Gd3(Al,Ga)5O12:Ce晶体生长与闪烁性能研究

掺铈钆铝镓石榴石(Gd₃(Al, Ga)₅O₁₂∶Ce,简称GAGG∶Ce)闪烁晶体是近年来发现的一种新型稀土闪烁晶体,具有光输出高、能量分辨率高、衰减时间短、无自辐射和不潮解等优点,在核医学成像、安检和环境监测等领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文报道了GAGG∶Ce晶体的提拉法生长与闪烁性能表征。利用高温固相反应法合成GAGG∶Ce原料,采用XRD对合成的原料进行了物相分析,结果表明,在1 500℃下煅烧12 h合成的多晶料为纯GAGG相。利用提拉法生长出尺寸?50 mm×90 mm的GAGG∶Ce晶体,测试了其透过光谱、X射线激发发射光谱和脉冲高度谱,结果表明,7 mm厚样品550 nm的透过率为81.5%,晶体X射线激发发射峰中心波长位于550 nm,晶体的光输出为59 000 photons/MeV,能量分辨率为6.2%@662 keV,晶体衰减时间快分量为149 ns,慢分量为748 ns。     

Ce∶GAGG与CsI(Tl)闪烁晶体性能对比研究

研究了不同反射层封装方式和与Si-PM不同耦合方式对Ce∶GAGG和CsI(Tl)闪烁晶体光输出和能量分辨率的影响,比较了Ce∶GAGG和CsI(Tl)闪烁晶体的透过率和衰减时间。实验结果表明:通过优化闪烁晶体的反射层材料和耦合方式,能大幅度提高Ce∶GAGG和CsI(Tl)闪烁晶体的光收集效率;Ce∶GAGG闪烁晶体的光输出、能量分辨率、透过率、衰减时间指标均优于CsI(Tl)闪烁晶体。Ce∶GAGG闪烁晶体使用TiO₂反射层材料封装和硅脂耦合,测试得到¹³⁷Cs放射源在662 keV最佳能量分辨率为4.89%。     

掺铈硅酸钆闪烁晶体的研究进展与发展方向

本文综述了铈离子掺质硅酸钆(Ce:Gd2SiO5)闪烁晶体的结构、闪烁性能、闪烁机理及晶体生长的研究现状,重点讨论了Ce:GSO闪烁晶体生长的研究进展;提出了硅酸钆闪烁晶体未来研究发展的几个方向为:大尺寸晶体的生长、高光输出的研究、混合型硅酸钆晶体的研究等.     

LuAlO3∶Ce闪烁晶体的研究进展

本文总结了铝酸镥(LuAlO3∶Ce简称LuAP∶Ce,P表示该晶体为赝钙钛矿结构)闪烁晶体的晶体结构、闪烁性能、闪烁机理与晶体生长的研究现状,重点阐述了目前晶体生长及其性能研究取得的进展,然后分析了目前文献报道晶体中存在的问题,提出了铝酸镥闪烁晶体未来研究发展的几个方向.     

LuAlO3：Ce闪烁晶体的研究进展

本文总结了铝酸镥（LuAlO3：Ce简称LuAP：Ce，P表示该晶体为赝钙钛矿结构）闪烁晶体的晶体结构、闪烁性能、闪烁机理与晶体生长的研究现状，重点阐述了目前晶体生长及其性能研究取得的进展，然后分析了目前文献报道晶体中存在的问题，提出了铝酸镥闪烁晶体未来研究发展的几个方向。     

硅酸镥闪烁晶体的研究进展与发展方向

本文首先综述了硅酸镥(Ce:Lu2SiO5)闪烁晶体的晶体结构、闪烁性能、闪烁机理与晶体生长的研究现状,重点阐述了目前的三种晶体生长工艺及其取得的研究进展,然后分析了目前文献报道晶体中存在的问题,提出了硅酸镥闪烁晶体未来研究发展的几个方向为:各向异性研究、开拓新的生长方法、类质同象置换与发光均匀性、晶体余辉及发光机理的研究.     

