用离散相关函数方法分析Blazar天体的γ射线和射电辐射的相关性

收集了119颗有γ射线噪的Blazar天体样品(97个平谱射电类星体和22个BL Lac天体)，用离散相关函数(DCF)方法分析了1GeV γ射线辐射流量(最大值、最小值和平均值)与8.4GHz射电辐射流量之间的相关性.获得的主要结果为：在119个Blazar天体和97个平谱射电类星体中，γ射线辐射流量的最大值以及平均值和射电辐射流量之间有相关性;而γ射线辐射流量的最小值和射电辐射流量之间没有相关性.本文结果表明，γ射线和射电辐射都来自喷流，γ射线很可能产生于同步自康普顿(SSC)过程. 关键词： Blazar γ射线 射电辐射 流量密度     

γ噪Blazar天体的γ射线和近红外光辐射研究

收集了29个有γ噪的Blazar天体(其中有16个BL Lac天体和13个平谱射电类星体)的近红外流量密度和γ射线流量密度,获得以下主要结果:1)23个天体中的γ射线流量密度和近红外流量密度在低态时存在较强的相关性而在高态时有弱的相关性.2)在29个天体中,有6个天体只有一个观测数据点,将其认为是高态时,γ射线流量密度与近红外光流量密度之间有弱相关性,而认为是低态时有强相关性.3)29个源的γ射线流量密度与X射线流量密度在低态时有相关性,但是γ射线流量与光学流量密度,γ射线流量与射电流量密度均没有相关性.4)在16个BL Lac天体中γ射线流量与近红外光流量不论在高态还是低态都有相关性,而13个平谱射电类星体没有相关性.讨论了γ噪Blazar天体的γ射线辐射机制,认为γ射线的辐射机制主要是同步自康普顿散射.而逆康普顿散射来自绕中心核且温度约为2000K的尘埃,这些尘埃的区域大约有r=3pc,聚束的相对论电子也可能是这种尘埃模型辐射机制的一个重要补充.平谱射电类星体和BL Lac天体的γ辐射机制可能有些不同. 关键词： Blazar天体 星系γ射线观测辐射机制 非热辐射     

基于Logistic回归模型的Blazar天体的分类

从文献中收集了205个Blazar天体,包括142个BL Lac天体和63个平谱射电类星体(FSRQs).对这些天体的类别与它们的红移、射电5 GHz辐射流量、光学V波段流量、1 keV处X射线流量、X射线光子谱指数进行了相关性和Logistic回归分析.结果表明,对Blazar天体分类产生主要影响的因素是红移、射电5 GHz辐射流量和X射线光子谱指数,综合应用这三个物理量判别Blazar天体的分类的准确率可达到91.2%,得到的分类方程具有良好的预测效果,可以作为Blazar天体分类的一个重要的判据.而光学V波段流量和1 keV处X射线流量不能区分开BL Lac天体和FSRQs,它们与Blazar天体分类没有相关性.本文结果支持将BL Lac天体和FSRQs归为Blazar天体,不同类别的Blazar天体之间能通过一种演化序列相联系. 关键词： Logistic 分类 Blazar天体     

RBLs与XBLs的多波段流量及中心黑洞质量的研究

BL Lacs天体的辐射谱变化、多波段的相关性及偏振的特性为研究各辐射分量的内禀相互关联提供重要的信息.本文用收集了RBLs和XBLs的红移、中心黑洞质量,统计得到RBLs天体的红移大于XBLs天体,RBLs天体的平均中心黑洞质量小于XBLs天体的平均中心黑洞质量.本文还收集了低态时射电波段、红外波段、光学波段及X射线波段的辐射流量,并分析了它们之间的相关性,及其与红移的相关性.本文的结果支持了RBLs和XBLs可作为BL Lac天体的有效分类标准的观点,并且表明它们的物理性质可能存在差异,而非选择效应的 关键词： BL Lac天体 多波段辐射流量     

