Pd/TiO2/γ-Al2O3的NOx储存性能和抗硫性能

用沉淀-浸渍法制备了NOx储存-还原(NSR)催化剂Pd/TiO2/γ-Al2O3,通过NOx吸附储存实验和对催化剂进行XRD、TPD和TPR等表征分析,考察了添加BaO对催化剂的NOx储存性能和抗硫性能的影响.研究表明,催化剂Pd/TiO2/γ-Al2O3中TiO2的高含量和高分散均可提高NOx储存能力.少量BaO(3%)提高了催化剂Pd/TiO2/γ-Al2O3的NOx储存能力而抗硫能力基本不受影响,当BaO含量超过一定值(5%)时,随催化剂中BaO含量进一步增加,NOx储存量增多,但催化剂的抗硫能力下降.催化剂表面上形成的硫化物易还原,则催化剂的抗硫能力高.     

BaCo1-xFexO3-δ缺陷钙钛矿NOx储存还原催化剂的制备、结构与性能

制备了B位Fe取代的BaCo1-xFexO3-δ系列缺陷钙钛矿型NOx储存还原(NSR)催化剂,考察了其储存NOx与抗硫性能;应用N2吸附-脱附,X射线衍射,红外光谱,程序升温还原和程序升温脱附等技术对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,Fe的取代提高了BaCoO3的抗硫能力,当x=0.4时,样品具有相对最大的NOx储存量,且...     

Pt/Ba/TiCeO催化剂上NOx 的存储和抗硫性能研究

采用共沉淀-浸渍法制备了新型NO_{x储存-还原催化剂Pt/Ba/TiCeO,考察了不同反应气氛对载体和催化剂上NOx存储性能的影响,并用Ｘ射线衍射（XRD）和程序升温脱附（TPD）等方法对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,Pt/Ba/TiCeO中TiCeO和BaO/TiCe具有较大比表面积（230m²/g和90m²/g）,Ba不仅起结构助剂作用,使催化剂的结构稳定,而且Ba的碱性又有利于NOx的吸附。Pt主要起催化氧化作用,催化NO氧化生成NO2,NO2 比NO 更容易与BaO/TiCeO成盐,促进NOx的存储。Pt/Ba/TiCeO催化剂中存在一储存活性位,它们是Ba位与TiCeO位组合。SO2对Pt/BaO/TiCeO催化剂的NOx储存性能影响较小,主要是Pt/BaO/TiCeO上形成的硫酸盐分解还原峰温度较低（410℃）,硫化物易分解还原脱除,其抗硫中毒能力较强。}     

表面覆盖SiO_2用于提高Pt-Pd/CeO_2-ZrO_2-Al_2O_3商用柴油机氧化型催化剂的抗硫性（英文）

向Pt-Pd/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3(Pt-Pd/CZA)商用柴油机氧化型催化剂(DOC)中加入多孔SiO2以提高其抗硫性.使用多层涂覆法在Pt-Pd/CZA催化剂表面覆盖一层多孔SiO2,从而制得SiO2/Pt-Pd/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3(SiO2/Pt-Pd/CZA)抗硫DOC.并使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM),H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR),氮气吸脱附,X射线能谱(EDX)和热重分析(TGA)等对其进行表征.SEM结果显示,SiO2层以多孔形式均匀覆盖在催化剂表面.氮气吸脱附结果表明,所添加的SiO2的织构性质与Pt-Pd/CZA催化剂的织构性质相似,因而表面覆盖的SiO2并未明显改变Pt-Pd/CZA催化剂的比表面积和孔结构.H2-TPR结果证实表面覆盖的SiO2不影响Pt-Pd/CZA催化剂的还原性能.EDX和TGA结果说明表面覆盖SiO2可以抑制硫物种在催化剂表面的形成及累积.最终,本文所制备的SiO2/Pt-Pd/CZA催化剂在保持Pt-Pd/CZA商用DOC的高活性及耐久性的同时有效提高了其抗硫性.     

