块结构自适应网格上任意区域和任意界面的数值积分

研究块结构自适应网格上计算任意界面上和任意区域内的数值积分方法,其中任意界面和任意区域通过一个水平集函数表示.首先介绍在一致网格上任意界面上和任意区域内的数值积分方法.然后,将该方法推广到块结构的自适应网格上.数值算例表明,自适应网格方法有二阶精度.同一致网格方法相比,自适应网格方法显著地减少了计算机存储量的需求.     

构建光谱学精度的从头算偶极矩函数的基组依赖性

最近,人们对使用理论方法构建偶极矩函数给予了更多关注. 然而,构建偶极矩函数的计算方法并没有像势能面的计算方法那样得到充分测试. 本文以Ar-He为例,测试了如何用从头算方法构建达到光谱学精度的偶极矩函数. 特别关注了基组依赖性,即偶极矩函数随基组大小、基组叠加误差和键函数的收敛性. 本文还测试了显相关的方法在构建偶极矩函数的表现,相比传统方法,显相关方法在更小的基组即可收敛. 本文为使用不同从头算方法构建偶极矩函数提供了直观的对比.     

基于CT切片特征匹配的三维体重建

详细描述了医学解剖学切片图数据读取,特征提取和特征匹配.引入了解剖数据读取方法,叙述了切片匹配的两个过程:特征提取和特征匹配.提出了一种新的有效的特征匹配方法.所有切片图象在匹配之前首先进行了预处理(如滤波、二值化、细化等过程),特征是分区域进行提取的.匹配方法分两步,首先按照对应特征点之间距离的方法匹配特征点,然后用矩的方法进行切片之间匹配.体重建过程中还使用了三维等值面和插值方法.实验结果证实这种特征匹配方法不仅快速而且准确.     

二维管道充填过程的修正SPH模拟

通过施加一种密度初始化方法对传统光滑粒子动力学(SPH)方法进行修正,提出一种修正SPH方法.同时,为了提高边界上数值计算的准确性,提出一种新的固壁边界处理方法.通过修正SPH方法模拟液滴拉伸问题和溃坝问题,验证修正SPH方法的准确性和可靠性.随后,对研究很少的管道充填过程进行修正SPH模拟,并讨论Re对流场及涡的影响.数值结果表明,修正SPH方法能够准确模拟牛顿流体管道充填过程,且流动受Re的影响较大.     

基于蒙特卡罗模拟的射束硬化校正方法

传统的射束硬化校正方法, 通常需要针对每一种材料测量该材料对射线的吸收曲线. 由于吸收曲线对实验条件有很大的依赖性, 每当改变X光机电压或者被测工件的材料等条件时,需要重新测量吸收曲线才能完成硬化校正过程. 这种方法费事费时. 本文提出了基于蒙特卡罗模拟计算物质吸收曲线的硬化校正方法. 实验中, 分别用本方法和传统的硬化校正方法对铝工件进行硬化校正, 经过比较, 确认本方法是有效的. 然后用该方法对不同材料(铝、铁和铜)的工件进行校正. 实验结果表明, 本方法能有效消除各种材料工件图像中的硬化伪影, 是快速的和切实可行的.     

一种光栅光谱仪快速检修方法

针对光栅光谱仪常出现的问题,提出一种快速检修的方法.通过该方法,可以快速定位故障点,并进行修理,恢复光谱仪正常工作状态.根据WDS-8/8A型多功能光谱仪的构成,举例说明了该方法实施的步骤.该方法合理高效,对相关教学环节的顺利开展提供了良好的借鉴作用.     

一类带有未知参数的受扰混沌系统的观测器同步

在系统参数未知的情形下,观测器方法和自适应方法相结合,实现了一类受扰混沌系统的同步.借助于Lyapunov稳定性理论和Barbalat引理,给出了观测器的设计方法.此方法约束条件较少,适应于大部分常见的混沌系统.最后,通过对典型混沌系统的同步数值仿真,证实了方法的有效性和正确性. 关键词： 混沌系统 外界干扰 同步 观测器法     

氯化钯作基体改进剂GFAAS法测定中药材中微量铅的研究

建立了氯化钯作基体改进剂,石墨炉原子吸收测定中药材中微量铅的方法.对氯化钯用量、介质酸度、共存离子干扰及方法回收率、精密度、检出限进行了考查.氯化钯作基体改进剂对铅的改进效果优于磷酸二氢铵.方法回收率为90%～104%,精密度(RSD)＜5.0%,特征质量为8.5 pg,检出限为0.066 mg·kg-1.方法简单、灵敏、准确、可靠,值得推广.     

