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1.
The photophysical and nonlinear optical properties of water‐soluble chromophore‐functionalised tris‐dipicolinate complexes [LnL3]3? (Ln=Yb and Nd) are thoroughly studied, revealing that only the YbIII luminescence can be sensitized by a two‐photon excitation process. The stability of the complex in water is strongly enhanced by embedding in dispersible organosilicate nanoparticles (NPs). Finally, the spectroscopic properties of [NBu4]3[YbL3] are studied in solution and in the solid state. The high brightness of the NPs allows imaging them as single objects using a modified two‐photon microscopy setup in a NIR‐to‐NIR configuration.  相似文献   

2.
A series of electropolymerizable cyclometallated IrIII complexes were synthesized and their electrochemical and photophysical properties studied. The triphenylamine electropolymerizable fragment was introduced by using triphenylamine‐2‐phenylpyridine and, respectively, triphenylamine‐benzothiazole as cyclometalated ligands. The coordination sphere was completed by two differently substituted β‐ketoiminate ligands deriving from the condensation of acetylacetone or hexafluoroacetylacetone with para‐bromoaniline. The influence of the ‐CH3/‐CF3 substitution to the electrochemical and photophysical properties was investigated. Both complexes with CH3 substituted β‐ketoiminate were emissive in solution and in solid state. Highly stable films were electrodeposited onto ITO coated glass substrates. Their emission was quenched by electron trapping within the polymeric network as proven by electrochemical studies. The ‐CF3 substitution of the β‐ketoiminate leads instead to the quenching of the emission and inhibits electropolymerization.  相似文献   

3.
In this paper we demonstrate that the effect of aromatic C--F substitution in ligands does not always abide by conventional wisdom for ligand design to enhance sensitisation for visible lanthanide emission, in contrast with NIR emission for which the same effect coupled with shell formation leads to unprecedented long luminescence lifetimes. We have chosen an imidodiphosphinate ligand, N-{P,P-di(pentafluorophinoyl)}-P,P-dipentafluorophenylphosphinimidic acid (HF20tpip), to form ideal fluorinated shells about all visible- and NIR-emitting lanthanides. The shell, formed by three ligands, comprises twelve fully fluorinated aryl sensitiser groups, yet no-high energy X--H vibrations that quench lanthanide emission. The synthesis, full characterisation including X-ray and NMR analysis as well as the photophysical properties of the emissive complexes [Ln(F20tpip)3], in which Ln=Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Er, Yb, Y, Gd, are reported. The photophysical results contrast previous studies, in which fluorination of alkyl chains tends to lead to more emissive lanthanide complexes for both visible and NIR emission. Analysis of the fluorescence properties of the HF20tpip and [Gd(F20tpip)3] reveals that there is a low-lying state at around 715 nm that is responsible for partially quenching of the signal of the visible emitting lanthanides and we attribute it to a pi-sigma* state. However, all visible emitting lanthanides have long lifetimes and unexpectedly the [Dy(F20tpip)3] complex shows a lifetime of 0.3 ms, indicating that the elimination of high-energy vibrations from the ligand framework is particularly favourable for Dy. The NIR emitting lanthanides show strong emission signals in powder and solution with unprecedented lifetimes. The luminescence lifetimes of [Nd(F20tpip)3], [Er(F20tpip)3] and [Yb(F20tpip)3] in deuteurated acetonitrile are 44, 741 and 1111 micros. The highest value observed for the [Yb(F20tpip)3] complex is more than half the value of the Yb ion radiative lifetime.  相似文献   

4.
Bipyrimidines have been chosen as (N∧N)(N∧N) bridging ligands for connecting metal centers. IrIII-LnIII (Ln = Nd, Yb, Er) bimetallic complexes [Ir(dfppy)2(μ-bpm)Ln(TTA)3]Cl were synthesized by using Ir(dfppy)2(bpm)Cl as the ligand coordinating to lanthanide complexes Ln(TTA)3·2H2O. The stability constants between Ir(dfppy)2(bpm)Cl and lanthanide ions were measured by fluorescence titration. The obvious quenching of visible emission from IrIII complex in the IrIII-LnIII (Ln = Nd, Yb, Er) bimetallic complexes indicates that energy transfer occurred from IrIII center to lanthanides. NIR emissions from NdIII, YbIII, and ErIII were obtained under the excitation of visible light by selective excitation of the IrIII-based chromophore. It was proven that Ir(dfppy)2(bpm)Cl as the ligand could effectively sensitize NIR emission from NdIII, YbIII, and ErIII.  相似文献   

