液相法制备取向ZnO纳米线阵列的场发射特性(英文)

采用水热合成工艺,在不同条件下制备了不同的一维取向ZnO纳米线阵列样品.用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)及透射电镜(TEM)对样品的晶体结构和形貌等进行了表征,对样品的场发射特性进行了分析和比较,并用Fowler-Nordheim方程对影响ZnO纳米线场发射的因素进行了研究.结果表明,具有较低生长密度分布、较高的长径比和较尖锐生长端的ZnO纳米线阵列样品具有较好的场发射特性.     

低维ZnO纳米材料*

本文主要综述了近年来ZnO纳米材料制备领域的一些新方法,简单比较了各种方法之间的优缺点;讨论了制备不同形貌的ZnO纳米材料的影响因素,其中重点讨论了表面活性剂的作用;介绍了ZnO纳米材料的性质及其可能的应用领域;并对ZnO纳米材料的发展前景进行了展望。     

用于去除有机染料的分级结构ZnO微球的简便合成

以六亚甲基四胺(HMTA)为结构导向剂，采用乙二醇辅助的溶剂热法制备了均匀分散的纳米片组装的三维分级结构ZnO微米球。可控实验证明，HMTA和溶剂在分级结构微米球的形成中起重要作用。通过二维纳米片组装来构建三维分级结构，不仅增加了产品的比表面积，而且还建立了更多的电荷传输通道。在暗室下，该样品可作为吸附剂去除水溶液中的一些有机染料。吸附结果表明，纳米片组装的分级结构ZnO微球对阴离子染料具有良好的去除率和选择性。特殊的分级结构、较大的比表面积和静电引力的协同作用，使ZnO微球对代表性染料刚果红(CR)经过5次循环吸附后的去除率仍可达95.67%。动力学研究证实，CR在ZnO微球上的吸附为物理吸附，符合准二级动力学和Langmuir等温线模型。     

用于去除有机染料的分级结构ZnO微球的简便合成

以六亚甲基四胺(HMTA)为结构导向剂,采用乙二醇辅助的溶剂热法制备了均匀分散的纳米片组装的三维分级结构ZnO微米球。可控实验证明,HMTA和溶剂在分级结构微米球的形成中起重要作用。通过二维纳米片组装来构建三维分级结构,不仅增加了产品的比表面积,而且还建立了更多的电荷传输通道。在暗室下,该样品可作为吸附剂去除水溶液中的一些有机染料。吸附结果表明,纳米片组装的分级结构ZnO微球对阴离子染料具有良好的去除率和选择性。特殊的分级结构、较大的比表面积和静电引力的协同作用,使ZnO微球对代表性染料刚果红(CR)经过5次循环吸附后的去除率仍可达95.67%。动力学研究证实,CR在ZnO微球上的吸附为物理吸附,符合准二级动力学和Langmuir等温线模型。     

用于去除有机染料的分级结构ZnO微球的简便合成

以六亚甲基四胺(HMTA)为结构导向剂,采用乙二醇辅助的溶剂热法制备了均匀分散的纳米片组装的三维分级结构ZnO微米球。可控实验证明,HMTA和溶剂在分级结构微米球的形成中起重要作用。通过二维纳米片组装来构建三维分级结构,不仅增加了产品的比表面积,而且还建立了更多的电荷传输通道。在暗室下,该样品可作为吸附剂去除水溶液中的一些有机染料。吸附结果表明,纳米片组装的分级结构ZnO微球对阴离子染料具有良好的去除率和选择性。特殊的分级结构、较大的比表面积和静电引力的协同作用,使ZnO微球对代表性染料刚果红(CR)经过5次循环吸附后的去除率仍可达95.67%。动力学研究证实,CR在ZnO微球上的吸附为物理吸附,符合准二级动力学和Langmuir等温线模型。     

Controlled organization of ZnO building blocks into complex nanostructures

ZnO complex nanostructure with special mushroom-like morphology was prepared by hydrolysis of zinc acetate dehydrate (Zn(CH3COO)2 2H2O) in water-methanol mixed solvent at 60 degrees C. The formation mechanism was studied using XRD investigation and FE-SEM observation, which showed that the mushroom-like particles were transformed from cauliflower-like layered basic zinc acetate (LBZA), Zn5(OH)8(CH3COO)22H2O, and composed of ZnO subunits with average size less than 10 nm. The introduction of hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA, C6H12N4) to the solution before deposition led to drastic changes in the morphologies of both aggregation particles and ZnO subunits. The novel ZnO microspheres, which were made of regular hexagonal plate-like ZnO with dimensional size 35 x 10 nm, were formed. These hexagonal plate-like ZnO subunits stacked very compactly and aligned regularly. Kinetic study of this unique complex nanostructure using TEM and FE-SEM observation showed the presence of HMTA played an important role on the formation of hexagonal ZnO subunits through different mechanisms related to the different parts of microspheres.     