构造Birkhoff表示的广义Hojman方法

研究第一积分、Hojman方法及Birkhoff方程之间的内在联系. Hojman方法构造的Birkhoff函数(组)满足的一个特定关系, 对此关系加以分析得到更为一般的广义Hojman方法. 再将此关系与Birkhoff方程相结合, 导出Birkhoff系统Hojman意义下的循环积分. 举例说明结论的应用. 关键词： Birkhoff系统 Hojman方法 广义Hojman方法 循环积分     

浅谈物理科学方法教育的研究

一物理科学方法教育的现状分析 早在19世纪30年代国外便开始关注科学方法.国外科学方法教育发展的历程,可以分为五个阶段. 第一阶段是“注重科学方法的阶段”.John Herschel在1831年岀版的教育专著中集中论述了科学方法,该书使教育研究领域的专家学者对科学方法的本质产生了越来越大的兴趣,并触发了后续十年中与这一主题相关的出版物的大量涌现.到1870年,中学科学课程中的具体内容开始被抛弃.     

Modifying a graphene layer by a thymine or a uracil nucleobase: DFT studies

The hybridizations of a graphene layer by a thymine and a uracil nucleobase have been investigated by performing density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The isolated and hybrid structures have been firstly stabilized to reach the minimum energy and the electronic properties have been subsequently evaluated for the optimized structures. The structural and atomic scale parameters indicated that the tip of graphene is important in determining the properties of new hybrids. Moreover, different effects of thymine and uracil nucleobases have been identified in the hybrid structures. Quadrupole coupling constants have been evaluated to characterize the atomic scale properties, in which the most notable effects of hybridizations have been observed for the atoms close to the linking regions whereas negligible effects have been seen for other atoms.     

Using recurrence plot analysis to distinguish between endogenous and exogenous stock market crashes

Recurrence Plots are graphical tools based on Phase Space Reconstruction. Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA) is a statistical quantification of RPs. RP and RQA are good at working with non-stationarity and noisy data, in detecting changes in data behavior, in particular in detecting breaks, like a phase transition and in informing about other dynamic properties of a time series. Endogenous Stock Market Crashes have been modeled as phase changes in recent times. Motivated by this, we have used RP and RQA techniques for detecting critical regimes preceding an endogenous crash seen as a phase transition and hence give an estimation of the initial bubble time. We have used a new method for computing RQA measures with confidence intervals. We have also used the techniques on a known exogenous crash to see if the RP reveals a different story or not. The analysis is made on Nifty, Hong Kong AOI and Dow Jones Industrial Average, taken over a time span of about 3 years for the endogenous crashes. Then the RPs of all time series have been observed, compared and discussed. All the time series have been first transformed into the classical momentum divided by the maximum Xmax of the time series over the time window which is considered in the specific analysis. RPs have been plotted for each time series, and RQA variables have been computed on different epochs. Our studies reveal that, in the case of an endogenous crash, we have been able to identify the bubble, while in the case of exogenous crashes the plots do not show any such pattern, thus helping us in identifying such crashes.     

Magnetic field and currents in HTSC films

Magnetic field measurements above type-II superconductor films in a remanent magnetization state have been used to determine two dimensional surface current distributions. Using the Biot-Savart law for the surface current density, integral equations (of 2-D convolution type) for two components of current have been obtained. These equations have been solved by employing Tikhonov's method of generalized discrepancy, and the surface current pattern in superconductors as well as the magnetic field distribution on the film surface have been obtained. Current peculiarities related to various kinds of inhomogeneities, specific character of the film form, and a laser pulse effect have been observed. In particular, it was discovered that a laser pulse can signficantly redistribute the film currents without changing the total number of current vortices in the film.     

Oblique interaction of electrostatic nonlinear structures in relativistically degenerate dense magnetoplasmas

We have investigated the interaction of obliquely propagating ion acoustic solitary waves in a magnetoplasma with relativistically degenerate electrons. Using the quantum hydrodynamics model and by employing the extended Poincaré–Lighthill–Kuo technique, we have derived a set of Korteweg de Vries equations for two solitons. We have observed that the system under consideration allows the formation of only compressive solitons and their velocities remain in the sub-acoustic limit. Furthermore, phase shifts of solitons as a result of their interaction have been calculated. The phase shifts have been observed to be dependent on the obliqueness and the physical parameters of plasma. It has also been noticed that phase shifts remain negative for the whole range of parameters generally found in white dwarf stars. We have observed that the phase shifts enhance with the enhancement in number density, however, the converse happens when the magnetic field is enhanced. It has also been observed that the phase shift is slightly greater for the solitons that are less oblique as compared to their more oblique counterparts. Furthermore, we have estimated the spatial scales of interaction of solitons using the parameters found in white dwarf stars.     

