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1.
A method is described for the determination of neptunium and plutonium in process solutions. This involves the separation
of these elements followed by their spectrophotometric determination as Arsenazo III complexes. Neptunium(IV) and plutonium(IV)
are separated using TTA extraction method and the separated Np(IV) and Pu(IV) are then determined as their Arzenazo III complexes
in 5M HNO3. A few solutions obtained by dissolving irradiated fuels were analysed for plutonium and neptunium using this method and
the results were compared with those obtained by other methods. An attempt was made to use Arsenazo III to determine uranium
in the plant solutions. 相似文献
2.
Zhu Zhaowu He Jianyu Zhang Zefu Zhang Yu Zhu Jianmin Zhen Weifang 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2005,262(3):707-711
Hydroxyurea dissolved in nitric acid can strip plutonium and neptunium from tri-butyl phosphate efficiently and has little influence on the uranium distribution between the two phases. Simulating the 1B contactor of the Purex process by hydroxyurea with nitric acid solution as a stripping agent, the separation factors of uranium/plutonium and uranium/neptunium can reach values as high as 4.7·104 and 260, respectively. This indicates that hydroxyurea is a promising salt free agent for uranium/plutonium and uranium/neptunium separations. 相似文献
3.
Zhu Zhaowu He Jianyu Zhang Zefu Zhang Yu Zhu Jianmin Zhen Weifang 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2004,262(3):707-711
Hydroxyurea dissolved in nitric acid can strip plutonium and neptunium from tri-butyl phosphate efficiently and has little influence on the uranium distribution between the two phases. Simulating the 1B contactor of the Purex process by hydroxyurea with nitric acid solution as a stripping agent, the separation factors of uranium/plutonium and uranium/neptunium can reach values as high as 4.7·104 and 260, respectively. This indicates that hydroxyurea is a promising salt free agent for uranium/plutonium and uranium/neptunium separations. 相似文献
4.
L. F. Bellido V. J. Robinson H. E. Sims 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1993,172(1):107-115
A new chemical method based in two separation steps was developed to isolate235Np from uranium targets irradiated with charged particles. Neptunium and plutonium are separated from uranium and most of the fission products by ion exchange. Then, neptunium is isolated from plutonium and remaining contaminants by extraction chromatography with tributyl phosphate in hydrochloric acid solution. High decontamination was achieved. 相似文献
5.
A. P. Novikov St. N. Kalmykov E. V. Kuzovkina B. F. Myasoedov K. Fujiwara A. Fujiwara 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2009,280(3):629-634
Evolution of actinide partitioning to colloids upon subsurface migration in the vicinity of Karachay Lake (PA “Mayak”, Russia)
was studied by micro- and ultrafiltration and sequential extraction. Colloidal matter was characterized by SEM-EDX, TEM and
photon-correlation spectroscopy. Samples were collected from wells with different redox conditions i.e. from higly oxic to
rather reducing. Under oxidizing conditions uranium and neptunium is readily washed out from colloids. Plutonium and americium
are present in colloidal matter mainly as hard-soluble species. Under oxidizing conditions plutonium and americium are predominantly
bound to organic/mineral fractions (carbonates, oxides and organically bound). Under reducing conditions plutonium and americium
are present in immobile refractory fraction. It was also established that uranium and neptunium under reducing conditions
behave similarly to plutonium. This phenomenon may be explained by the fact that under reducing conditions and at considerable
concentrations of uranium and nitrite-ions these elements form low-soluble An(IV) forms. 相似文献
6.
N. Srinivasan M. V. Ramaniah S. K. Patil V. V. Ramakrishna 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1971,8(2):223-229
The solutions at various stages of the purex process used at Trombay have been analysed for their237Np content to know the path of neptunium in the process. The results of these analyses, though not very quantitative, revealed
that in the co-decontamination cycle, neptunium is extracted along with uranium and plutonium almost quantitatively while
in the partitioning cycle the extraction is reduced to about 50%. Analysis of various oxidation states of neptunium in the
feed of the first cycle showed that neptunium is predominantly present as Np(V). 相似文献
7.
T. Kimura 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1990,139(2):307-314
The reaction of neptunium, plutonium and americium with oxidizing or reducing agents in phosphoric acid solution has been studied to design a separation procedure of the actinide elements using coprecipitation with bismuth phosphate. In the presence of uranium, successive separation of neptunium, plutonium, americium and curium was accomplished by combining the coprecipitation and redox reaction of the elements. The coprecipitation behaviour of fission products during the course of sequential separation of the actinide elements on bismuth phosphate was also discussed. 相似文献
8.