LYSO∶Ce闪烁晶体的研究进展

铈掺杂硅酸钇镥(LYSO∶Ce)晶体显示出优异的闪烁性能,并在核医学、高能物理及安全检查等领域具有广泛应用。本文综述了LYSO∶Ce闪烁晶体的晶体结构、发光机制、晶体生长存在的主要问题以及LYSO∶Ce晶体可能的发展方向。同时,梳理了LYSO∶Ce晶体生长过程中常见问题及对应的解决方案,并进一步讨论了Ce³⁺占位情况以及Ce⁴⁺与闪烁性能之间的关系。此外还展示了本团队在LYSO∶Ce晶体生长的最新研究成果,使用中频感应提拉炉生长出尺寸为φ95.42 mm×200 mm的LYSO∶Ce闪烁晶体。     

LaBr3:Ce闪烁晶体的生长及性能研究

掺铈溴化镧(LaBr3:Ce)闪烁晶体具有光输出高、衰减时间短、能量分辨率高等优异特性,在核医学成像、地质勘探、石油测井、空间物理等核辐射探测领域具有广阔的应用前景.本文采用改进的坩埚下降法,利用自发成核成功地生长了Ce3+掺杂浓度5.0at;、尺寸φ50 mm×60 mm的LaBr3:Ce闪烁晶体,测试了晶体的光输出、能量分辨率和衰减时间等闪烁性能.结果表明,在137Cs(662 keV)放射源作用下,LaBr3:Ce晶体的光输出为同体积NaI:Tl晶体的155;,能量分辨率为3.3;,衰减时间为25 ns.     

稀土元素(Ce、Nd和Eu)掺杂Bi4Si3O12晶体的生长与性能

本文采用坩埚下降法生长出20mm×20mm×100mm优质Bi4Si3O12晶体及Ce、Nd和Eu掺杂Bi4Si3O12晶体.测试了晶体的透射光谱、能谱及光产额、FWHM能量分辨率和激发-发射光谱.总结并解释了掺杂影响Bi4Si3O12晶体闪烁性能的规律,探讨了掺杂改善晶体闪烁性能的可能性.     

LnX3型稀土卤化物闪烁晶体的闪烁性能

本文简要综述了LnX3型稀土卤化物闪烁晶体的发展历史与研究现状,对几种常见晶体(CeF3,LaF3,LuCl3,LaCl3,LuBr3,LaBr3)的物理、化学性质、晶体生长及闪烁性能等进行详细总结归纳,同时指出了当前具有优异闪烁性能的LaCl3:Ce和LaBr3:Ce晶体亟待解决的问题、未来的发展方向及其广阔的应用前景.     

The structures of three trimethylarsine-boron trihalide adducts: (CH3)3AsBCl3, (CH3)3AsBBr3, and (CH3)3AsBI3

An X-ray structure analysis of three trimethylarsine-boron trihalide adducts has been undertaken. Crystals of (CH₃)₃AsBCl₃ and (CH₃)₃AsBBr₃ are monoclinic with space groupP2₁/m (No. 11) withZ=2 while those of (CH₃)₃AsBI₃ are orthorhombic with space groupPnma (No. 62) withZ=4. For (CH₃)₃AsBCl₃,a=6.497(3) Å,b=10.735(3) Å,c=7.070(2) Å,=111.8(3)°,V=458.4(3) ų,R=0.0343. For (CH₃)₃AsBBr₃,a=6.672(4) Å,b=11.135(7) Å,c=7.199(4) Å,=111.5(1)°,V=497.7(5) ų,R=0.0434. For (CH₃)₃ÅsBI₃,a=13.113(7) Å,b=11.733(5) Å,c=7.387(3) Å,V=1136.5(5) ų,R=0.0329. The As-B bond lengths are 2.065(6), 2.04(1), and 2.03(1) Å, respectively, for the chloride, bromide, and iodide. These and other structural parameters are discussed with reference to previous predictions based on vibrational spectra and previous structural studies on the trimethyl-phosphine and trimethylamine adducts.     

