Studies on the incorporation of Se and Te in the presence of glutathione and cysteine and the distribution of Hg,Zn, Fe,Co and Rb in mice by instrumental neutron activation analysis

The incorporation of Se or Te into some mice organs after injections with selenodiglutathione [(GS)₂ Se], seleno-cystine [(CySe)₂] or Na₂TeO₃ in the presence of glutathione (GSH) or cysteine (CySH) has been studied. Variations in the Hg, Zn, Fe, Co, and Rb contents were determined in all the investigated organs after intraperitoneal injections with the above compounds. Instrumental neutron activation analysis was applied as the analytical method. It was found that GSH and CySH increased the Se-content in the organs after the injection with (CySe)₂, whereas GSH decreased after (GS)₂ Se supply. GSH and CySH changed also the Te distribution. Injections with the above compounds affect the Hg, Zn, Fe, Co and Rb concentrations and these variations depend upon the injected compounds.     

Effect of sulfur compounds and uranium on the distribution of Se in mice studied by instrumental neutron activation analysis

The incorporation of Se into some mice organs after injections of seleno-cystamine [(Se-Cta)₂] in the presence of glutathione, cysteine, methionine, cysteamine, 6-mercaptopurine, 2-mercaptopurine and UO ₂ ²⁺ has been studied. Variations in the Zn, Rb, Co, Fe and Hg contents were determined in all examined organs after intraperitoneal injections with the above compounds. Instrumental neutron activation analysis was applied as the analytical method. It was found that injected compounds affect the Se-distribution in the organs examined. Single applied intraperitoneal injection of (Se-Cta)₂ or UO ₂ ²⁺ lead to variations in the Zn, Rb, Co, Fe and Hg contents in mice organs.     

Studies on the differences in the effects of SeO2 and organic Se-compounds on the distribution of Hg,Co, Fe,Zn and Rb in mice by instrumental neutron activation analysis

The interaction of inorganic mercury (as HgCl₂) with SeO₂ and organic Se-compounds is compared. Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) was applied as the analytical method. Organ concentrations of Hg and Se were always significantly higher after simultaneous i. p. injections with HgCl₂ and Se-compounds. Especially high abundances of Se and Hg in mice organs were found after simultaneous injection with Se-methionine and HgCl₂. We suggest that Hg²⁺ ions are bonded by selenohydryl groups of the metabolites of injected Se-compounds. Binding yield of Hg²⁺ ions with metabolites of Se-compounds depends upon the chemical form of injected Se-compounds. Variations in the content of Zn, Co, Fe and Rb were observed in all the investigated organs after a single injection with HgCl₂ or Se-compounds. Simultaneous injection with HgCl₂ and Se-compounds affects the contents of these elements in comparison with single injections.     

Studies on the incorporation of Se in the presence of glutathione and the distribution of Zn,Co, Fe,Rb and Cs in mice by instrumental neutron activation analysis

The contents of Se, Fe, Co, Zn and Rb in several organs of Swiss mice were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) after injections with seleno-methionine (Se-Met) and glutathione (GSH). Se was accumulated in all examined organs and significant effects of the treatment with GSH on the distribution of Se were observed. An increase of Zn (or Se) content in blood after injection with Se-Met (or Zn²⁺ ions) was observed.     

Interaction between Se and Cr and distribution of Zn,Rb, Co,and Fe in mice given chromate ions and selenium compounds

Male SAS/4 mice injected intraperitoneally with chromate ions and Se-compounds (i.e. selenodiglutathione, selenocystine, selenomethionine and SeO₂). The distribution of Se, Cr, Zn, Rb, Co and Fe in liver, kidneys, spleen, heart, lungs, blood, small intestine and eyes has been studied by instrumental neutron activation analysis. Cr was incorporated in all investigated organs and the efficiency of the Cr-accumulation was affected upon the Se-injection. It was found that the mutual and indirect interaction occurs between injected Se-compounds and chromate ions. On the other hand, the interaction of Cr with Zn has been competitive. Injection with chromate ions affects the contents of Rb, Co and Fe in mice organs.     