5.
Four kinds of luminescent hybrid soft gels have been assembled by introducing the lanthanide (Eu3+, Tb3+) tetrakis β‐diketonate into the covalently bonded imidazolium‐based silica through electrostatic interactions. Here, the imidazolium‐based silica matrices are prepared from imidazolium‐derived organotriethoxysilanes by the sol–gel process, in which the imidazolium cations are strongly anchored within the silica matrices while anions can still be exchanged following application for functionalization of lanthanide complexes. The photoluminescence measurements indicated that these hybrid soft gels exhibit characteristic red and green luminescence originating from the corresponding ternary lanthanide ions (Eu3+, Tb3+). Further investigation of photophysical properties reveals that these soft gels have inherited the outstanding luminescent properties from the lanthanide tetrakis β‐diketonate complexes such as strong luminescence intensities, long lifetimes and high luminescence quantum efficiencies.  相似文献   

6.
Two zwitterionic‐type ligands featuring π–π* and intraligand charge‐transfer (ILCT) excited states, namely 1,1′‐(2,3,5,6‐tetramethyl‐1,4‐phenylene)bis(methylene)dipyridinium‐4‐olate (TMPBPO) and 1‐dodecylpyridin‐4(1 H)‐one (DOPO), have been prepared and applied to the assembly of lanthanide coordination complexes in an effort to understand the ligand‐direction effect on the structure of the Ln complexes and the ligand sensitization effect on the luminescence of the Ln complexes. Due to the wide‐band triplet states plus additional ILCT excitation states extending into lower energy levels, broadly and strongly sensitized photoluminescence of f→f transitions from various Ln3+ ions were observed to cover the visible to near‐infrared (NIR) regions. Among which, the Pr, Sm, Dy, and Tm complexes simultaneously display both strong visible and NIR emissions. Based on the isostructural feature of the Ln complexes, color tuning and single‐component white light was achieved by preparation of solid solutions of the ternary systems Gd‐Eu‐Tb (for TMPBPO) and La‐Eu‐Tb and La‐Dy‐Sm (for DOPO). Moreover, the visible and NIR luminescence lifetimes of the Ln complexes with the TMPBPO ligand were investigated from 77 to 298 K, revealing a strong temperature dependence of the Tm3+ (3H4) and Yb3+ (2F5/2) decay dynamics, which has not been explored before for their coordination complexes.  相似文献   

7.
Construction of GdIII photosensitizers is important for designing theranostic agents owing to the unique properties arising from seven unpaired f electrons of the Gd3+ ion. Combining these with the advantages of porpholactones with tunable NIR absorption, we herein report the synthesis of GdIII complexes Gd‐1 – 4 ( 1 , porphyrin; 2 , porpholactone; 3 and 4 , cis‐ and trans‐porphodilactone, respectively) and investigated their function as singlet oxygen (1O2) photosensitizers. These Gd complexes displayed 1O2 quantum yields (ΦΔs) from 0.64–0.99 with the order Gd‐1 < Gd‐2 < Gd‐3 < Gd‐4 . The gradually enhanced 1O2 sensitization after β‐oxazolone moiety replacement was ascribed to the narrowing of the energy gap (ΔE) between the lowest triplet states (T1) of the ligand and the energy level of the 1Δg3Σg transition of 1O2. In particular, Gd‐4 is capable of excitation in the visible to NIR region (400–700 nm) with a quantum yield near unity. These Gd complexes were first demonstrated as efficient photosensitizers in photocatalysis such as oxidative C?H bond functionalization of secondary or tertiary amines, and the oxygenation of the natural product cholesterol. Finally, after glycosylation, these water‐soluble Gd complexes showed potential applications in photodynamic therapy (PDT) in HeLa cells. This work revealed that GdIII complexes of “bioinspired” β‐modified porpholactones are efficient NIR photosensitizers and form a chemical basis to construct appealing photocatalysts and theranostic agents based on lanthanides.  相似文献   

8.
A new luminescence energy transfer (LET) system has been designed for the detection of thrombin in the near‐infrared (NIR) region by utilizing NIR‐to‐NIR upconversion lanthanide nanophosphors (UCNPs) as the donor and gold nanorods (Au NRs) as the acceptor. The use of upconverting NaYF4:Yb3+,Tm3+ nanoparticles with sharp NIR emission peaks upon NIR excitation by an inexpensive infrared continuous wave laser diode provided large spectral overlap between the donor and the acceptor. Both the Au NRs and carboxyl‐terminated NaYF4:Yb3+,Tm3+ UCNPs were first modified with different thrombin aptamers. When thrombin was added, a LET system was then formed because of the specific recognition between the thrombin aptamers and thrombin. The LET system was used to monitor thrombin concentrations in aqueous buffer and human blood samples. The limits of detection for thrombin are as low as 0.118 nM in buffer solution and 0.129 nM in human serum. The method was also successfully applied to thrombin detection in blood samples.  相似文献   