Infrared vibrational Modes in Tl3SbS3, Tl3AsS3, and Tl3AsSe3 crystals

Reflectivity spectra of Tl₃SbS₃, Tl₃AsS₃, and Tl₃AsSe₃ crystals have been investigated in the wave number range 50–600 cm⁻¹ for the polarizations E∥c and E⟂c. The fundamental phonon parameters, the limiting dielectric constants ϵ_∞ and ϵ_S and the reflectivity spectra contours have been calculated by using classical dispersion relations for both E∥c and E⟂c configurations. The Szigeti effective charges and the relative ion charges of As, Tl, Sb, Se, S anions and cations have been calculated in dependence on the incident light polarization.     

Crystal and molecular structures of three trimethylamine-boron halide adducts: (CH3)3NBCl3, (CH3)3NBBr3, and (CH3)3NBI3

X-ray diffraction data from single crystals of the trimethylamine complexes of the three boron halides, BCl₃, BBr₃, and BI₃, lead to aP2₁/m monoclinic cell containing two molecules for each complex. The unit cell dimensions area = 6·68(1),b = 10·247(3),c = 6·502(6) Å, =116·2(1)° (chloro);a = 6·86(1),b = 10·612(4),c = 6·737(6) Å, = 115·8(1)° (bromo);a = 6·92(2),b = 10·86(1),c = 7·147(6) Å, = 93·9(1)° (iodo). The structures were solved by three-dimensional sharpened Patterson functions and show only the chloro and bromo compounds to be isomorphous. Refinement of 662,718 and 954 observed reflexions for the chloro, bromo and iodo complexes, respectively, using anisotropic thermal parameters yielded conventionalR factors of 0·045, 0·087 and 0·054.The molecules are shown to possess a B—N dative bond, a staggered conformation, and effective 3m (C _3v) symmetry. Average C—N bond lengths are 1·52(1) Å for all three complexes. Boronhalogen bond lengths average 1·864(4), 2·04(2) and 2·28(2) Å, while B—N bond distances are 1·609(6), 1·60(2) and 1·58(3) Å, respectively, for the chloro through iodo compounds. Bond angles are approximately tetrahedral with the C—N—C angle decreasing by several degrees in the Cl Br I series.Based in part on a dissertation submitted by Patty H. Clippard to the Rackham School of Graduate Studies of the University of Michigan, January 1969 in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Ph.D. Degree.     

Second harmonic generation properties of Ca3(O3C3N3)2 ‐Sr3(O3C3N3)2 solid solutions

Solid solutions of the second harmonic generation (SHG) materials Ca₃(O₃C₃N₃)₂ (CCY) and Sr₃(O₃C₃N₃)₂ (SCY) were prepared via exothermic solid state metathesis reactions from appropriate amounts of the corresponding metal chlorides and potassium cyanate at 525 °C. The change in SHG intensity caused by the successive cation substitution is reported. Differential thermal analyses are used to explore the SCY–K(OCN) phase diagram as a medium for the growth of SCY crystals.     

Crystal Growth and Spectroscopic Characterisation of BiB3O6:RE3+ (RE3+ = Pr3+, Nd3+, Gd3+, Er3+, Tm3+)

Large single crystals of optical quality of BiB₃O₆:RE³⁺ (RE³⁺ = Pr³⁺, Nd³⁺, Gd³⁺, Er³⁺, Tm³⁺) were grown from nearly stoichiometric melts using the top‐seeding growth technique to dimensions up to 12 x 12 x 18 mm³. Absorption spectra were measured in the wavelength range from 10000 cm^‐1 to 30000 cm^‐1 with an absorption spectrometer to estimate the doping concentration of RE³⁺. For the determination of the phonon energies and the quenching behaviour of the host lattice IR and Raman spectra were recorded.     