ZnO纳米线阵列的电沉积法制备及表征(英文)

利用直流电沉积方法在多孔氧化铝模板的孔洞中生成锌纳米线,在氧气氛围中,于800°C下氧化2h,将氧化铝中的锌氧化成氧化锌.本研究利用氧气氛围进行锌的氧化,大大提高了传统方法的氧化锌纳米线的制备效率.用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对其形貌及成分进行表征和分析,结果表明,氧化铝模板的有序孔洞中填充了大尺寸、均匀连续的多晶态氧化锌纳米线.纳米线具有约1000:1的高纵横比,其长度等于氧化铝模板的厚度,直径约为80nm.光致发光(PL)光谱表明,氧化锌纳米线在504nm处有由于氧空位引起的较强蓝绿光发射.这为进一步研究ZnO/AAO组装体发学性质和开发新型功能器件提供了基础.     

Large-scale fabrication of tower-like, flower-like, and tube-like ZnO arrays by a simple chemical solution route

Large-scale arrayed ZnO crystals with a series of novel morphologies, including tower-like, flower-like, and tube-like samples, have been successfully fabricated by a simple aqueous solution route. The morphology and orientation of the obtained ZnO crystal arrays can be conveniently tailored by changing the reactants and experimental conditions. For example, the tower-like ZnO crystal arrays were obtained in a reaction solution system including zinc salt, ammonia, ammonium salt, and thiourea, and the orientation of these tower-like crystals could be controlled by the contents of these reactants. Flower-like ZnO arrays were obtained at lower temperatures, and tube-like ZnO arrays were obtained by ultrasonic pretreatment of the reaction system. The growth mechanism of the tower-like and tube-like ZnO crystals was investigated by FESEM. The results show that tower-like crystals grow layer by layer, while tube-like crystals grow from active nanowires. Ultrasonic pretreatment is proved to be effective in promoting the formation of active nuclei, which have important effects on the formation of the tube-like ZnO crystals. In addition, large-scale arrays of these ZnO crystals can be successfully synthesized onto various substrates such as amorphous glass, crystalline quartz, and PET. This implies this chemical method has a wide application in the fabrication of nano-/microscale devices.     

Controlled growth of well-aligned ZnO nanorod array using a novel solution method

A simple method of synthesizing nanomaterials and the ability to control the size and position of them are crucial for fabricating nanodevices. In this work, we developed a novel ammonia aqueous solution method for growing well-aligned ZnO nanorod arrays on a silicon substrate. For ZnO nanorod growth, a thin zinc metal seed layer was deposited on a silicon substrate by thermal evaporation. Uniform ZnO nanorods were grown on the zinc-coated silicon substrate in aqueous solution containing zinc nitrate and ammonia water. The growth temperature was as low as 60-90 degrees C and a 4-in. wafer size scale up was possible. The morphology of a zinc metal seed layer, pH, growth temperature, and concentration of zinc salt in aqueous solution were important parameters to determine growth characteristics such as average diameters and lengths of ZnO nanorods. We could demonstrate the discrete controlled growth of ZnO nanorods using sequential, tailored growth steps. By combining our novel solution method and general photolithography, we selectively grew ZnO nanorod arrays on a patterned silicon substrate. Our concepts on controlled ZnO nanorod growth using a simple solution method would be applicable for various nanodevice fabrications.     

Hydrothermal growth of large-scale micropatterned arrays of ultralong ZnO nanowires and nanobelts on zinc substrate

Large-scale, ultralong ZnO nanowire and nanobelt arrays with honeycomb-like micropatterns have been fabricated by hydrothermal oxidation of zinc foil in aqueous alkaline (NH4)2S2O8 solutions.     