9.
The reaction of hydrated lanthanoid chlorides with tribenzoylmethane and an alkali metal hydroxide consistently resulted in the crystallization of neutral tetranuclear assemblies with the general formula [Ln(Ae ? HOEt)( L )4]2 (Ln=Eu3+, Er3+, Yb3+; Ae=Na+, K+, Rb+). Analysis of the crystal structures of these species revealed a coordination geometry that varied from a slightly distorted square antiprism to a slightly distorted triangular dodecahedron, with the specific geometrical shape being dependent on the degree of lattice solvation and identity of the alkali metal. The near‐infrared (NIR)‐emitting assemblies of Yb3+ and Er3+ showed remarkably efficient emission, characterized by significantly longer excited‐state lifetimes (τobs≈37–47 μs for Yb3+ and τobs≈4–6 μs for Er3+) when compared with the broader family of lanthanoid β‐diketonate species, even in the case of perfluorination of the ligands. The Eu3+ assemblies show bright red emission and a luminescence performance (τobs≈0.5 ms, ${{\Phi}{{{\rm L}\hfill \atop {\rm Ln}\hfill}}}$ ≈35–37 %, ηsens≈68–70 %) more akin to the β‐diketonate species. The results highlight that the β‐triketonate ligand offers a tunable and facile system for the preparation of efficient NIR emitters without the need for more complicated perfluorination or deuteration synthetic strategies.  相似文献   

10.
The reaction of 2‐aldehyde‐8‐hydroxyquinoline, histamine, and YbX3 · 6H2O (X = NO3, ClO4) affords two ytterbium complexes [Yb(nma)2] · ClO4 · 2CH2Cl2 ( 1 ) and [Yb(nma)(NO3)2(DMSO)] · CH3OH ( 2 ) (Hnma = N‐(2‐(8‐hydroxylquinolinyl)methane(2‐(4‐imidazolyl)ethanamine))). The crystal structures were determined by X‐ray diffraction and it has been revealed that the anions have played important role in the assembly. In the case of 1 , the Yb3+ ions are completely encapsulated by two nma ligands with uncoordinated perchlorate anion balancing the positive charge. In the case of 2 , the Yb3+ ions are ligated by the ligand, oxygen atoms of the nitrate ion, and DMSO. Both complexes exhibit essential NIR luminescence of Yb3+ ions.  相似文献   

11.
Complexes of 4,10‐bis(phosphonomethyl)‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,7‐diacetic acid (trans‐H6do2a2p, H6 L ) with transition metal and lanthanide(III) ions were investigated. The stability constant values of the divalent and trivalent metal‐ion complexes are between the corresponding values of H4dota and H8dotp complexes, as a consequence of the ligand basicity. The solid‐state structures of the ligand and of nine lanthanide(III) complexes were determined by X‐ray diffraction. All the complexes are present as twisted‐square‐antiprismatic isomers and their structures can be divided into two series. The first one involves nona‐coordinated complexes of the large lanthanide(III) ions (Ce, Nd, Sm) with a coordinated water molecule. In the series of Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Er, Yb, the complexes are octa‐coordinated only by the ligand donor atoms and their coordination cages are more irregular. The formation kinetics and the acid‐assisted dissociation of several LnIII–H6 L complexes were investigated at different temperatures and compared with analogous data for complexes of other dota‐like ligands. The [Ce( L )(H2O)]3? complex is the most kinetically inert among complexes of the investigated lanthanide(III) ions (Ce, Eu, Gd, Yb). Among mixed phosphonate–acetate dota analogues, kinetic inertness of the cerium(III) complexes is increased with a higher number of phosphonate arms in the ligand, whereas the opposite is true for europium(III) complexes. According to the 1H NMR spectroscopic pseudo‐contact shifts for the Ce–Eu and Tb–Yb series, the solution structures of the complexes reflect the structures of the [Ce(H L )(H2O)]2? and [Yb(H L )]2? anions, respectively, found in the solid state. However, these solution NMR spectroscopic studies showed that there is no unambiguous relation between 31P/1H lanthanide‐induced shift (LIS) values and coordination of water in the complexes; the values rather express a relative position of the central ions between the N4 and O4 planes.  相似文献   