基于聚合经验模态分解方法的OJ 287 射电流量变化周期分析

BL Lac 天体OJ 287 是一个重要的Blazar天体, 光变具有准周期特点. 本文从密歇根大学射电天文台数据库收集了OJ 287射电波段4.8, 8.0和 14.5 GHz超过30年时间的观测数据. 由于天文观测资料的复杂性, 一些传统寻找周期的方法不是太理想. 近几年迅速发展起来的聚合经验模态分解(EEMD) 特别适合于具有非线性和非平稳动态变化特性的Blazar天体光变规律的研究. 运用EEMD方法对OJ 287 的3个射电波段流量分别进行多时间尺度分解, 各获得6个代表不同时间尺度局部特征信息的本征模态函数分量和一个趋势项. 研究结果表明: 4.8 GHz射电流量变化的主要周期是18.9, 11.9, 5.7 和2.4年; 8.0 GHz 的主要周期是12.2, 5.2和2.4 年; 14.5 GHz的主要周期是21.8, 12.0, 4.3和 2.4 年. 尽管3个波段流量变化主要周期大小有一定的差别, 但是存在着近似相同的变化周期12.0 和2.4年, 说明这3个波段可能来源于相同的辐射机制, 也证实了OJ 287 射电波段和光学波段具有相同的长光变周期12.0 年. 这些结论表明: EEMD 作为一种全新的非线性、非平稳信号处理方法, 可以更精确地提取Blazar天体中不同光变周期的分量. 关键词： OJ 287 光变周期 聚合经验模态分解     

H0323+022天体的光变特性和黑洞质量研究

从大量文献资料中，收集了BL Lac天体H0323+022光学V波段的大量观测数据，获得了H0323+ 022从1982年至2003年的长期光变曲线.给出了从2000年至2003年，使用云南天文台1米望远 镜和上海天文台的156米望远镜，对H0323+022进行光学波段近4年的监测数据，观测发现 了H0323+022在光学R波段有7min的短时标光变.色指数B—V与V波段的星等值有较强的相关性 ，对H0323+022 CCD测光的结果与Bai（1998）观测的结果ΔR=063 ΔI=081是 一致的.由观测所发现的短时标光变，推算出了BL Lac天体H0323+022的中心黑洞质量和辐射 区域. 关键词： BL Lac天体 光变曲线 短时标光变 辐射区域 中心黑洞质量     

BL Lac天体S5 0716+714的光变周期特性研究

从大量文献资料中, 收集了BL Lac天体S5 0716+714光学B，V，R，I波段的有效观测数据点共16818个， 获得了从1994年至2006年的长期光变曲线，光变曲线表明S5 0716+714天体存在完整的非正弦变化并且它的活动非常剧烈. 用功率谱方法分析了S5 0716+714天体的光变周期, 结果表明S5 0716+714天体存在的长光变周期为1.1年，Raiteri等人发现的3.3年周期可能是1.1年周期的叠合. 预期在2007年2月应该为S5 0716+714天体的再次爆发期. 关键词： BL Lac天体S5 0716+714 光变周期 功率谱方法     

X射线在天体物理学的应用

正天体物理学是天文学与物理学的交叉学科,是20世纪自然科学发展的一个极其重要的分支。现代天体物理学的重要探测手段之一是借助射电技术设备接收并研究宇宙天体的辐射。这些辐射按波长可分为若干波段,如无线电波、微波、红外线、可见光、紫外线、X射线和γ射线等。按观测的电磁波段可分为光学天文学、射电天文学和空间天文学等。传统的观测是在     

超晶格SnO2掺Cr的电子结构和光学性质的研究

基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理,采用全势线性缀加平面波方法(FPLAPW)和广义梯度近似(GGA)来处理相关能,计算了Cr掺杂SnO₂超晶格的电子态密度、能带结构、介电函数、吸收系数、反射率和折射率.研究表明由于Cr的掺入,超晶格SnO₂在费米能级附近形成了新的电子占据态,出现了不连续的杂质能带,这是由Cr-3d态和O-2p,Sn-5s态电子所形成.介电谱在0—5.5 eV之间时出现了三个新的介电峰,在高能区介电谱主峰位置发生蓝移,峰值强度减小.吸收谱、反射谱和折 关键词： 超晶格 第一性原理 态密度 电子结构     