不同MgO担体对Ba-Ru/MgO氨合成催化剂物化性质和反应性能的影响

采用不同沉淀剂制备了MgO材料,以其为载体制备了Ba-Ru/MgO氨合成催化剂,考察了沉淀剂种类和BaO助剂对其氨合成性能的影响.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、N2物理吸附、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、透射电镜(TEM)、H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、CO2程序升温脱附(CO2-TPD)、H2程序升温脱附(H2-TPD)和N2程序升温脱附(N2-TPD)表征手段,对不同沉淀剂影响Ba-Ru/MgO催化剂氨合成性能的原因进行了探索.结果表明:采用(NH4)2CO3作沉淀剂制备的Ba-Ru/MgO催化剂表面Ru物种易于在低温下还原,催化剂表面在低温区具有较多数量的弱碱性吸附位,在450℃、5.0 MPa和5 000 h-1条件下,由(NH4)2CO3做沉淀剂制备的Ba-Ru/MgO催化剂活性最高,出口氨浓度为3.74%.BaO助剂的加入大大减少了Ba-Ru/MgO催化剂表面吸附氢的数量,增大表面脱附氮的数量,从而易于N2解离吸附,提高氨合成反应速率.     

铁前驱体对Fe/β催化NH3-SCR反应性能的影响

以硝酸铁、氯化铁和二茂铁等为前驱体,采用液相浸渍法制备了Fe/β催化剂,并将其用于氨选择性催化还原脱硝反应.并采用X射线衍射、透射电镜、N2吸附-脱附、H2程序升温还原以及NH3程序升温脱附等手段对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,以二茂铁为前驱体制得的催化剂的活性明显优于其它两种前驱体.在60000h–1空速条件下,150oC时NOx转化率即可达到50%,260oC可实现完全转化.这是由于二茂铁的应用改善了铁活性物种在β分子筛上的分散度、颗粒尺寸和颗粒分布以及氧化还原性能.     

常压高频冷等离子体炬制备的CH4/CO2重整用Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂的表征

 分别采用常规焙烧还原 (C)、常规焙烧与常压高频冷等离子体炬还原相结合 (PR), 以及常压高频冷等离子体炬直接焙烧还原 (PC&;R) 制备了 Ni/γ-Al2O3 催化剂. 通过 X 射线衍射、H2-程序升温脱附、CO2-程序升温脱附、N2 吸附-脱附实验、透射电镜和热重分析等方法对催化剂进行了表征. 并考察了其 CH4/CO2 重整反应活性. 结果表明, 催化剂经等离子体处理后低温活性明显增加. 在得到相同 CH4 和 CO2 转化率情况下, PC&;R 法制备的催化剂与常规催化剂相比, 反应所需温度可以降低 50 oC. PC&;R 催化剂上 Ni 分散度提高了 100%, Ni 粒子粒径降低了 70%, 达到 5 nm, 催化剂的抗积炭性能显著增强. 所得催化剂较高的低温活性和抗积炭性能得益于常压高频冷等离子体炬对催化剂前驱体还原速率快, 处理时间大为缩短, 避免了由于长时间高温焙烧和还原所引起的对载体的烧结和金属 Ni 的团聚.     

表面覆盖SiO2用于提高Pt-Pd/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3商用柴油机氧化型催化剂的抗硫性

向Pt-Pd/CeO₂-ZrO₂-Al₂O₃ （Pt-Pd/CZA）商用柴油机氧化型催化剂（DOC）中加入多孔SiO₂以提高其抗硫性. 使用多层涂覆法在Pt-Pd/CZA 催化剂表面覆盖一层多孔SiO₂,从而制得SiO₂/Pt-Pd/CeO₂-ZrO₂-Al₂O₃（SiO₂/Pt-Pd/CZA）抗硫DOC. 并使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）,H₂程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）,氮气吸脱附,X射线能谱（EDX）和热重分析（TGA）等对其进行表征. SEM结果显示,SiO₂层以多孔形式均匀覆盖在催化剂表面. 氮气吸脱附结果表明,所添加的SiO₂的织构性质与Pt-Pd/CZA 催化剂的织构性质相似,因而表面覆盖的SiO₂并未明显改变Pt-Pd/CZA催化剂的比表面积和孔结构. H₂-TPR结果证实表面覆盖的SiO₂不影响Pt-Pd/CZA催化剂的还原性能. EDX和TGA结果说明表面覆盖SiO₂可以抑制硫物种在催化剂表面的形成及累积. 最终,本文所制备的SiO₂/Pt-Pd/CZA催化剂在保持Pt-Pd/CZA商用DOC的高活性及耐久性的同时有效提高了其抗硫性.     