12.
The synthesis of tris(2‐thenoyltrifluoroacetonate)lanthanide(III) complexes featuring a diethylaminostyryl‐2,2′‐bipyridine coligand was achieved for lanthanum; the near‐infrared (NIR) emitters neodymium, erbium, and ytterbium; and the transition‐metal yttrium. The photophysical properties were thoroughly studied, and it was demonstrated that the conjugated bipyridine ligand acts as a good antenna for the sensitization of the NIR emitters. The two‐photon absorption (TPA) properties of all five complexes were investigated by using both two‐photon excited fluorescence and the Z‐scan method. We demonstrate that the nature of the rare earth ion has almost no influence on the TPA properties centered on the conjugated bipyridyl ligand. Finally, we show that YbIII is sensitized by a two‐photon antenna effect, and that NdIII is mostly sensitized by a one‐photon process involving direct excitation of forbidden f–f transitions.  相似文献   

13.
Herein, we report the preparation of zeolite NIR luminescence materials with a remarkable increase of luminescence intensity by attaching stopper molecule (an imidazolium salt) to the channel entrances of zeolite L loading with NIR lanthanide (Er3+ or Nd3+) β‐diketonate complexes. This results from the formation of Ln3+β‐diketonate complexes (Ln=Er or Nd) with high coordination numbers through the decreasing of the proton strength in the zeolite channels. The obtained materials were characterized with SEM and photoluminescence spectroscopy. We believe that this hybrid material will be an appealing candidate for the applications of optical fiber, telecommunications and bio‐imaging.  相似文献   

14.
We describe herein the synthesis and photophysical characterization of new lanthanide complexes that consist of a (9,9‐dimethylfluoren‐2‐yl)‐2‐oxoethyl or a (9,9′‐spirobifluoren‐2‐yl)‐2‐oxoethyl unit as the antenna, covalently linked to a 1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7‐triacetic acid (DO3A) unit as the Ln3+ (Gd3+, Eu3+, Sm3+, Tb3+, Dy3+) coordination site. We were able to translate the spectroscopic properties of the innovative bipartite ligands into the formation of highly luminescent europium complexes that exhibit efficient emission (?se>0.1) upon sensitization in the near‐visible region, that is, with an excitation wavelength above 350 nm. The luminescence of the Eu3+complexes is clearly detectable at concentrations as low as 10 pM . Furthermore, the structural organization of these bipartite ligands makes the complexes highly soluble in aqueous solutions and chemically stable over time.  相似文献   

15.
An asymmetric ‘Pacman’ metalloligand, [Zn(PXT)], which features a cofacial ZnII–porphyrin unit (P) covalently attached to a terpyridine (T) chelating group via a rigid xanthene (X) moiety has been prepared, and its interactions with several different trivalent LnIII cations (NdIII, GdIII, YbIII and LuIII) have been examined. The formation of 1:1 metal–ligand complexes was monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy and corroborated by HRMS data. Solution‐stability constants were determined by UV/Vis titration, and the resulting complexes with NdIII or YbIII demonstrated sensitised emission in the NIR region due to energy transfer from the ZnII–porphyrin donor to LnIII acceptor. The energy transfer was investigated by transient absorption techniques, which provided insight into the kinetics and efficiency of the antenna effect.  相似文献   

16.
A series of doubly β‐to‐β bridged cyclic ZnII porphyrin arrays were prepared by a stepwise Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction of borylated ZnII porphyrin with different bridge groups. The coupling of the building block of β,β′‐diboryl ZnII porphyrin 1 with different bridges provided the doubly β‐to‐β carbazole‐bridged ZnII porphyrin array 3 , the fluorene‐bridged ZnII porphyrin array 5 , the fluorenone‐bridged ZnII porphyrin array 7 , and the three‐carbazole‐bridged ZnII porphyrin ring 8 . The structural assignment of 3 was confirmed by the X‐ray diffraction analysis, which revealed a highly symmetrical and remarkably bent syn‐form structure. The incorporation of bridge units with different electronic effects results in different photophysical properties of the cyclic ZnII porphyrin arrays. Comprehensive photophysical studies demonstrate that the electron‐withdrawing bridge fluorenone has the largest electronic interaction with the ZnII porphyrin unit among the series, thus resulting in the highest two‐photon absorption cross‐section values (σ(2)) of 6570±60 GM for 7 . The present work provides a new strategy for developing porphyrin‐based optical materials.  相似文献   