Growth and characteristic of Sr3Tb(BO3)3 crystal

A new borate single crystal of Sr₃Tb(BO₃)₃ with dimension Ф20×25 mm² has been grown by the Czochralski method. The grown crystal was characterized by DTA–TGA, FTIR and X-ray powder diffraction analysis. The results showed the crystal with [BO₃]^3? is congruently melting at 1351.35 °C which belongs to hexagonal structure. The hardness of Sr₃Tb(BO₃)₃ crystal is 422.5 VDH, and is equal to 5.0 moh. The thermal expansion coefficients were determined to be 2.08×10^?5/°C along (1 0 0) direction and 7.43×10^?6/°C along (0 0 1) direction and the transmission spectrum was measured in 320–1800 nm at room temperature. The magnetic properties of the single crystal were studied which showed its paramagnetism and magnetic anisotropy. The specific Faraday rotation of single crystal was measured at room temperature in 532, 633, and 1064 nm wavelength. The Verdet constants and magneto-optical figures of merit were investigated. The primary emphasis is laid to explore a new magneto-optical material, all the magneto-optical properties of Sr₃Tb(BO₃)₃ are comparing to the ones of TGG.     

Growth and magnetic‐optical properties of Sr3Gd(BO3)3 and Sr3TbxGd1‐x(BO3)3 single crystals

Single crystals of Sr₃Gd(BO₃)₃ (SGB) and Sr₃Tb_xGd_1‐x(BO₃)₃ (TSGB) with dimension Ø 20 mm×20 mm have been grown by Czochralski method. The grown crystals were characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction analysis which showed the crystals belong to hexagonal structure with lattice parameters of a=b=1.254 nm, c=0.926 nm (SGB) and a=b=1.253 nm, c=0.925 nm (TSGB). In TSGB, x=17.7% was obtained by X‐ray fluorometry which showed the segregation coefficient of Tb is closed to 1. The transmission spectrum was measured, which indicated the crystals have high transmittance in 400‐1100 nm region. The Faraday rotation of single crystals at 532 nm wavelength was measured at room temperature. Finally, the Verdet constants were investigated, (SGB) V=17.9 degcm^‐1T^‐1 and (TSGB) V=21.3 degcm^‐1T^‐1. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Tb3+,Yb3+共掺杂LuBO3荧光粉的下转换发光

利用水热法成功合成了近红外量子剪裁荧光粉LuBO3∶15;Tb3+,x; Yb3+(x=0,1,2,4,8,12).通过X射线衍射(XRD)、光致发光谱(PL)、激发谱(PLE)和荧光寿命测试了合成物质的物相结构与发光性质.在286 nm(Tb3+∶7 F6→5D)紫外光激发下,观察到了Tb3∶5D4→7Fj(J=6,5,4,3)可见波段特征发射光和Yb3+:2F5/2→2F7/2的近红外光.研究了Yb3+浓度与激发发射光谱和荧光寿命之间的关系,表明Tb3+和Yb3+之间存在能量传递.当Tb3和Yb3+掺杂摩尔浓度分别为15;和2;时,近红外发射最强.计算得知,其最大下转换量子效率为160.74;.     

3-Methyl-3a,4-Dihydro-3H-Thiochromeno[4,3-c]isoxazol

Abstract  The crystal structure of the title compound, C₁₁H₁₁NOS, was determined by an X-ray diffraction analysis. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c with cell parameters a = 10.533(2) ?, b = 12.7826(19) ?, c = 7.6491(17) ?, β = 107.997(17)^°, V = 979.5(3) ?³ and Z = 4. The S containing heterocycle adopts a sofa conformation, whereas the 5-membered ring adopts an envelope conformation. The crystal packing is characterized by weak C–H···N contacts and π-stacking interactions. Graphical Abstract  The title compound, 3-methyl-3a,4-dihydro-3H-thiochromeno[4,3-c]isoxazol was synthesized by an 1,3 dipolar cycloaddition reaction and its crystal structure determined. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the aromatic 6-membered ring is planar, whereas the ring containing the S atom adopts a sofa conformation and the 5-membered ring an envelope conformation. The methyl group is in an equatorial position.