值,同时发现了可用于质谱性能检验的单色光电离谱线.     

用共振电离质谱测定铀原子奇宇称高激发态能级

对铀原子单色和双色多光子共振电离光谱开展了深入的研究。报道了用双色三步共振光电离技术测量位于３３００３￣３４２６４ｃｍ＾－１范围内的奇宇称高激发态能级的位置。利用总角动量选择定则指定了这些能级的总角动量Ｊ值。     

铕原子双色三光子共振电离光谱的研究

利用双色三光子共振电离光谱技术,对处于42896~44854 cm-1能域内的铕(Eu)原子奇宇称高激发态的光谱特性进行了研究,报道了该能域内93个高激发态的光谱信息。一方面,采用了三种不同的激发路径,不仅测量了这些高激发态的能级位置,还给出了它们的光电离信号的相对强度;另一方面,结合电偶极跃迁的选择定则,对所得光谱数据进行了细致地分析和比较,唯一确定了各原子态的总角动量J。通过与相关文献资料进行对比,不仅确认了许多高激发态的研究结果,还发现了25个新的奇宇称高激发态。此外,还对文献中的少数高激发态的光谱归属进行了修正,并唯一地确定了这些高激发态的J值。     

Sm原子奇宇称Rydberg态光谱

结合共振激发和场电离探测技术,通过总角动量量子数0→1→0→1的激发路径,研究了第一电离阈附近的Sm原子奇宇称Rydberg态4f~66snp(J=1)。首先,在45 200～45 500 cm~(-1)能量范围内共发现了94个奇宇称Rydberg能级。其次,通过对有效量子数和Rydberg能级结构特点的分析,将其中68个能级归属为3个束缚Rydberg系列,另外26个能级也给出了能级位置。然后,利用Rydberg-Ritz公式,对3个Rydberg系列分别进行了拟合,获得了Sm原子的电离阈为(45 519.61±0.79) cm~(-1)。最后,采用6种偏振组合激发,由偏振选择定则,进一步验证了这些奇宇称Rydberg态总角动量量子数为1。这些结果首次证实了场电离探测技术对Sm原子高激发Rydberg态的适用性,并且通过对奇宇称Rydberg系列拟合得到的Sm原子电离阈与文献中通过偶宇称Rydberg系列获得的值(45 519.64±1.39) cm~(-1)基本一致。     

Eu原子4f~76snlRydberg态的研究

利用三步双色共振激发技术和三步三色孤立实激发技术,系统地研究了铕原子在42250—44510 cm~(-1)能域内的光谱特性,提供了该能域内56个束缚高激发态的光谱信息.为了能确定这些态的光谱归属,进行了两方面的探索:第一,观察能否利用孤立实激发技术,把处于这些态上的铕原子进一步共振激发到自电离态,从而推断这些态属于单电子激发的束缚Rydberg态还是属于双电子激发的价态,并对Rydberg态的电子组态进行了光谱确认;第二,通过计算这些态相对于各个电离阈的量子亏损并观察它们分别收敛于哪个电离阈,以便获取其主量子数的信息.最后,设计并采用了三种不同的激发路径,分别将原子布居到同一高激发能域并探测它们在该能域的光电离光谱.通过比较这些光谱的异同并结合上述激发路径所对应的跃迁选择定则,便可惟一地确定这些高激发态的总角动量.研究发现:所探测到的高激发束缚态只有三个属于单电子激发的束缚Rydberg态,其余都是价态.本文确定了这三个Rydberg态的电子组态和原子状态.     

用激光共振电离光谱测定铈原子奇宇称高激发态(Ⅰ):32 042～34 575 cm-1

激光共振电离光谱是一种十分适合于高能量区重元素复杂原子结构研究的技术。为寻找原子最佳的共振电离通道，利用这一技术对铈原子奇宇称高激发态进行了研究。在32042－34575cm^-1范围内，用两步共振激发和非共振电离方法，首次观察到了83条铈原子奇宇称高激发态能级，测量了这些新能级的能量和给出了可能的总角动量J值。     

铀原子双色三步激光光电离光谱

对铀原子单色及双色多光子共振电离光谱开发了深入的研究，报道了用双色三步光电离技术测量位于３４２６０－３５８００ｃｍ＾－１范围内的奇宇称高位能级的位置和Ｊ值。     

A study on odd-parity high-lying states of the Sm atom with three-color resonant excitation

The odd-parity high-lying states of the Sm atom are investigated systematically by a three-color resonant excitation scheme with two different excitation paths.The two intermediate states,4f 6 6s7s 7 F 0 and 4f 6 6s7s 7 F 1 are employed for paths I and II,respectively.Fifty-seven bound states are detected with paths I and II in the energy range between 44188 and 45515 cm 1,while 64 autoionizing states are found in the energy range from 45528 to 45761 cm 1.Not only the level energies of all observed states,b...     