The possibility of using di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phosphoric acid (HDEHP) in solvent extraction for the separation of neptunium,
plutonium, americium and curium from large amounts of uranium was studied. Neptunium, plutonium, americium and curium (as
well as uranium) were extracted from HNO3, whereafter americium and curium were back-extracted with 5M HNO3. Thereafter was neptunium back-extracted in 1M HNO3 containing hydroxylamine hydronitrate. Finally, plutonium was back-extracted in 3M HCl containing Ti(III). The method separates238Pu from241Am for α-spectroscopy. For ICP-MS analysis, the interferences from238U are eliminated: tailing from238U, for analysis of237Np, and the interference of238UH+ for analysis of239Pu. The method has been used for the analysis of actinides in samples from a spent nuclear fuel leaching and radionuclide
transport experiment. 相似文献
9.
P. Tkac B. Matteson J. Bruso A. Paulenova 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2008,277(1):31-36
The advanced separation extraction process based on tri-n-butyl phosphate organic phase called UREX is being developed to
separate uranium from fission products and other actinides, and the acetohydroxamic acid (AHA) is employed to reduce and complex
plutonium and neptunium in order to decrease their distribution to the TBP-organic phase. In this study, the extraction of
uranium was performed from various aqueous matrices with different concentrations of HNO3, LiNO3, and AHA. Extraction of uranium increases with increasing both initial HNO3 and total nitrate concentration. UV-VIS spectrophotometry confirmed that AHA is involved in the complex of uranium with TBP. 相似文献
10.
The analysis of actinides and radiostrontium in animal tissue samples is very important for environmental monitoring. There is a need to measure actinide isotopes and strontium with very low detection limits in animal tissue samples, including fish, deer, hogs, beef and shellfish. A new, rapid separation method has been developed that allows the measurement of plutonium, neptunium, uranium, americium, curium and strontium isotopes in large animal tissue samples (100–200 g) with high chemical recoveries and effective removal of matrix interferences. This method uses stacked TEVA Resin®, TRU Resin® and DGA Resin® cartridges from Eichrom Technologies (Darien, IL, USA) that allows the rapid separation of plutonium (Pu), neptunium (Np), uranium (U), americium (Am), and curium (Cm) using a single multi-stage column combined with alphaspectrometry. Strontium is collected on Sr Resin® from Eichrom Technologies (Darien, IL, USA). After acid digestion and furnace heating of the animal tissue samples, the actinides and 89/90Sr are separated using column extraction chromatography. This method has been shown to be effective over a wide range of animal tissue matrices. Vacuum box cartridge technology with rapid flow rates is used to minimize sample preparation time. 相似文献
11.
As an application of a TBP/XAD-4 column for the analytical separation of uranium, neptunium, plutonium and americium, the elution behavior of these elements as a function of their redox reactions has been studied. Subsequently, two effective procedures to carry out a quantitative separation of the actinide elements from each other were established by combining extraction chromatography in the TBP-HNO3 system and the redox reactions of the actinide elements. 相似文献
12.
Mikhail Alyapyshev Vasiliy Babain Lyudmila Tkachenko 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2017,312(1):47-58
Solvents on the base of diamides of heterocyclic dicarboxylic acids are promising alternatives for studied Grouped ActiNide EXtraction (GANEX) solvents. Advantage of these ligands is the possibility of simultaneous extraction not only of residual uranium and plutonium, but also minor actinides—neptunium, americium and curium. Two flowsheets on the base of diamides of heterocyclic dicarboxylic acids for separation of actinides form acidic solutions were developed, tested in laboratory scale and compared. Both flowsheets allow separation of more than 99.95% of actinides from raffinates with high content of lanthanides. 相似文献
13.
F. Zantuti S. A. Ivanova Yu. P. Novikov B. F. Myasoedov 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1990,143(2):397-401
Conditions for neptunium recovery from nitrate solution containing large amounts of uranium by extraction with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-pyrazolone-5 (PMBP), and a mixture of PMBP with di-2-ethyl-hexylphosphoric acid (HDEHP) were studied. A two-stage technique, based on removal of uranium macroamounts at the first stage by means of extraction of uranium with PMBP and HDEHP mixture, and neptunium extraction by PMBP at the second stage, was suggested. 相似文献
14.
A. S. Paschoa J. D. T. Arruda Neto 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1992,156(2):297-311
Photofission and electrofission cross sections for fissionable isotopes of uranium, thorium, plutonium and other actinides have been known for several decades. Published data on electrofission and photofission reactions for energies lower than 60 MeV indicate that the238U cross sections range from a fraction of one mbarn up to about 2.0 mbam for the first of these reactions, and for the second is about 150 nbarn. However, the use of photofission and electrofission as analytical tools to measure uranium, thorium, plutonium and other fissionable actinides is still quite recent. This work examines the potential use of photofission and electrofission to measure thorium, uranium, neptunium, plutonium, americium and curium in environmental and biological samples.Work partially supported by FINEP, CNPq, FAPERJ (ASP), and FAPESP (JDTAN). 相似文献
15.