Use of INAA to study the interaction between Ag and Se,Zn, Rb,Fe or Co in mice

The interaction of inorganic silver (as AgNO₃) with SeO₂ and Se-compounds was studied. Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) was applied as the analytical method. Organ concentrations of Ag were always significantly higher 72 hours after simultaneous intraperitoneal injections with AgNO₃ and Se-compounds. Moreover, simultaneous injections elevated the Se-content in organs examined. We suggest that Se-compounds protect against liver lesions by markedly decreasing the concentration of Ag in this organ 2 hours after simultaneous injections. It was also found that Ag supply affects the contents of Zn, Rb, Fe and Co.     

Polarographic determination of cadmium, lead, nickel, thallium and uranium(VI) in isoquinoline formate

Summary The polarographic behaviour of Cd, Pb, Ni, Tl and U(VI) has been described in 0.1 M isoquinoline formate as base electrolyte. In all cases well defined reversible waves were obtained and determinations are possible in the presence of Mo, Co, Zn, Mn, Te, In, Se, Fe, Cr, V, Th, Zr, As, Sb, Ag, Hg and Cu.

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Polarographische Bestimmung von Cadmium, Blei, Nickel, Thallium und Uran(VI) in Isochinolinformiat

Zusammenfassung Das polarographische Verhalten von Cd, Pb, Ni, Th. und U(VI) in 0,1 M Isochinolinformiatlösung wird beschrieben, Bestimmungsmöglichkeiten werden aufgezeigt. In allen Fällen werden gut definierte reversible Stufen erhalten. Folgende Elemente stören nicht: Mo, Co, Zn, Mn, Te, In, Se, Fe, Cr, V, Th, Zr, As, Sb, Ag, Hg, Cu.

     

The certification of the contents of Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn, Sb, Se, Tl and Cr in a city waste incineration ash

Summary The analysis of ashes being of increasing importance, a reference material was prepared from fly ash of a city waste incinerator. The procedures of preparation, homogeneity and stability testing are described as well as the way of certification of elements of major importance: Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn, Sb, Se and Tl.

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Zertifizierung der Gehalte an Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn, Sb, Se, Tl und Cr in einer Stadtmüll-Verbrennungsasche

Zusammenfassung Da die Analyse von Aschen zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnt, wurde von der Flugasche einer Stadtmüll-Verbrennungsanlage ein Referenzmaterial hergestellt. Die Methoden der Herstellung sowie der Homogenitätsund Stabilitätsprüfung werden beschrieben und die Art der Zertifizierung der Elemente von hauptsächlicher Bedeutung aufgezeigt (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn, Sb, Se, Tl).

     

Certification of the contents of some heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn) in three types of sewage sludge

Summary The element contents of Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn of three different types of sewage sludge were certified. The preparation, the homogeneity and the stability are reported. The certified contents as well as values for Cr and Se and for the aqua regia soluble contents of Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn are given.

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Zertifizierung von Schwermetallspuren (Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Hg, Ni, Pb und Zn) in drei Klärschlammproben

Zusammenfassung In drei verschiedenen Klärschlammproben wurden die Elementgehalte an Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Hg, Ni, Pb und Zn zertifiziert. Es wird berichtet über die Herstellung, Homogenität und Stabilität. Die zertifizierten Gehalte sowie der Gehalt von Cr, Se und der Gehalt an königswasserlöslichem Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb und Zn werden angegeben.

     

Certification of the contents of some heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn) in three types of soils

Summary The element contents of Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn of three types of soil were certified. The preparation, homogeneity and stability are reported. The certified contents as well as values for Co, Cr, Mn and Se and for the aqua regia soluble contents Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn are given.

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Zertifizierung von Schwermetallspuren (Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb und Zn) in drei Bodenproben

Zusammenfassung In drei verschiedenen Bodenproben wurden die Elementgehalte an Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb und Zn zertifiziert. Es wird berichtet über die Bereitung, Homogenität und Stabilität. Die zertifizierten Gehalte sowie der Gehalt an Cr, Co, Mn und Se und der Gehalt an königswasserlöslichem Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb und Zn werden angegeben.