Application of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry in plant science: Solutions,threats, and opportunities

X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry is a nondestructive, rapid, simultaneous multi-elemental imaging methodology for plant materials. Its applications are broad and cover most of the elements with varying concentration below the parts per million (ppm). XRF is a well-established atomic spectrometric technique that is also being used as a field portable instrumentation. In recent decades, XRF has been considered a very versatile tool for plant nutrition diagnosis due to its fast and multi-elemental analytical imaging response directly from a solid sample. In this review, we have mainly focused on the recent developments and advancements in XRF spectrometry to analyze plant materials. We have also included the fundamental aspects and instrumentation for XRF spectrometry for its use in plants imaging. We have also covered the use of XRF for vegetal tissues and plant leaves. Mainly, we have briefly focused on some features of sampling procedures and calibration strategies regarding the use of XRF for plant tissues. Microchemical imaging applications by XRF, μ-XRF, μ-SRXRF, and TXRF have been covered for a wide variety of plant tissues such as leaves, roots, stems, and seeds.     

Normal modes and quality factors of spherical dielectric resonators: I — shielded dielectric sphere

Electromagnetic theoretic analysis of shielded homogeneous and isotropic dielectric spheres has been made. Characteristic equations for the TE and TM modes have been derived. Dielectric spheres of radii of the order of μm size are found suitable for the optical frequency region whereas for the microwave region radii of the order of mm size are found suitable. Parameters suitable for their application in the optical and microwave frequency ranges have been used to compute the frequencies corresponding to the normal modes for the TE and TM modes. Expressions for the quality factors for realistic resonators, i.e., for a dielectric sphere with a non-zero conductivity and a metal shield with a finite conductivity have also been derived for the TE and TM modes. Computations of the quality factors have been made for resonators with parameters suitable for the optical and the microwave regions.     

Hierarchical structures of correlations networks among Turkey’s exports and imports by currencies

We have examined the hierarchical structures of correlations networks among Turkey’s exports and imports by currencies for the 1996–2010 periods, using the concept of a minimal spanning tree (MST) and hierarchical tree (HT) which depend on the concept of ultrametricity. These trees are useful tools for understanding and detecting the global structure, taxonomy and hierarchy in financial markets. We derived a hierarchical organization and build the MSTs and HTs during the 1996–2001 and 2002–2010 periods. The reason for studying two different sub-periods, namely 1996–2001 and 2002–2010, is that the Euro (EUR) came into use in 2001, and some countries have made their exports and imports with Turkey via the EUR since 2002, and in order to test various time-windows and observe temporal evolution. We have carried out bootstrap analysis to associate a value of the statistical reliability to the links of the MSTs and HTs. We have also used the average linkage cluster analysis (ALCA) to observe the cluster structure more clearly. Moreover, we have obtained the bidimensional minimal spanning tree (BMST) due to economic trade being a bidimensional problem. From the structural topologies of these trees, we have identified different clusters of currencies according to their proximity and economic ties. Our results show that some currencies are more important within the network, due to a tighter connection with other currencies. We have also found that the obtained currencies play a key role for Turkey’s exports and imports and have important implications for the design of portfolio and investment strategies.     

Computation with DNA on surfaces

DNA computation has the potential to tackle computationally difficult problems that have real-world implications. The parallel search capabilities of DNA make it a valuable tool to approach problems that have a large number of possible solutions, for which conventional computers have limited potential. Surface science can play a significant role in harnessing the parallel nature of DNA for computation. This article briefly reviews conventional computing architecture, discusses DNA computation, and describes the role of surface science in DNA computation.     

Nanostructuring by Energetic Ion Beams

Development of nanostructured materials has become of wide interest due to their exotic properties and interesting physics aspects. Energetic ions play a crucial role in the development of nano materials. Ions of different energy regimes have different roles in growth of nano particles. Low energy ions (typically up to a (kiloelectronvolt) keV) in plasma, have been in use for growth of nano particle thin films. Low energy ions (typically a few hundred (kiloelectronvolt) keV) from ion implanters are used for growth of nano particles in a matrix. High energy heavy ions (swift heavy ions) have been in use in recent years for growth of nanostructures and also for modifying nanostructures. Highly charged slow moving ions and focused ion beams too, have potential for creating nanostructures. Out of these several possible roles of energetic ions, there have been developments at NSC Delhi in growth of nanostructures by RF plasma, low energy ions and swift heavy.     

Extraction of ultra-low energy antiprotons from Penning traps

Approximately one million antiprotons have been captured in a large Penning trap at the Low Energy Antiproton Ring at CERN. These antiprotons have subsequently been cooled by electron cooling. This has opened new discussions of the possible use of ultra-low energy antiprotons for nuclear, atomic, and gravitational physics. For most of these experiments, it will be necessary to extract the antiprotons from the trap in a continuous or bunched beam, allowing the timing structure to be used for post-acceleration schemes or as a time tag for the subsequent measurements. We have designed an extraction scheme to accomplish this and have tested portions of it using a smaller Penning trap loaded with protons. First results in generating a time-correlated beam of particles from a Penning trap are presented.