Pt/CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3柴油车尾气氧化催化剂活性及抗硫性能

采用两种方法制备了三种Pt/CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3柴油车尾气氧化催化剂,并用X射线衍射、N2物理吸附、程序升温还原、程序升温脱附、X射线荧光光谱和红外光谱等方法对其进行了表征.结果发现,制备方法对催化剂的结构、织构、抗硫性能及催化性能的影响非常大.对其进行硫中毒,导致起燃温度明显升高.将ZrO2和La2O3沉积...     

不同WO3含量对CeO2-ZrO2-WO3催化剂在NH3选择性催化还原NO中的影响

采用水热法制备了CeO₂-ZrO₂-WO₃(CZW)催化剂,考察了WO₃含量对CZW催化剂上NH₃选择性催化还原NO_x性能的影响,并利用X射线衍射、N₂吸附-脱附、H₂程序升温还原、NH₃和NO程序升温脱附等方法对其进行了表征。结果表明,WO₃以无定形的形式存在于催化剂中,添加WO₃后显著提高了催化剂的表面酸性,并且在CZW催化剂上出现了强吸附的NO物种,从而有利于提高催化剂的活性。另外,适量的WO₃引入将增大催化剂的比表面积,促进催化剂的氧化还原性能,这将有利于提高SCR的催化活性。和CeO₂-ZrO₂催化剂相比,当WO₃的含量为20%时,CZW催化剂表现出良好的抗硫性能。此外,当空速为60 000 h^-1时,在200~463 ℃,该催化剂显示出了大于90% NO_x转化率。     

Partial substitution of rhodium for cobalt in the misfit [Pb0.7Co0.4Sr1.9O3][CoO2]1.8 oxide

The partial substitution of Co by Rh in the [Pb_0⋅7Co_0.4Sr_1.9O₃]^RS[CoO₂]_1.8 family has been investigated. By transmission electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction, it is shown that the substitution of Rh for Co takes place at the two cobalt sites of the structure but for the low enough Rh contents, this substitution is made preferentially at the level of the CdI₂-like layer. Thus, a generic formula [Pb_0.7(Co_0.4−zRh_z)Sr_1.9O₃]^RS[Co_1−yRh_yO₂]_b1/b2 (0?y?0.5 and 0?z?0.3) can be proposed for this new family of misfit phase. As observed for the pure misfit cobaltite, the thermoelectric power is also very large, close to +140 μV/K at room temperature. The Rh cation can adopt a mixed valency Rh³⁺/Rh⁴⁺ (4d⁶/4d⁵) with low spin states t_2g⁶/t_2g⁵ equivalent to the ones of low spin Co³⁺/Co⁴⁺ (3d⁶/3d⁵). The large thermopower observed in the Rh substituted compounds is therefore a direct proof that the coexistence of low spin states t_2g⁶/t_2g⁵ contributes to the thermoelectric power enhancement in these oxides.     

Synthesis and structural studies of cation-substituted Aurivillius phases ASrBi2Nb2TiO12

We report here a novel method to prepare high-quality samples of the three layered oxides ASrBi₂Nb₂TiO₁₂ACa, Sr or Ba using the pre-formed intermediates ABi₂Nb₂O₉ and SrTiO₃. The room temperature structures were refined using synchrotron X-ray and Neutron powder diffraction data in the orthorhombic space group B2cb. This symmetry arises as a consequence of cooperative tilting of the BO₆ octahedra in the [ASrNb₂TiO₁₀]²⁻ perovskite-like slabs and a polar displacement of the cations. The structure is characterized by extensive cation disorder but lacks appreciable oxygen vacancies.     