     

Application of neutron activation analysis to the study of the variations of the concentration of trace elements in various organs of rat as a function of age

In order to know the normal distribution of trace elements is rats, in terms of age, we have determined the elemental composition of different organs and body tissues by neutron activation analysis following an animal experiment during which the rats raised outside of any kind of pollution, were fed with a defined diet. The values observed for Co, Zn, Mn, Se, Fe, Cs, Rb, Hg, Cd in heart, body muscles, liver, kidney and testis are represented in table and figures. Except for renal accumulation of Hg and Cd, the more interesting fact revealed in this work, in the accumulation of Fe in body muscles and testis.     

Simultaneous biobehavior of trace elements, Sc, Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, Se, Rb and Zr in the brain and other organs of C57BL/6N mice

The radioactive multitracer technique was applied to a study on the uptake of trace elements in normal C57BL/6N mice. Comparative uptake behavior of⁴⁶Sc,⁵⁴Mn,⁵⁹Fe,⁵⁸Co,⁶⁵Se,⁸³Rb and⁸⁸Zr tracers was examined among 11 organs (brain, cardiac muscle, lung, liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, bone, muscle, eyeballs and testes) and blood, and evaluated in terms of the “tissue uptake rate (the radioactivity percentage of injected dose per gram of tissue, %dose/g)”. The multitracer technique revealed reliable data demonstrating characteristic uptake of the 8 trace elements, Sc, Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, Se, Rb and Zr by the brain and other organs, as well as the distinctive features of the accumulation and retention of each element in the brain.     

Far infrared studies on stannite and wurtzstannite type compounds

Far-infrared and Raman spectroscopic studies were performed on compounds of composition A₂BCX₄ (A = Cu, Ag; B = Zn, Cd, Hg, Mn, Fe, Co; C = Si,     

Phase Transitions in Crystalline [M(H2O)6](ClO4)2 (M=Mg,Mn, Fe,Co, Ni,Cu, Zn,Cd and Hg)

The results of DSC measurements in the temperature range 140–370 K on nine crystalline compounds of the type [M(H₂O)₆](ClO₄)₂, where M=Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Hg, are discussed. Anomalies detected in the DSC curves are related to the existence of solid-solid phase transitions and/or to the melting points of these compounds. In consequence of two different hypothetical structural modifications of [Fe(H₂O)₆](ClO₄)₂, two DSC curves are obtained. For the compounds with M=Fe, Cd and Hg, new phase transitions have been discovered. The transition temperatures of the other phase transitions are in good agreement with literature data obtained by adiabatic calorimetry. For the compounds with M=Mg, Ni and Cd, DTA measurements were also carried out and the melting points of theses compounds were established. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Availability of essential trace elements in medicinal herbs used for diabetes mellitus and their possible correlations

Four plant parts (leaves, roots, fruits and seeds) of twenty samples of sixteen antidiabetic herbs including three commercially marketed capsules have been analyzed for 6 minor (Na, K, Ca, Cl, Mg, and P) and 21 trace (As, Ba, Br, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Eu, Fe, Hg, La, Mn, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Th, V and Zn) elements by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Further, Ni, Cd and Pb contents were determined by AAS. Elemental data were validated by simultaneously analyzing reference material (RM), MPH-2 Mixed Polish Herbs. Several elements such as Cr and V (1–2 μg/g), Rb (10–40 μg/g), Cs (80–300 ng/g), Se (∼100 ng/g) and Zn (25–60 μg/g) play an important role in diabetes mellitus. Interelemental linear correlations have been observed for Cu vs. Zn (r = 0.89) and Rb vs. Cs (r = 0.87). K/P ratio varies in a narrow range with a mean value of 6.2 ± 1.4. Toxic elements As and Hg were found in <1 μg/g whereas Cd and Pb were in ∼5 μg/g and <10 μg/g, respectively.     