T. Sotobayashi T. Suzuki H. Kudo 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1977,36(1):145-152
Polyethyleneglycol (PEG) and its derivatives of high molecular weight were found to be employed as useful extractants for
the solvent extraction of uranium. The extraction behaviors of uranium and neptunium were investigated, particularly concerning
the dependence of the extractibility of uranium(VI) on the molecular weight of PEG. A dominating species of the extracted
uranium(VI) thiocyanate complexes was assumed to be NH4 UO2(SCN)3·(PEG). The extraction of protactinium was also preliminarily studied. The extraction of these actinides from an acidic thiocyanate
solution increased in the order: uranium(VI)>protactinium(V)>neptunium(V). 相似文献
16.
Henri-Jean Cristau Patrick Mouchet Jean-Franois Dozol Hlne Rouquette 《Heteroatom Chemistry》1995,6(6):533-544
A recurrent method for synthesis of diphosphine dioxides to be used for extraction of actinides from acidic aqueous solution is described. Selective phosphonium salt formation and cleavage permits the stepwise introduction of different bridges between the phosphorus atoms as well as various chains on them. The influence of the structural parameters on liquid-liquid extraction properties of plutonium, neptunium, and americium is studied. Plutonium and neptunium can be efficiently removed from radioactive contaminated liquid wastes, using the supported liquid membranes technology with the more lipophilic organophosphorus extractants. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
17.
Several compositions of Th2-x/2AnIVx/2(PO4)2(HPO4).H2O (An=U, Np, Pu) were prepared through hydrothermal precipitation from a mixture of nitric solutions containing cations and concentrated phosphoric acid. All the samples were fully characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV-vis, and infrared spectroscopies to check for the existence of thorium-actinide(IV) phosphate hydrogenphosphate hydrates solid solutions. Such compounds were obtained as single phases, up to x=4 for uranium, x=2 for neptunium, and x<4 for plutonium, the cations being fully maintained in the tetravalent oxidation state. In a second step, the samples obtained after heating crystallized precursors at high temperature (1100 degrees C) were characterized. Single-phase thorium-actinide(IV) phosphate-diphosphate solid solutions were obtained up to x=0.8 for Np(IV) and x=1.6 for Pu(IV). For higher substitution rates, polyphase systems composed by beta-TAnPD, An2O(PO4)2, and/or alpha-AnP2O7 were formed. Finally, this hydrothermal route of preparation was applied successfully to the synthesis of an original phosphate-based compound incorporating simultaneously tetravalent uranium, neptunium and plutonium. 相似文献
18.
K. Južnič Š. Fedina M. Senegačnik 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1976,30(2):419-424
The extraction of plutonium(VI) and plutonium(III) from sulphuric acid by TOA in toluene has been studied as a function of
the acid and tri-octyl amine concentration. A comparison of the extraction properties of plutonium with those of uranium(VI)
and uranium(IV) has been made. It was found that the extraction properties of plutonium(VI) are very similar to those of uranium(VI)
and that TOA is a relatively poor extractant for plutonium(III). Uranium(IV) shows better extraction properties than plutonium(III).
The results obtained are considered in the light of the stabilities of the complexes formed by these elements in the organic
and aqueous phase. A method of separation of both elements by solvent extraction based on changing their oxidation states
is suggested. 相似文献
19.
A. Jensen 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2001,249(3):527-533
Procedures for determination of neptunium in marine sediment and seawatersamples are described. Iron hydroxide Fe(OH)2 –Fe(OH)3 is used for preliminary pre-concentration of neptunium. Secondly,neptunium Np4+ and Pu3+ are separated by tri-isooctylamine-(TIOA)extraction in 8–10M HCl by redox with SO3
2–-Fe3+ Neptunium Np4+ and uranium U6+ areseparated by back extraction the Np4+ with 2M HCl. Finally, theneptunium is purified from the uranium and thorium by anion exchange in 8MHNO3 and 12M HCl. The stripping of 6M HCl + NH2 OH HClfurther separates the neptunium Np3+ and uranium. Reduction bySO 32– –Fe3+ appeared to be an efficientway to obtain Np4+ The decontamination factors of the procedureare 4.0. 104 for 232 Th, 5.6 . 104 for uraniumand 1.6 . 104 for plutonium. 相似文献
20.
G. M. Nair G. R. Mahajan D. R. Prabhu 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1996,204(1):103-111
Two isomeric monoamides, dioctyl butyramide (DOBA) and dioctyl isobutyramide (DOIBA) were synthesized for extracting uranium(VI) and plutonium(IV) from aqueous nitric acid medium into various diluents such asn-dodecane, tertiary butyl benzene and xylene. DOBA extracted uranium(VI) and plutonium(IV) efficiently whereas DOIBA extracted uranium(VI) with negligible extraction for plutonium(IV). Both these cations were extracted as their disolvates. The thermodynamic parameters involved in the extraction determined by the temperature variation method indicated the reactions in all cases to be enthalpy favoured and entropy disfavoured. Possibility of separating micrograms of plutonium(IV) from macroquantities of uranium(VI) using the mixture of these amides was explored. 相似文献