电沉积种子层化学控制生长氧化锌纳米棒和纳米管

采用水溶液法在电沉积的ZnO种子层上制备了高度取向的ZnO纳米棒阵列,并通过碱溶液化学腐蚀法获得了ZnO纳米管。对ZnO纳米棒和纳米管的溶液生长和腐蚀过程进行了分析。结果表明,种子层的结构和性能对ZnO纳米棒有着重要的影响,在-700 mV电位下沉积的种子层薄膜均匀性好,生长的纳米棒密度大、与基底垂直性好;碱溶液对纳米棒的腐蚀具有选择性,通过控制腐蚀液的浓度和时间,可获得中空的ZnO纳米管。     

Ti基ZnO纳米棒阵列的制备及其光催化性能研究

采用两电极体系中恒电流电沉积在Ti基底上制得较均一的ZnO纳米棒阵列,利用SEM和XRD观察表征样品,研究Zn(NO₃)₂浓度及电流密度对ZnO纳米棒阵列微观形貌的影响. 以甲基橙为目标降解物,考察该电极光催化性能. 结果表明,Zn(NO₃)₂浓度和电流密度对纳米棒阵列的形貌有显著影响;与ITO玻璃等其他基底相比,在Ti基底上也可沉积较好均一取向的ZnO纳米棒阵列;紫外灯照射下,ZnO/Ti电极对甲基橙（10 mg·L^-1）模拟印染废水降解2.5 h,降解率达到83.3%,光催化活性较佳;无光照时ZnO纳米棒的降解率仅7%.     

Aqueous solution route to high-aspect-ratio zinc oxide nanostructures on indium tin oxide substrates

High-aspect-ratio ZnO nanowires and nanotubes are formed on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates using a three-step route at low temperatures. The three steps, including successive ionic layer absorption and reaction (SILAR) deposition of the ZnO seed layer, hydrothermal annealing of the seed layer, and chemical bath deposition (CBD) of the one-dimensional (1D) ZnO nanostructures, are all conducted in aqueous solutions at temperatures below 120 degrees C. Both the hydrothermal annealing of the SILAR seed layer and the low-concentration precursor solution employed in the CBD process are crucial in order to synthesize the uniform and high-aspect-ratio ZnO nanostructures on the ITO substrate. TEM analyses reveal that both the nanowire and the nanotube possess the single-crystal structure and are grown along [001] direction. Room-temperature cathodoluminescence spectrum of the 1D ZnO nanostructures shows a sharp ultraviolet emission at 375 nm and a broad green-band emission.     

Electrodeposition of ZnO nanotube arrays on TCO glass substrates

In this paper, large-scale, single-crystalline ZnO nanotube arrays were directly fabricated onto F-doped SnO₂ (TCO) glass substrate via an electrochemical deposition method from an aqueous solution for the first time. The tubes had a preferential orientation along the [0 0 0 1] direction and hexagon-shaped cross sections. The novel nanostructure could be easily fabricated without a prepared layer of seeds on the substrate. The surface condition of substrate material and the experimental conditions played a key role in the nanotube formation. A possible formation mechanism has been proposed.     

Fabrication of hierarchical ZnO architectures and their superhydrophobic surfaces with strong adhesive force

Grid-structured ZnO microsphere arrays assembled by uniform ZnO nanorods were fabricated by noncatalytic chemical vapor deposition, taking advantage of morphologies of alumina nanowire pyramid substrates and ZnO oriented growth habits. Every ZnO microsphere (similar to the micropapilla on a lotus leaf surface) is assembled by over 200 various oriented ZnO nanorods (similar to the hairlike nanostructures on mircopapilla of a lotus leaf). This lotus-leaf-like ZnO micro-nanostructure films reveal superhydrophobicity and ultrastrong adhesive force to liquid. The realization of this hierarchical ZnO nanostructure film could be important for further understanding wettability of biological surfaces with micro-nanostructure and application in microfluidic devices.     

Effect of Polyethyleneimine Assisting the Growth of Eu-doped ZnO Nanowire Arrays in Mannich Reaction

In study on the growth reaction mechanism of Eu-doped ZnO nanowire(NW), the intermedium of reaction is characterized by measures such as FTIR. Besides, the influences of polyethyleneimine(PEI) on morphology, structure and photoelectric property of NW are observed by SEM, TEM, XRD, UV-vis and PL spectrum. According to the result, it manifests that Eu-doped ZnO NW array growth response experiences six mutually associated reaction processes in PEI-HMTA system:(a) chelation reaction of PEI and Zn~(2+) Eu~(3+);(b) protonation reaction of PEI and NH_3;(c) decomposition reaction of hexamethylenetetramine(HMTA);(d) Mannich reaction of HCHO and PEI;(e) formation of precursor of Eu-doped ZnO;(f) dehydration condensation of Eu-doped ZnO precursors, further forming a doped ZnO NW array. Among them, PEI is the key factor of the whole doping growth reaction process. It both plays a role in modifying the growth of ZnO NW and makes it become longer and thinner. In the meantime, it also facilitates doping of Eu and enables ZnO NW to capture more photoelectrons and higher transmission rate, which is critical to improve photovoltaic performance of optoelectronic devices.     

