Étude d'un modèle thermo-chimique de formation d'un matériau composite

We consider a composite material constituted of carbon or glass fibres included in a resin which becomes solid when it is heated up (reaction of reticulation). The mathematical modelling of the cure process is given by a kinetic equation describing the evolution of the reaction of reticulation coupled with the heat equation. The geometry of the composite material is periodic, with a small period $?>0$. First we prove the existence and uniqueness of a solution by using Schauder's fixed point theorem. Then, by using an asymptotic expansion, we derive the homogenized problem which describes the macroscopic behaviour of the material. We prove the convergence of the solution of the problem to the solution of the homogenized problem when ? tends to zero and we obtain an error estimate in a case of weak non-linearity. Finally we solve numerically the homogenized problem. To cite this article: S. Meliani et al., C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 339 (2004).     

Numerical analysis of a model of cure process for composites

We consider a composite material composed of fibres included in a resin which becomes solid when it is heated up (reaction of reticulation). The mathematical modelling of the cure process is given by a kinetic equation describing the evolution of the reaction of reticulation coupled with the heat equation. In this paper, we are interested in the computation of approximate solutions. We propose a family of discretized problems depending on two parameters (β₁, β₂) ε [0, 1]² which split the linear and non‐ linear terms in implicit and explicit parts. We prove the stability and convergence of the discretization for any (β₁, β₂) ε [½, 1 ] × [0, 1]. We present also some numerical results. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The periodic Cauchy problem of the modified Hunter-Saxton equation

We prove that the periodic initial value problem for the modified Hunter-Saxton equation is locally well-posed for initial data in the space of continuously differentiable functions on the circle and in Sobolev spaces when s > 3/2. We also study the analytic regularity (both in space and time variables) of this problem and prove a Cauchy-Kowalevski type theorem. Our approach is to rewrite the equation and derive the estimates which permit application of o.d.e. techniques in Banach spaces. For the analytic regularity we use a contraction argument on an appropriate scale of Banach spaces to obtain analyticity in both time and space variables.     

Fully nonlinear elliptic equations and the dini condition

Abstract

We investigate transmission problems with strongly Lipschitz interfaces for the Dirac equation by establishing spectral estimates on an associated boundary singular integral operator, the rotation operator. Using Rellich estimates we obtain angular spectral estimates on both the essential and full spectrum for general bi-oblique transmission problems. Specializing to the normal transmission problem, we investigate transmission problems for Maxwell's equations using a nilpotent exterior/interior derivativeoperator. The fundamental commutation properties for this operator with the two basic reflection operators are proved. We show how the L ₂spectral estimates are inherited for the domain of the exterior/interior derivative operator and prove some complementary eigenvalue estimates. Finally we use a general algebraic theorem to prove a regularity property needed for Maxwell's equations.     

Well-posedness and weak rotation limit for the Ostrovsky equation

We consider the Cauchy problem of the Ostrovsky equation. We first prove the time local well-posedness in the anisotropic Sobolev space Hs,a with s>−a/2−3/4 and 0?a?−1 by the Fourier restriction norm method. This result include the time local well-posedness in Hs with s>−3/4 for both positive and negative dissipation, namely for both βγ>0 and βγ<0. We next consider the weak rotation limit. We prove that the solution of the Ostrovsky equation converges to the solution of the KdV equation when the rotation parameter γ goes to 0 and the initial data of the KdV equation is in L². To show this result, we prove a bilinear estimate which is uniform with respect to γ.     

Estimates and asymptotic expansions for condenser p-capacities. The anisotropic case of segments

We provide estimates and asymptotic expansions of condenser p-capacities and focus on the anisotropic case of (line) segments.

After preliminary results, we study p-capacities of points with respect to asymptotic approximations, positivity cases and convergence speed of descending continuity. We introduce equidistant condensers to point out that the anisotropy caused by a segment in the p-Laplace equation is such that the Pólya-Szegö rearrangement inequality for Dirichlet type integrals yields a trivial lower bound. Moreover, when p > N , one cannot build an admissible solution for a segment, however small its length may be, by extending the case of a punctual obstacle.

Our main contribution is to provide a lower bound to the N -dimensional condenser p-capacity of a segment, by means of the N -dimensional and of the (N ?1)-dimensional condenser p-capacities of a point. The positivity cases follow for p-capacities of segments. Our method could be extended to obstacles with codimensions ≥ 2 in higher dimensions, such as surfaces in ?⁴.