The structural chemistry of Bi14MO24 (M=Cr, Mo, W) phases: bismuth oxides containing discrete MO4 tetrahedra

The phases Bi₁₄MO₂₄ (M=Cr, Mo, W) have been studied using differential scanning calorimetry, variable temperature X-ray powder diffraction and neutron powder diffraction. All three compounds were found to undergo a phase change, on cooling, from the previously reported tetragonal symmetry (I4/m) to monoclinic symmetry (C2/m). Transition temperatures were determined to be ∼306 K (M=W) and ∼295 K (M=Mo), whereas a gradual transition between 275 and 200 K was observed for M=Cr. The high and low temperature structures are very similar, as indicated by the relationship between the monoclinic and tetragonal unit cell parameters: a_m=√2a_t, b_m=c_t, c_m=a_t, β∼135°. High-resolution neutron powder diffraction data, collected at 400 and 4 K, were used to establish the nature of the transition, which was found to involve a reduction in the statistical possibilities for orientation of the MO₄ tetrahedra. However, in both tetragonal and monoclinic variants, a degree of orientational disorder of the tetrahedra occurs to give partially occupied sites in the average unit cell.     

Magnetic and thermoelectric properties of layered LixNayCoO2

The magnetic, thermoelectric, and structural properties of Li_xNa_yCoO₂, prepared by intercalation and deintercalation chemistry from the thermodynamically stable phase Li_0.41Na_0.31CoO₂, which has an alternating Li/Na sequence along the c-axis, are reported. For the high Li-Na content phases Li_0.41Na_0.31CoO₂ and Li_0.40Na_0.43CoO₂, a sudden increase in susceptibility is seen below 50 K, whereas for Li_0.21Na_0.14CoO₂ an antiferromagnetic-like transition is seen at 10 K, in spite of a change from dominantly antiferromagnetic to dominantly ferromagnetic interactions with decreasing alkali content. The Curie constant decreases linearly with decreasing alkali content, at the same time the temperature-independent contribution to the susceptibility increases, indicating that as the Co becomes more oxidized the electronic states become more delocalized. Consistent with this observation, the low alkali containing phases have metallic-like resistivities. The 300 K thermopowers fall between 30 μV/K (x+y=0.31) and 150 μV/K (x+y=0.83).     

Crystal structure and electrical conductivity of cubic fluorite-based (YO1.5) x (WO3)0.15(BiO1.5)0.85- x (0?≤ ?x ≤?0.4) solid solutions

(WO₃)_0.15(BiO_1.5)_0.85 exhibits a tetragonal structure derived from the fluorite subcell. The electrical conductivity of (WO₃)_0.15(BiO_1.5)_0.85 is lower than that of Y₂O₃-doped Bi₂O₃. The structure and electrical conductivity of samples formulated as (YO_1.5) _x (WO₃)_0.15(BiO_1.5)_{0.85- x} (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4) were investigated. The as-sintered (YO_1.5)_0.1(WO₃)_0.15(BiO_1.5)_0.75 exhibited a single cubic structure that is isostructural with δ-Bi₂O₃. For x = 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4, the as-sintered samples consisted of a cubic fluorite structure and rhombohedral Y₆WO₁₂. After heat treatment at 600 °C for 200 h, the cubic structures are stable for x = 0.1, 0.3, and 0.4. A transformation from cubic to rhombohedral phase after heat treatment at 600 °C for 200 h was observed in the sample originally formulated as (YO_1.5)_0.2(WO₃)_0.15(BiO_1.5)_0.65.     