Effect of selenium on the Hg,Zn, Fe and Co content of yeast cells

The yeast cells, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, were exposed to Hg²⁺ ions (10^–4M) and SeO₂ (2·10^–4–10^–2M) or Se- methionine (2·10^–4M). Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) was used to analyze changes in the Hg, Zn, Fe and Co levels in these cells. When the yeast was incubated in a medium containing 10^–3M and 10^–2M SeO₂, the Hg content of the yeast markedly increased. It was also found that the uptake of Se and Hg influenced the levels of Zn, Fe and Co found in the cells. While the presence of Se-methionine (Se-Met), SeO₂ or Hg²⁺ ions caused increases in the intracellular Zn levels, the combined presence of Hg²⁺ and SeO₂ and their assumed interaction, reduced the efficiency of Se for increasing the Zn content of yeast.     

Use of INAA and ICP-MS for the assessment of trace element mass fractions in adult and geriatric prostate

The variation with age of the mass fraction of 54 trace elements (Ag, Al, As, Au, B, Be, Bi, Br, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Dy, Er, Eu, Fe, Ga, Gd, Hf, Hg, Ho, Ir, La, Li, Lu, Mn, Mo, Nb, Nd, Ni, Pb, Pd, Pr, Pt, Rb, Re, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Sn, Ta, Tb, Te, Th, Ti, Tl, Tm, U, Y, Yb, Zn, and Zr) in intact nonhyperplastic prostate of 65 healthy 21–87 year old males was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis with high resolution spectrometry of long-lived radionuclides and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. This work revealed that there is a significant tendency for an increase in Bi, Cd, Co, Fe, Hg, Sc, Sn, Th, U, and Zn (p < 0.0014) mass fraction in normal prostate from age 21 years to the sixth decade. In the sixth to ninth decades the mass fractions of almost all chemical elements investigated in nonhyperplastic prostates were maintained at approximately stable levels. Our finding of correlation between pairs of prostatic chemical element mass fractions indicates that there is a great disturbance of prostatic chemical element relationships with increasing age.     

Determination of minor and trace elements in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trifala</Emphasis> - a herbal preparation

Summary Eight different brands of Trifala and its three constituents, Amalaki (Embilica officinalis), Bibhitaki (Terminalia bellirica) and Haritaki (T.chebula) were analyzed for 6 minor (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cl and P) and 19 trace (Al, Ba, Br, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, Eu, Hf, Hg, La, Mn, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Th, V and Zn) elements by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Two candidate reference materials Tea Leaves (TL-1) and Mixed Polish Herbs (MPH-2) were also analyzed as a part of Intercomparison Study besides several reference materials (RMs) for quality control. The samples along with RMs were irradiated with thermal neutrons in APSARA/Dhruva reactors at BARC, Mumbai and their activity measured on HPGe detector and 8K MCA system. Also Ni, Cu, Cd and Pb contents were determined by AAS. Bibhitaki is found to be enriched in Fe (0.98 mg/g), P (1.10 mg/g), Co (1.74 mg/g) and Se (240 ng/g) including alkali and alkaline earth metals. Availability of many nutrient elements such as Mg, Ca, K, Fe, and Se in Trifala is attributed to its usefulness in the treatment of liver disorder, heart ailments, hepatic diseases and cancer, as expectorant, powerful eye rejuvenator and an antioxidant.     

Heavy metals and some other elements in medicinal plants. Determined by X-ray fluorescence analysis

Determination of Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Hg, Pb, Br, Se, Rb, Sr and Cd in the medicinal plants by radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis (using²³⁸Pu,²⁴¹Am/Ag and¹²⁵I) is described.     

Accumulation and distribution of elements in rice /seed,brand layer,husk/ by neutron activation analysis

Various rice samples /seed, brand layer, husk/ from Vietnam were analyzed for Se, Hg, Cr, Ni, Sc, Rb, Fe, Zn and Co by neutron activation analysis. The concentration values found /seed/ were the following: Se 0.04–0.07 ppm, Hg 0.02–0.07 ppm, Cr 2.13–8.65 ppm, Ni 1.56–4.95 ppm, Sc 0.02–0.06 ppm, Rb 0.84–2.71 ppm, Fe 26.31–96.07 ppm, Zn 10.65–27.39 ppm and Co 0.02–0.15 ppm. The values were reported in ppm /dry weight/. Statistical analysis /t-test, t=0.05/ showed that the content of elements varies between sorts of rice; the content of Rb, Fe, Ni, Cr of rice husk was significantly higher than in rice seed and brand layer.