Introducing elliptical condensers, we obtain an estimate and the asymptotic expansion for the condenser 2-capacity of a segment in the plane. The topological gradient of the 2-capacity is not an appropriate tool to separate curves and obstacles with non-empty interior in 2D. In the case p ≠ 2, elliptical condensers should prove useful to obtain further estimates of p-capacities of segments.     

Integro-differential Burgers equation. Solvability and homogenization

We consider the integro-differential Burgers equation which appears in nonlinear acoustics. The integral term in the right-hand side describes the relaxation (memory) effects. The global existence and uniqueness of solution is proved. The smoothness of the solution is studied.In the case when the coefficients of the equation rapidly oscillate, we replace it by the homogenized equation with constant coefficients and prove the error estimates.     

Hair-triggered instability of radial steady states, spread and extinction in semilinear heat equations

We first study the initial value problem for a general semilinear heat equation. We prove that every bounded nonconstant radial steady state is unstable if the spatial dimension is low (n?10) or if the steady state is flat enough at infinity: the solution of the heat equation either becomes unbounded as t approaches the lifespan, or eventually stays above or below another bounded radial steady state, depending on if the initial value is above or below the first steady state; moreover, the second steady state must be a constant if n?10.Using this instability result, we then prove that every nonconstant radial steady state of the generalized Fisher equation is a hair-trigger for two kinds of dynamical behavior: extinction and spreading. We also prove more criteria on initial values for these types of behavior. Similar results for a reaction-diffusion system modeling an isothermal autocatalytic chemical reaction are also obtained.     

Asymptotic behavior of a nonisothermal viscous Cahn-Hilliard equation with inertial term

We consider a differential model describing nonisothermal fast phase separation processes taking place in a three-dimensional bounded domain. This model consists of a viscous Cahn-Hilliard equation characterized by the presence of an inertial term χtt, χ being the order parameter, which is linearly coupled with an evolution equation for the (relative) temperature ?. The latter can be of hyperbolic type if the Cattaneo-Maxwell heat conduction law is assumed. The state variables and the chemical potential are subject to the homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions. We first provide conditions which ensure the well-posedness of the initial and boundary value problem. Then, we prove that the corresponding dynamical system is dissipative and possesses a global attractor. Moreover, assuming that the nonlinear potential is real analytic, we establish that each trajectory converges to a single steady state by using a suitable version of the ?ojasiewicz-Simon inequality. We also obtain an estimate of the decay rate to equilibrium.     

Bloch wave homogenization of a non-homogeneous Neumann problem

In this paper, we use the Bloch wave method to study the asymptotic behavior of the solution of the Laplace equation in a periodically perforated domain, under a non-homogeneous Neumann condition on the boundary of the holes, as the size of the holes goes to zero more rapidly than the domain period. This method allows to prove that, when the hole size exceeds a given threshold, the non-homogeneous boundary condition generates an additional term in the homogenized problem, commonly referred to as “the strange term” in the literature.     

Uniqueness and stability in determining the speed of propagation of second-order hyperbolic equation with variable coefficients

One of the basic inverse problems in an anisotropic media is the determination of coefficients in a bounded domain with a single measurement. We consider the problem of finding the coefficient of the second derivatives in a second-order hyperbolic equation with variable coefficients.

Under a weak regularity assumption and a geometrical condition on the metric, we prove the uniqueness in a multidimensional hyperbolic inverse problem with a single measurement. Moreover we show that our uniqueness results yield the Lipschitz stability estimate in L ² space for solution to the inverse problem under consideration.     

Marching schemes for inverse acoustic scattering problems

Summary For the numerical solution of inverse Helmholtz problems the boundary value problem for a Helmholtz equation with spatially variable wave number has to be solved repeatedly. For large wave numbers this is a challenge. In the paper we reformulate the inverse problem as an initial value problem, and describe a marching scheme for the numerical computation that needs only n² log n operations on an n × n grid. We derive stability and error estimates for the marching scheme. We show that the marching solution is close to the low-pass filtered true solution. We present numerical examples that demonstrate the efficacy of the marching scheme.     