Photoionization spectra of even-parity states of Sm atom with multistep excitation

Two-color stepwise excitation and photoionization schemes are adopted to study the spectra of bound even-parity high-lying states of the Sm atom with three different excitation paths via the 4f⁶6s6p ⁷D_J (J=1, 2 and 3) intermediate states. In order to obtain the information of these high-lying states, the Sm atom in these high-lying states is photoionized with an extra photon. Among 231 states detected in the energy region between 35,545 and 44,225 cm⁻¹, 108 states are newly discovered, while the rest can be identified as the same with the literature. In most cases, comparisons of the spectra corresponding to the three different excitation paths may partially determine the total angular momentum of the observed peaks with the selection rules. In addition, the relative intensities of all related transition lines are given.     

Experimental study of highly excited even-parity bound states of the Sm atom

In this work, a three-step autoionization detection method and direct photoionization detection method are employed to measure the highly excited even-parity states of the Sm atom in the energy region between 36360~cm^-1 and 40800~cm^-1. Comparisons between the results from the two detection techniques enable us to discriminate the Rydberg states from the valence states in the same energy region with the information of level energies, possible J values and their relative intensities. Furthermore, in the experiment two different excitation schemes are designed to obtain the spectra of highly excited even-parity states of the Sm atom. With a detailed analysis of the experimental data, this work not only confirms the results about many spectral data from the literature with different excitation schemes, but also reports new spectral data on 29 Rydberg states and 23 valence states.     

利用光电离技术研究奇宇称的Sm原子光谱

采用一台频率可扫描的染料激光器将Sm原子从4f66s2 7FJ(J=1,2)态分别激发到具有不同电子组态的若干原子态上,然后利用光电离技术对处于上述状态的Sm原子进行高灵敏探测.通过波长固定在355nm的紫外激光器,我们对一系列具有4f66s6p或者4f55d6s2电子组态的原子状态进行了精密的光谱测量.本实验研究不但确定了这些态的能级位置,还给出了它们的相对光谱强度.通过理论方法对光谱数据详细的分析,我们不但确认了文献中Sm原子的部分奇字称能级的位置和光谱标识,还同时给出了许多新的跃迁及其光谱特性.     

Studies on odd-parity states of the Sm atom

Two-step excitation and ionization processes are used to detect Sm atoms in many excited states populated with tunable lasers. The wavelength of the first laser is tuned to the resonances from the Sm 4f^6 6s^2 ^7FJ （J=0 6） states to many odd-parity states with different electronic configurations, where the atoms are detected by photoionization process using an ultraviolet laser with a wavelength of 355 nm. Precise measurements on the energy level and intensity for many Sm 4f^6 6s6p and 4f^5 5d6s^2 states have been carried out. In a theoretical analysis on the spectral data, such as peak position, relative intensity, many transitions can be identified as the resonances from the Sm 4f^6 6s^2 7FJ （J=0-6） states to the atomic states with 4f^6 6s6p and 4f^5 5d6s^2 electronic configurations. This work also reports many spectral data on the odd-parity states that cannot be found in the literature.     

Even-parity states of the Sm atom with stepwise excitation

Two-colour stepwise excitation and photoionization schemes are adopted to study the spectra of high-lying states of the Sm atom. These bound even-parity states are excited with three different excitation paths from the 4f66s6p7DJ (J = 1, 2, 3) intermediate states, respectively. They are probed by photoionization process with an extra photon driving them to the continuum states. In this experiment, 270 states are detected in an energy range from 36160 cm-1 to 42250 cm-1, 109 of which are newly discovered, while the rest of them are confirmed to be the energy levels reported previously. Furthermore, based on the J-momentum selection rules of three excitation paths, a unique assignment of J-momentum for all observed states is determined, eliminating all remaining ambiguities in the literature. Finally, 53 single-colour transitions originating from the scanning laser are also identified. For all the relevant transitions, the information about their relative intensities is also given in the paper.     

Autoionization spectra of Sm atom

Spectra of autoionizing states of the Sm atom in an energy region between 45948.9 cm-1 and 46943.6 cm-1 are systematically investigated by a three-color multi-step resonant excitation scheme with three different excitation paths.The three intermediate states,4f 66s7s 7F3,4f 66s7s 7F4,and 4f 66s7s 9F5 are employed for the three paths,respectively.Based on precise calibration of wavelength,the level energies of 112 autoionizing states are determined with the line widths and the relative line intensities of the related transitions.The possible influence of configuration interaction on the line shape of autoionizing state is also discussed.In addition,a unique value of J,the total angular momentum,is assigned to all detected states by comparing the three spectra obtained with the different excitation paths.