Bi2O3 /Al2O3纳米复合物的声化学合成及其对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用

以偏铝酸钠和硝酸铋为原料在超声辐照下反应,一步法合成了Bi2O3-Al2O3纳米复合物。用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP),元素分析和热重分析确定了产物的组成,并通过傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、粉末X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等测试手段对所得产物进行了表征。结果表明,产物为近似球状晶体,在超声40 min条件下粒径平均为24 nm。探讨了pH值和干燥温度以及超声时间对所得产物成分和粒径的影响。这类物质原本是一种治疗消化性溃疡和神经性消化不良的药物。实验发现,其中两种复合物对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有明显的抑制作用。     

MnOx-SnO2 Catalysts Synthesized by a Redox Coprecipitation Method for Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO by NH3

MnO_x-SnO₂ composite oxides prepared by a redox coprecipitation route were tested in selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH₃ at low temperatures. The results showed that the MnO_x-SnO₂ catalyst with a Mn/(Mn+Sn) molar ratio of 75% exhibited the best performance, on which NO conversion of 100% could be achieved at temperatures of 120–200 °C. The characterization results of N₂ adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that the higher surface area, the formation of solid solution between manganese and tin oxides, and the high oxidation state manganese species were responsible for the high catalytic activity of the MnO_x-SnO₂ catalyst.     

ZrO2包覆的层状富锂正极材料0.6Li[Li1/3Mn2/3]O2·0.4LiNi5/12Mn5/12Co1/6O2的电化学性能

采用喷雾干燥法合成了富锂层状氧化物正极材料0.6Li[Li_1/3Mn_2/3]O₂·0.4LiNi_5/12Mn_5/12Co_1/6O₂(简称LNMCO),并使用Zr (CH₃COO)₄进行ZrO₂的包覆改性。TEM测试结果显示纳米级的ZrO₂颗粒附着在LNMCO的表面。包覆质量分数为1.5%的ZrO₂包覆样品的首圈库伦效率和放电比容量有着显著提升,在室温下其首圈库伦效率和放电比容量(电流密度：20 mA·g^-1,电压：2.0~4.8 V)分别为87.2%,279.3 mAh·g^-1,而原样则为75.1%,224.1 mAh·g^-1,循环100圈之后,1.5% ZrO₂包覆样品的放电比容量为248.3 mAh·g^-1,容量保持率为88.9%,高于原样的195.9 mAh·g^-1和87.4%。     

ZrO_2包覆的层状富锂正极材料0.6Li[Li_(1/3)Mn_(2/3)]O_2·0.4LiNi_(5/12)Mn_(5/12)Co_(1/6)O_2的电化学性能

采用喷雾干燥法合成了富锂层状氧化物正极材料0.6Li[Li_(1/3)Mn_(2/3)]O2·0.4LiNi_(5/12)Mn_(5/12)Co_(1/6)O_2(简称LNMCO),并使用Zr(CH3COO)4进行ZrO_2的包覆改性。TEM测试结果显示纳米级的ZrO_2颗粒附着在LNMCO的表面。包覆质量分数为1.5%的ZrO_2包覆样品的首圈库伦效率和放电比容量有着显著提升,在室温下其首圈库伦效率和放电比容量(电流密度:20 m A·g-1,电压:2.0~4.8 V)分别为87.2%,279.3 m Ah·g-1,而原样则为75.1%,224.1 m Ah·g-1,循环100圈之后,1.5%ZrO_2包覆样品的放电比容量为248.3 m Ah·g-1,容量保持率为88.9%,高于原样的195.9 m Ah·g-1和87.4%。     

V2O5/赤铁矿催化剂结构及其NH3选择性催化还原NOx性能

以水热合成针铁矿为前驱体浸渍偏钒酸铵,分别于300,400和500℃空气中焙烧,制备了不同活性组分负载量的V₂O₅/赤铁矿（V/H）催化剂,用于氨选择性催化还原（SCR）脱硝。采用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、比表面积分析仪、程序升温还原及程序升温脱附等方法对催化剂结构进行了表征,并用标气配制模拟烟气进行了脱硝实验。结果表明,300℃煅烧3%V/H催化剂当烟气温度为250-300℃时NO转化率均可达95%以上;当配气中单独加入水蒸气或低浓度SO₂（0.01%）时,V/H催化脱硝的活性不受影响;当系统加入高浓度的SO₂（0.03%与0.05%）或同时添加H₂O与SO₂时,SCR脱硝效率下降,其机制可能是SO₂在催化剂表面竞争吸附所致,停止添加后,催化活性迅速恢复。