Existence and uniqueness for P-area minimizers in the Heisenberg group

In [3] we studied p-mean curvature and the associated p-minimal surfaces in the Heisenberg group from the viewpoint of PDE and differential geometry. In this paper, we look into the problem through the variational formulation. We study a generalized p-area and associated ( p-) minimizers in general dimensions. We prove the existence and investigate the uniqueness of minimizers. Since this is reduced to solving a degenerate elliptic equation, we need to consider the effect of the singular set and this requires a careful study. We define the notion of weak solution and prove that in a certain Sobolev space, a weak solution is a minimizer and vice versa. We also give many interesting examples in dimension 2. An intriguing point is that, in dimension 2, a C ²-smooth solution from the PDE viewpoint may not be a minimizer. However, this statement is true for higher dimensions due to the relative smallness of the size of the singular set.     

Estimates of solutions of the H^p and BMOA corona problem

We prove new sharper estimates of solutions to the -corona problem in strictly pseudoconvex domains; in particular we show that the constant is independent of the number of generators. We also obtain sharper estimates for solutions to the BMOA corona problem. The proofs also lead to new results about the Taylor spectrum of analytic Toeplitz operators on and BMOA. Received: 28 August 1998 / in final form: 9 February 1999     

Existence and uniqueness for a nonlinear parabolic/Hamilton–Jacobi coupled system describing the dynamics of dislocation densities

We study a mathematical model describing the dynamics of dislocation densities in crystals. This model is expressed as a 1D system of a parabolic equation and a first order Hamilton–Jacobi equation that are coupled together. We examine an associated Dirichlet boundary value problem. We prove the existence and uniqueness of a viscosity solution among those assuming a lower-bound on their gradient for all time including the initial time. Moreover, we show the existence of a viscosity solution when we have no such restriction on the initial data. We also state a result of existence and uniqueness of entropy solution for the initial value problem of the system obtained by spatial derivation. The uniqueness of this entropy solution holds in the class of bounded-from-below solutions. In order to prove our results on the bounded domain, we use an “extension and restriction” method, and we exploit a relation between scalar conservation laws and Hamilton–Jacobi equations, mainly to get our gradient estimates.     

Vanishing viscosity with short wave-long wave interactions for multi-D scalar conservation laws

We consider a system coupling a multidimensional semilinear Schrödinger equation and a multidimensional nonlinear scalar conservation law with viscosity, which is motivated by a model of short wave-long wave interaction introduced by Benney (1977). We prove the global existence and uniqueness of the solution of the Cauchy problem for this system. We also prove the convergence of the whole sequence of solutions when the viscosity ε and the interaction parameter α approach zero so that α=o(ε1/2). We also indicate how to extend these results to more general systems which couple multidimensional semilinear systems of Schrödinger equations with multidimensional nonlinear systems of scalar conservation laws mildly coupled.     

Viscosity solutions of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-Laplace equation with nonlinear source

In the present paper we consider the Dirichlet problem in a convex domain for the multidimensional p-Laplace equation with nonlinear source. We prove the existence of the unique continuous viscosity solution under quite general assumptions on the structure of the source. Received: 18 January 2006     

Stable determination of conductivity by boundary measurements

We consider the problem of determining the scalar coefficient γ in the elliptic equation div(γ grad u) = 0 in ω when, for every Dirichlet datum u = ? on ?ω , the Neumann datum γ(?/ ? n)u = ∧._γ? is known. We prove a continuous dependence result     

Mildly degenerate Kirchhoff equations with weak dissipation: Global existence and time decay

We consider the hyperbolic-parabolic singular perturbation problem for a degenerate quasilinear Kirchhoff equation with weak dissipation. This means that the coefficient of the dissipative term tends to zero when t→+∞.We prove that the hyperbolic problem has a unique global solution for suitable values of the parameters. We also prove that the solution decays to zero, as t→+∞, with the same rate of the solution of the limit problem of parabolic type.     

Existence of Insensitizing Controls for a Semilinear Heat Equation with a Superlinear Nonlinearity

Abstract

In this paper we consider a semilinear heat equation (in a bounded domain Ω of ? ^N ) with a nonlinearity that has a superlinear growth at infinity. We prove the existence of a control, with support in an open set ω ? Ω, that insensitizes the L ² ? norm of the observation of the solution in another open subset 𝒪 ? Ω when ω ∩ 𝒪 ≠ ?, under suitable assumptions on the nonlinear term f(y) and the right hand side term ξ of the equation. The proof, involving global Carleman estimates and regularizing properties of the heat equation, relies on the sharp study of a similar linearized problem and an appropriate fixed-point argument. For certain superlinear nonlinearities, we also prove an insensitivity result of a negative nature. The crucial point in this paper is the technique of construction of L ^r -controls (r large enough) starting from insensitizing controls in L ².