Electrochemical deposition of nano-structured ZnO on the nanocrystalline TiO2 film and its characterization

One-dimensional structure of ZnO nanorod arrays on nanocrystalline TiO₂/ITO conductive glass substrates has been fabricated by cathodic reduction electrochemical deposition methods in the three-electrode system, with zinc nitrate aqueous solution as the electrolyte, and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The effects of film substrates, electrolyte concentration, deposition time, and methenamine (HMT) addition on ZnO deposition and its luminescent property were investigated in detail. The results show that, compared with on the ITO glass substrate, ZnO is much easily achieved by electrochemical deposition on the TiO₂ nanoparticle thin films. ZnO is hexagonally structured wurtzite with the c-axis preferred growth, and further forms nanorod arrays vertically on the substrates. It is favorable to the growth of ZnO to extend the deposition time, to increase the electrolyte concentration, and to add a certain amount of HMT in the system, consequently improving the crystallinity and orientation of ZnO arrays. It is demonstrated that the obtained ZnO arrays with high crystallinity and good orientation display strong band-edge UV (375 nm) and weak surface-state-related green (520 nm) emission peaks.     

Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO Nanowires

Zinc oxide is a wide bandgap (3.37 eV) semiconductor with a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure. ZnO prepared in nanowire form may be used as a nanosized ultraviolet light-emitting source. In this study, ZnO nanowires were prepared by vapor-phase transport of Zn vapor onto gold-coated silicon substrates in a tube furnace heated to 900 ?C. Gold serves as a catalyst to capture Zn vapor during nanowire growth. Size control of ZnO nanowires has been achieved by varying the gold film thickness…     

Photoelectrochemical property of the BiOBr-BiOI/ZnO heterostructures with tunable bandgap

Layered BiOBr-BiOI composites with tunable bandgap were deposited onto ZnO nanowire arrays by spin-coating. The prepared BiOBr-BiOI/ZnO heterostructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, UV-visible absorption, and photoelectrochemical response. The bandgap of the BiOBr-BiOI can be tuned by varying the ratio of BiOBr/BiOI. The BiOBr-BiOI composites were proved to be n-type semiconductors, which serve as sensitizers in the BiOBr-BiOI/ZnO heterostructures. BiOBr-BiOI/ZnO heterostructures show much higher visible light photoelectrochemical activity than ZnO nanowire arrays because of the visible light absorption of BiOBr-BiOI and the formation of heterojunction between BiOBr-BiOI and ZnO, which reduces the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes. In addition, the bandgap of BiOBr-BiOI directly affects the photoelectrochemical performance of the BiOBr-BiOI/ZnO heterojunctions. The smaller bandgap of the BiOBr-BiOI is, the more visible light is absorbed and the higher photoelectrochemical performance of the BiOBr-BiOI/ZnO heterojunctions achieves. The BiOBr-BiOI/ZnO heterostructures can be developed for application in water splitting and other optoelectrical devices.     

Low-temperature chemical bath deposition of crystalline ZnO

ZnO crystals can be grown from alkaline aqueous solution not only by the standard hydrothermal technique at temperatures between 350 °C and 400 °C, but also by chemical bath deposition (CBD) at temperatures below 100 °C. In the presence of ZnO and ScAlMgO₄ (SCAM) substrates almost all ZnO deposits on the substrate, with different habits, however. Under optimized conditions even homoepitaxial layers can be obtained, while rod-like structures are obtained on SCAM substrates. The chemistry and the driving forces behind the two processes are considered in detail and the temperature dependence of the solution composition has been calculated. The driving force for the ZnO crystal growth in the standard hydrothermal technique is the difference in the ZnO solubility in alkaline solutions at different temperatures. In contrast, the driving force for the chemical bath deposition of ZnO at low temperatures is the decay of zinc ion complex molecules with increasing temperature.