对流放电CO_2激光器的饱和特性

本文从微观的分子模型出发,得到了饱和强度的定量解析表达式。考虑了激励区气压、温度、流速的变化,计算了不同参量下激励区各点的饱和强度和小信号增益。分析讨论了气压、流速、气比、放电比功率对饱和强度及小信号增益的影响。并将饱和强度的计算结果与实验进行了比较,结果符合较好。     

气体激光中的对流效应

介质流动对于气体激光功率输出的大幅度提高,起着决定性的作用。分析表明:表征连续波激光的饱和强度和光功率密度(或小信号增益系数)均随流速而非线性地增大,并趋向各自的极限值;饱和强度的增加量约不超过10倍;光功率密度的大幅度增加起因于激励能在气流中的累积。这些结论与常用理论关于饱和强度随流速线性且无限地增大,光功率密度增大起因于饱和强度增大的结论并不相同。本文关于饱和强度随气流渡越时间变化的定量结果与流动CO₂气体激光饱和强度的测试结果相符。 关键词：     

饱和放大情形下光纤参量放大器的增益和带宽特性研究

利用龙格库塔法数值求解非线性耦合方程,研究了单抽运光纤参量放大器在增益饱和区的增益谱特性.通过比较考虑抽运光损耗与忽略抽运光损耗增益谱的差别,分析了抽运光损耗对增益谱的影响.此外,给出了在饱和放大区,信号光的增益谱与光纤长度、输入信号光功率、抽运光波长与零色散波长偏离之间的关系.发现在饱和放大区,增益的整体水平有所下降,增益谱的可用带宽相对于小信号放大有所减少,增益谱在可用带宽范围内出现了旁瓣.这些结果将对工作在饱和放大区的单抽运光参量放大器的设计提供有益的帮助.     

连续波抽运气体波导产生太赫兹激光的理论研究

基于速率方程理论,建立了光抽运气体波导产生太赫兹(THz)激光的能量转化模型,理论分析并求解得到抽运光吸收系数、THz小信号增益系数以及THz输出功率表达式.计算结果表明,THz输出功率随工作物质气压的升高先增加后逐渐减少,随抽运功率的增加、输出镜反射率的减小而增加;最佳工作气压随抽运功率的增大而增大;激发态粒子数以及THz光子通量随波导截面径向逐渐减小,而THz小信号增益系数逐渐增加;抽运饱和、弱抽运吸收与激发态工作物质对THz激光的吸收是限制激光转化效率提高的根源;基于该模型的计算结果与相关文献中的实验数据符合较好.     

康普顿型谐波自由电子激光器的增益与饱和特性

本文用微扰方法计算了电子分布函数，得到了康普顿型谐波自由电子激光器小信号增益及饱和增益的公式，最后对模型及结果进行了分析与讨论。     

光参量啁啾脉冲放大中时间同步抖动对增益稳定性的影响

 在考虑了光参量啁啾脉冲放大中的脉冲波形、相位失配和时间同步抖动情况下，给出了计算光参量啁啾脉冲放大增益特性更为完善的三波耦合理论模型。并在1 ns的时间同步抖动情况下，对比分析了光参量放大在小信号放大及饱和放大时的增益稳定性。光参量放大的时间同步抖动对增益影响非常大,使放大信号光脉冲的增益光谱发生了明显的偏移，波形不对称和整个增益降低；并且信号光光谱越宽，光参量放大间的时间同步抖动对其增益影响越严重；但随着参量放大增益饱和的出现和加深，信号光和抽运光之间的同步时间抖动对放大信号光的输出强度影响减弱，即在饱和放大处可以获得更稳定的放大信号光输出。     

XeCl激光器的增益特性

本文根据稳腔均匀加宽激光器的模型,按照激光器的输出功率与小信号增益系数g,恒定的吸收损耗系数a_o,饱和强度I_s,腔长L之间的近似关系式,利用变换输出耦合的方法,对采用紫外预电离的Blumlein快放电激励XeCl激光器的增益进行测量.并讨论了器件的最佳透过率.发现最佳透过率是泵浦功率的函数.     