17.
Emissive β‐diketones (bdks) and difluoroboron complexes (BF2bdks) show multi‐stimuli responsive luminescence in both solution and the solid state. A series of bdk ligands and boron coordinated dyes were synthesized with different cyclic amine substituents in the 4‐position to explore ring size effects on various luminescent properties, including solvatochromism, viscochromism, aggregation‐induced emission (AIE), mechanochromic luminescence (ML) and halochromism. Red‐shifted absorption and emission were observed in CH2Cl2 for both bdk ligands and boron dyes with increasing substituent ring size. The compounds displayed bathochromic emission in more polar solvents, and higher fluorescence intensity in more viscous media. The AIE compounds exhibited enhanced emission when aggregated. For solid‐state properties, a large emission wavelength shift was shown for the piperidine substituted bdk after melt quenching on weighing paper. Large blue‐shifted emissions were observed in all the boron dye spin cast films after trifluoroacetic acid vapor annealing, and the original emissions were partially recovered after triethylamine vapor treatment.  相似文献   

18.
The new N‐confused porphyrin (NCP) derivatives, meso‐unsubstituted β‐alkyl‐3‐oxo N‐confused porphyrin (3‐oxo‐NCP) and related macrocycles, were synthesized from appropriate pyrrolic precursors by a [3+1]‐type condensation reaction. 3‐Oxo‐NCP forms a self‐assembled dimer in dichloromethane that is stabilized by complementary hydrogen‐bonding interactions arising from the peripheral amide‐like moieties. The protonated form of 3‐oxo‐NCP was observed to bind halide anions (F?, Cl?) through the outer NH and the inner pyrrolic NH groups, thus affording a dimer in dichloromethane. The structure of the chloride‐bridged dimer in the solid state was determined by X‐ray diffraction analysis.  相似文献   

19.
Twelve iridium complexes with general formula of Ir(C^N)2(LX) [C^N represents the cyclometalated ligand, i.e. 2‐(2,4‐difluorophenyl) pyridine (dfppy), 2‐phenylpyridine (ppy), dibenzo{f, h}quinoxaline (DBQ); LX stands for β‐diketonate, i.e. acetyl acetonate (acac), 1‐(carbazol‐9‐yl)‐5,5‐dimethylhexane‐2,4‐diketonate (CBDK), 1‐(carbazol‐9‐yl)‐5,5,6,6,7,7,7‐heptafluoroheptane‐2,4‐diketonate (CHFDK), 1‐(N‐ethyl‐carbazol‐3‐yl)‐4,4,5,5,6,6,6‐heptafluorohexane‐1,3‐diketonate (ECHFDK)] are synthesized, characterized and their photophysical properties are systemically studied. In addition, crystals of Ir(DBQ)2(CHFDK) and Ir(DBQ)2(acac) are obtained and characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The choice of these iridium complexes provides an opportunity for tracing the effect of the triplet energy level of ancillary ligands on the photophysical and electrochemical behaviors. Data show that if the triplet energy level of the β‐diketonate is higher than that of the Ir(C^N)2 fragment and there is no superposition on the state density map, strong 3LC or 3MLCT‐based phosphorescence can be obtained. Alternatively, if the state density map of the two parts are in superposition, the 3LC or 3MLCT‐based transition will be quenched at room temperature. Density functional theory calculations show that these complexes can be divided into two categories. The lowest excited state is mainly determined by C^N but not β‐diketonate when the difference between the triplet energy levels of the two parts is large. However, when this difference is very small, the lowest excited state will be determined by both sides. This provides a satisfactory explanation for the experimental observations.  相似文献   

20.
Treatment of Ln(NO3)3?nH2O with 1 or 2 equiv 2,2′‐bipyrimidine (BPM) in dry THF readily afforded the monometallic complexes [Ln(NO3)3(bpm)2] (Ln=Eu, Gd, Dy, Tm) or [Ln(NO3)3(bpm)2]?THF (Ln=Eu, Tb, Er, Yb) after recrystallization from MeOH or THF, respectively. Reactions with nitrate salts of the larger lanthanide ions (Ln=Ce, Nd, Sm) yielded one of two distinct monometallic complexes, depending on the recrystallization solvent: [Ln(NO3)3(bpm)2]?THF (Ln=Nd, Sm) from THF, or [Ln(NO3)3(bpm)(MeOH)2]?MeOH (Ln=Ce, Nd, Sm) from MeOH. Treatment of UO2(NO3)2?6H2O with 1 equiv BPM in THF afforded the monoadduct [UO2(NO3)2(bpm)] after recrystallization from MeOH. The complexes were characterized by their crystal structure. Solid‐state luminescence measurements on these monometallic complexes showed that BPM is an efficient sensitizer of the luminescence of both the lanthanide and the uranyl ions emitting visible light, as well as of the YbIII ion emitting in the near‐IR. For Tb, Dy, Eu, and Yb complexes, energy transfer was quite efficient, resulting in quantum yields of 80.0, 5.1, 70.0, and 0.8 %, respectively. All these complexes in the solid state were stable in air.  相似文献   

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