态选择电荷交换实验测量以及对天体物理软X射线发射模型的检验

在高温天体等离子体环境中,低能高电荷态离子与中性原子和分子之间的电荷交换是天体物理环境中软X射线发射的重要机制之一.电荷交换软X射线发射相关的天体物理建模需要大量的主量子数n和角量子数l分辨的态选择俘获截面数据,目前这类数据主要来自于经典或者半经典的原子碰撞理论模型.本文利用反应显微成像谱仪,系统测量了炮弹能量为1.6—20.0 keV/u Ne~(8+)与He的单电子俘获n分辨的态选择俘获截面.将测得的相对态选择截面与多通道Landau-Zener方法以及分子库仑过垒模型计算的结果进行比较,发现理论模型计算结果与实验测量结果在弱反应通道上存在显著差异.进一步结合天体物理中常用的l分布模型,计算了1.6和2.4 keV/u Ne~(8+)与He之间电荷交换中的软X射线发射谱,通过与近期实验测量的X射线谱比较,发现计算的软X射线谱强度明显偏离已有的测量值.这些研究表明,多通道Landau-Zener方法、分子库仑过垒模型以及l分布模型在定量描述电荷交换态选择截面时存在一定的不足,如果将这些理论模型应用于天体物理的X射线背景研究中,可能导致对天体等离子体参数的描述不够准确.     

Anomalies of neutron and γ-ray emission in light charged particle accompanied fission of 252Cf

Correlations between the neutron and γ-ray emission and the kinetic energy of light charged particles (LCPs), such as protons, deuterons, tritons and alphas, from the fission of ²⁵²Cf were studied in a four parameter experiment. A ⊘ 16 cm × 5 cm liquid scintillator with n-γ discrimination and a ⊘ 10 cm × 10 cm NaI(Tl) crystal were employed to detect the neutrons and the γ rays, respectively, while a thin CsI(Tl) crystal, which had the ability to separate the LCPs, was used to determine the LCP energy. The experimental results show that for the α particle accompanied fission, the average total number of neutrons emitted per fission increases in the case of varying the alpha particle energy E_α from 7 to 11 MeV and then falls off linearly in a first approximation with increasing E_α, and the average total energy and the average total number of γ-rays per fission as well as the average γ-ray energy as functions of E_α show similar correlation features. For the hydrogen-ion accompanied fission, the correlations of the neutron and γ-ray emission with hydrogen ion (t, d and p) energy are very similar to those for the alpha-particle accompanied fission. The correlations of the neutron and γ-ray emission in the low LCP energy region, in contrast to that observed in the high LCP energy range, are called anomalies. On the basis of the results obtained by the three-point charge model and the liquid drop model calculation with shell and pairing correction, the anomalous behavior of the neutron and γ-ray emission is explained tentatively.     

Radio waves and γ-ray emission from astrophysical sources

A mechanism of X- and γ-ray emission by relativistic electrons at interaction with astrophysical objects (maser clouds) is considered and the contribution of this mechanism to the formation of a continuous spectrum and its correlation with radio-wave radiation are investigated. The radiation yield upon deexcitation of a quantum system by an electron exceeds that of “conventional” (i.e., without a change in the quantum-system state) bremsstrahlung at small nuclear charges (Z < 10) and may be about 8% of the total γ-ray intensity. It is shown that in the direction in which the γ-ray intensity increases, one should observe radio waves corresponding to a particular maser source.     

Some statistical correlation analyses for Fermi/LAT Blazars

A sample including 664 blazars(301 Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars and 363 BL Lacs) with γ-ray data in both 1FGL and 2FGL catalogues were selected. The average values of both γ-photon average energy and the photon spectral index for FSRQs, LBLs, IBLs and HBLs, follow the blazars sequence, FSRQs → LBLs →IBLs → HBLs. The slopes of correlation between photon spectral index and γ-ray luminosity for 4 the sub-classes of blazars also follow the blazars sequence. Also, there was close anti-correlations between the difference of two γ-ray photon spectral indices and the logarithm of the ratio of two γ-ray luminosities from 2FGL and 1FGL catalogs. It implies that the spectrum becomes flat when the source becomes brighter in high energetic γ-ray band. Lastly, the Kolmogolov-Smirnov test(KS test) of the average γ-photon energy showed that HBLs differs from LBLs and FSRQs, while there was no clear difference between LBLs and FSRQs, which implied that the γ-ray emissions in LBLs and FSRQs may be a result of the same emission mechanism.     