光纤激光器中亮暗孤子对的传输特性

基于简化的光纤激光器模型,采用分步傅里叶方法,数值研究亮暗孤子对在光纤激光器中的传输特性。研究结果表明,在光纤激光器中,亮暗孤子对是否稳定存在与群速度色散有关,亮暗孤子对在零色散区可以保持波形不变的稳定传输。同时亮暗孤子对受光纤激光器的小信号增益系数、饱和能量、初始脉宽、偏振角度等因素的影响。小信号增益系数越大,饱和能量越大,则亮暗孤子对的峰值强度越大,脉宽越窄。当峰值强度增加到一定程度,亮暗孤子对发生分裂。偏振控制器可以控制亮暗孤子对的输出。本研究结果可为光纤激光器中亮暗孤子对信号源的产生研究提供一定的理论依据。     

磁场随机误差对自由电子激光增益和输出的影响

根据于敏教授的自由电子激光纵模统一理论,推导了磁场含有随机误差影响时光场的小信号增益和指数增益。并且结合曙光一号FEL装置,给出了指数增益区磁场随机误差σ与增益参数g_0的定标关系。同时利用三维WAGFEL程序详细地模拟计算了磁场随机误差对自由电子激光增益和饱和增益的影响。线性理论的结果得到了模拟计算的证实。     

光纤参量放大饱和增益特性研究

通过数值分析的方法推导出光纤参量放大饱和信号增益和信号输出功率的数学表达式.计算分三步, 首先数值求解描述参量放大过程的非线性耦合方程得出一系列数值, 然后用控制变量法找到饱和信号增益的函数形式, 最后用最小二乘法拟合出系数（与数字积分结果比较, 最大相对误差不超过0.46‰）.同样也得出了饱和信号输出功率的表达式.计算结果与已有实验结果相吻合.     

Gain and saturation intensity parameters in a transverse-flow CO2 laser

Details of an experimental investigation of the output characteristics of the 1.2 kW cw transverse-flow, electrically excited CO₂ laser are presented. They were used for estimation of the saturation intensity and the laser cavity loss values, as they follow from the Rigrod-type model of laser operation. The saturation intensity parameter was calculated from measurements of the output power and small signal gain performed with the same experimental conditions. Measurements of the small signal gain were conducted at different points along the gas flow direction for several laser operational parameters described by gas pressure and input electrical power.     

Resonant oscillations of a gas in an open tube in the shock-free wave mode

Nonlinear gas oscillations excited in an open tube by a flat piston at one of the tube ends are studied. The sinusoidal piston oscillations in the shock-free wave mode are created by a vibration exciter near the first eigenfrequency. Expressions for gas pressure oscillations are obtained for a tube with a nonrounded end without a flange and secondary flow velocity components. The influence of the piston displacement amplitude on the pressure range and secondary flow velocity of gas is studied. The theoretical calculations of the gas pressure are compared with experimental data. An estimate for the velocity of particle motion along the tube axis is presented with calculated values of the secondary flow velocity.     

层流等离子体射流温度与速度测量

本文分别应用光谱诊断、水冷皮托管及小尺寸杆状热流探针,对自由射入空气中的纯氩层流等离子体射流中心最高温度、滞止压力以及最大热流密度进行了测量,由测量结果导出了层流射流的中心最大速度,得到了射流气体温度和速度的轴向分布及其随工作电流和气流量变化的一些规律,探讨了气体的温度和速度对其向探针表面换热系数的影响。     

Effective erosion coefficient and plasma velocity limitation in the channel of an electromagnetic rail accelerator

The concept of an effective erosion coefficient, which takes into account the capture and entrainment in motion (by accelerated plasma) of only part of the erosion mass lost by rail accelerator electrodes, is introduced to describe the plasma acceleration dynamics in the channel of an electromagnetic rail accelerator. This parameter is determined from a comparison of the experimental and calculated plasma velocities at the stage of velocity saturation. The plasma velocity is calculated using a model that takes into account the pressure force of a shock-compressed gas and the deceleration force that appears during the capture of the erosion mass by a plasma piston. The ratio of the captured mass to the mass lost by the electrodes is found to depend on the current; for copper, this ratio is 1/4–2/3. The effective erosion coefficient is 0.6–0.7 mg/C at a current of ～40 kA.     