Time distribution of γ-rays from spontaneous fission of 252Cf at short times

The gross time distribution of γ-rays from spontaneous fission of ²⁵²Cf has been measured in the time range 10^?14?10^?10 s after fission for γ-ray energies greater than 0.15 MeV. The measurements have been made by a new method based upon the solid angle aberration. From the measured correlation between half-lives and γ-ray transition energies it is concluded that the transitions are predominantly E2, single-particle transitions at high energies, and mostly vibrational and rotational transitions at lower energies. Some contribution of E1 transitions and M1-E2 mixtures cannot be excluded, however. It was found that about 30% ofthe γ-rays emitted within 12 ns with energies greater than 0.10 MeV, have half-lives shorter than 1 ps and about 52 % half-lives between 1 and 100 ps. The relative yield of γ -rays and γ-ray energy in the time range 10^?14 to 1.2 × 10^?7 s ater fission is given.     

Radio core dominance of Fermi/LAT-detected AGNs

We present a sample of 4388 AGNs with available radio core-dominance parameters—defined as the ratio of the core flux densities to the extended ones, R = S_core/S_ext.—which includes 630 Fermi-detected AGNs from the fourth source catalog(4FGL) of the Fermi Large Area Telescope(Fermi/LAT);the rest are non-Fermi-detected AGNs. In our sample, 584 blazars are Fermi-detected and 1310 are not. The sample also contains other subclasses, such as Seyferts, Fanaroff-Riley I/II galaxies, and normal galaxies.We investigate various properties of the Fermi-detected and non-Fermi-detected AGNs by using core-dominance parameters,capitalizing on a previous study which showed that R is a good indicator of beaming. We then calculate radio spectral indices for the whole sample, and adopt γ-ray-photon indices for the Fermi AGNs from the 4FGL catalog to discuss the properties of different subclasses. We obtain a relation between the core-dominance parameters and the radio spectral indices for both Fermi and non-Fermi sources, assuming a two-component model in the radio band. Our previous study ruled out the assumption that the core-dominance parameters and radio spectral indices are quite different for different AGN subclasses. This holds not only for Fermi sources but also for non-Fermi sources. In particular, R is, on average, greater for the former AGNs than for the latter.In this study, we enlarge our sample with available values of R to 4388 AGNs, and the obtained conclusions are consistent with our previous study. We assume that the same two-component model holds for the γ-ray band as for the radio band, and therefore,adopt the same relation between the core-dominance parameters and the γ-ray-photon indices for Fermi AGNs. Our fitting results indicate that the γ-ray emissions of Fermi blazars originate mainly from the jet, and therefore, we conclude that the Fermi blazars are beamed.     

Decay of the compound nucleus 74Kr formed in the reaction 16O + 58Ni

Gamma-ray and charged-particle emission has been studied after bombardment of ⁵⁸Ni with ¹⁶O at energies from 44.5–76.5 MeV. The excitation functions for various reaction channels have been measured. The locus in energy and spin of maximum cross section (the entry line) of the γ-emitting region in the 2pγ and 3pγ channels have been studied through measurement of γ-ray multiplicity, average particle energy and average γ-ray energy. The standard deviations in both energy and spin of the distributions of cross section are presented. Statistical model calculations including shell corrections in the level density show very satisfactory agreement with the experimental results. The moment of inertia at high spin and excitation energy is deduced from the measured entry line.     

Radio-frequency component of transient radiation of an extensive air shower

The mechanism of radio emission induced by the transient radiation of oppositely charged particles from an extensive air shower in the geomagnetic field was studied for the first time. For showers with an energy of ∼10²² eV, the electric field strength at a distance of 500 km from the shower axis was found to be 60 μV/mMHz. Such showers attain their maximum at sea level. The spectral intensity of emission is maximum at frequencies of about 1 MHz (at these frequencies, the intensity of atmospheric disturbances is minimum). These specific features of radio emission can be used in experiments for radio detection of high-energy cosmic rays. An experimental setup of such detection is suggested.