多普勒漂移对超音速燃气流光辐射特性计算的影响

分析了超音速射流由于高速相对运动产生多普勒谱线漂移效应对光辐射特性计算的影响。通过采用逐线计算法对不同环境压力、气流温度、气流速度条件下超音速燃气射流在不同的红外光谱区(2.7微米谱带和4.3微米谱带)光辐射谱带积分强度的计算结果比较表明:多普勒漂移效应受环境总压影响最大,压力越大多普勒漂移的影响越小;随着温度升高多普勒漂移效应的影响降低;随着相对速度的增加,多普勒漂移效应的影响多数情况下是增加的。     

Momentengleichungen für Plasmen mit anisotropem Neutralgasdruck und anisotropem Ionendruck

Strongly non-Maxwellian and non-isotropic velocity distributions of the neutral atoms and of the ions occur in collisionless plasmas at high degrees of ionization, especially in gas discharges at low pressures and high current densities and in high temperature plasmas. The velocity distributions and the related velocity moments for the neutral gas and the ion gas are calculated. The influence of the magnetic fields on the ions is neglected. Especially, the pressure tensors and the heat flow tensors are investigated. The differential equations are given for the velocity moments of the velocity distribution. Additional terms occur in the equation of motion, if the pressure is non-isotropic and non-Cartesian coordinates are used. A heat flow tensor is evaluated that closes the system of differential equations for the neutral gas consistently and allows to rederive typical formulas of the molecular neutral gas flow. The heat flow tensor essentially determines the type of the differential equation system for the velocity moments. It is shown, that the neutral gas temperature is not constant across the plasma. Different statements deal with the heat flow tensor in the ion gas. In particular, non-vanishing ion temperature on the axis and a system of differential equations for the positive column under free-fall conditions are investigated. The inertia terms for the ion gas and the neutral gas must be taken into account in the pressure balance of the plasma.     

Gas flow characteristics of argon inductively coupled plasma and advections of plasma species under incompressible and compressible flows

In this work, incompressible and compressible flows of background gas are characterized in argon inductively coupled plasma by using a fluid model, and the respective influence of the two flows on the plasma properties is specified. In the incompressible flow, only the velocity variable is calculated, while in the compressible flow, both the velocity and density variables are calculated. The compressible flow is more realistic; nevertheless, a comparison of the two types of flow is convenient for people to investigate the respective role of velocity and density variables. The peripheral symmetric profile of metastable density near the chamber sidewall is broken in the incompressible flow. At the compressible flow, the electron density increases and the electron temperature decreases. Meanwhile, the metastable density peak shifts to the dielectric window from the discharge center, besides for the peripheral density profile distortion, similar to the incompressible flow.The velocity profile at incompressible flow is not altered when changing the inlet velocity, whereas clear peak shift of velocity profile from the inlet to the outlet at compressible flow is observed as increasing the gas flow rate. The shift of velocity peak is more obvious at low pressures for it is easy to compress the rarefied gas. The velocity profile variations at compressible flow show people the concrete residing processes of background molecule and plasma species in the chamber at different flow rates. Of more significance is it implied that in the usual linear method that people use to calculate the residence time, one important parameter in the gas flow dynamics, needs to be rectified. The spatial profile of pressure simulated exhibits obvious spatial gradient. This is helpful for experimentalists to understand their gas pressure measurements that are always taken at the chamber outlet. At the end, the work specification and limitations are listed.     

Semi-gas kinetics model for performance modeling of flowing chemical oxygen-iodine lasers (COIL)

The gas pressure in a laser cavity of flowing chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL)is about 133.31333 Pa[1]. In this pressure range, effects of homogeneous and inhomo-geneous broadening competing with each other on the performances of a COIL are no-ticeable. Generally, a rate equation (RE) model is adopted to the performance modeling of a supersonic COIL, such as in refs. [1—4]. This model assumes the spectral line pro-file is homogeneously broadened. Homogeneous broadening assumption sim…     

Effect of temporal pulsations of a turbulent flow on the flame velocity

Recently, a hypothesis has been proposed that temporal pulsations of a turbulent flow may explain the reduction and even saturation of the flame velocity at large turbulent intensities. However, the study was limited to very anisotropic flows. In this paper, we investigate the effect under more general conditions, which use the dependence of the velocity in the mean direction of propagation. Analytical formulae for the flame velocity in a time-dependent turbulent flow are obtained at low turbulent intensity and generalized to high intensity by using the renormalization method. These results are compared to numerical simulations. We show that the temporal pulsations do not lead to saturation of the flame velocity at high turbulent intensity, even if some effects appear at lower root-mean-square velocity.