Hydrothermal Synthesis,Crystal Structures and Effect of Non Bonding Interactions in Crystal Packing of Two Mixed‐Ligand Metal Complexes with Glycolato and 2,2′‐Dipiridylamine and with Benzilato and Imidazole

Two new mixed‐ligand complexes [Fe(HG)₂(dipyam)] ( 1 ) (HG = glycolato and dipyam = 2,2′‐dipyridylamine) and [Cu(HB)₂(im)₂]·2H₂O ( 2 ) (HB = benzilato and im = imidazole) have been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterised by X‐ray diffraction. In both cases the metallic centre is in an octahedral environment, strongly distorted in 2 (4+2 coordination). The α‐hydroxycarboxylato ligands (glycolato or benzilato) present different coordinative behaviour, bidentade chelate through the hydroxyl oxygen and one carboxy oxygen in 1 and through the two oxygen atoms of the carboxylate group in 2 . The complexes are extended into 2D frameworks through hydrogen bonding and π···π or C‐H···π interactions. The complexes were also characterized by elemental analysis, FT‐IR and UV‐vis spectroscopy and room temperature magnetic measurements.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Bis(1‐{(E)‐2‐pyridinylmethylidene}‐semicarbazone)iron(II) and ‐copper(II) Diperchlorate Monohydrates

The pyridine‐2‐carbaldehyde semicarbazone ligand (HL) reacts with iron(II) and copper(II) perchlorates in boiling ethanol to yield red‐violet [Fe^II(HL)₂](ClO₄)₂·H₂O ( 1 ) and light‐green crystals [Cu^II(HL)₂](ClO₄)₂·H₂O ( 2 ). The crystals are triclinic with the metal ions in an octahedral environment, coordinated to two nitrogen and one oxygen‐donor atom from HL. Electronic, magnetic and electrochemical properties are presented as well.     

Mixed‐Ligand Complexes of Copper(II) with α‐Hydroxycarboxylic Acids and 1,10‐Phenanthroline

Eight new two‐ligand complexes of copper(II) with 1,10‐phenanthroline and one of four different α‐hydroxy‐carboxylic acids (glycolic, lactic, mandelic and benzylic) were prepared. The complexes of general formula [Cu(HL)₂(phen)] · nH₂O (HL = monodeprotonated acid) ( 1 – 4 ) were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, electronic and EPR spectroscopy, magnetic measurements and thermo‐gravimetric analysis. The complexes of general formulae [Cu(HL)(phen)₂](HL) · H₂L · nSolv [ 1 a (HL = HGLYO^–, n = 1, Solv = MeCN) and 3 a (HL = HMANO^–, n = 0)] and [Cu(L)(phen)(OH₂)] · nH₂O [ 2 a (L = LACO^2–, n = 4) and 4 a (L = BENO^2–, n = 2)] were characterized by X‐ray diffractometry. In all these latter a pentacoordinated copper atom has a basically square pyramidal coordination polyhedron, the distortion of which towards a trigonal bipyramidal configuration has been evaluated in terms of the parameter τ. In 1 a and 3 a there are three forms of α‐hydroxycarboxylic acid: a monodentate monoanion, a monoanionic counterion, and a neutral molecule lying in the outer coordination sphere; in 2 a and 4 a the α‐hydroxycarboxylic acid is a bidentate dianion coordinating through carboxyl and hydroxyl oxygens.     

Five Coordinated Zinc(II) and Tris‐Chelate Cadmium(II) Complexes with 2,2′‐Diamino‐5,5′‐dimethyl‐4,4′‐bithiazole – Syntheses,Spectroscopic Characterization,and Crystal Structure

The new synthesized ligand (DADMBTZ = 2,2′‐diamino‐5,5′‐dimethyl‐4,4′‐bithiazole), which is mentioned in this text, is used for preparing the two new complexes [Zn(DADMBTZ)₃](ClO₄)₂. 0.8MeOH.0.2H₂O ( 1 ) and [Cd(DADMBTZ)₃](ClO₄)₂ ( 2 ). The characterization was done by IR, ¹H, ¹³C NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and single crystal X‐ray determination. In reaction with DADMBTZ, zinc(II) and cadmium(II) show different characterization. In 2 , to form a tris‐chelate complex with nearly C₃ symmetry for coordination polyhedron, DADMBTZ acts as a bidentate ligand. In 1 , this difference maybe relevant to small radii of Zn²⁺ which make one of the DADMBTZ ligands act as a monodentate ligand to form the five coordinated Zn²⁺ complex. In both 1 and 2 complexes the anions are symmetrically different. 1 and 2 complexes form 2‐D and 3‐D networks via N‐H···O and N‐H···N hydrogen bonds, respectively.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Tetrahedral Zinc(II) Complexes with 3, 6,7‐Triamino‐7H‐[1, 2,4]triazolo[4, 3‐b][1, 2,4]triazole as Nitrogen‐Rich Ligand

Triaminotriazolotriazole (TATOT) was used as a nitrogen‐rich ligand for the formation of the energetic Zn^II complexes [ZnCl₂(TATOT)₂] · H₂O ( 2 ), [Zn(H₂O)(TATOT)₃](NO₃)₂ · 2H₂O ( 3 ), and [Zn(TATOT)₄](ClO₄)₂ · 2H₂O ( 4 ). The zinc species were prepared in a straightforward and inexpensive synthesis. The complexes 2 – 4 were structurally characterized using X‐ray diffraction. Additionally, the compounds were characterized using elemental analysis and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Finally, the sensitivities toward thermal and mechanical stimuli were determined by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and BAM (Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und ‐prüfung) methods.     

四个对苯酚四唑硫酮金属(II)配合物的合成和晶体结构

四唑酸(–CN4H)与羧酸(–COOH)具有相似的酸性。对苯酚四唑硫酮(H2L)可以作为单齿(–S或–N)或双齿(–N, N或–N, S)配体与金属离子配位形成配位化合物。合成了4个以H2L为配体的金属(II)配合物：Co(HL)2(Py)2(H2O)2 (1), [Mn(HL)2(H2O)4]·2H2O (2), Mn(HL)2(Phen)2 (3), and [Zn(HL)2(Phen)2]·0.5H2O·1.5CH3OH (4),并用X−射线单晶衍射法测定了晶体结构。晶体结构分析表明,在这些配合物中所有的中心金属原子均呈现六配位的八面体构型。在配合物1和2中,HL–配体以氧原子与中心金属原子配位,而在配合物3和4中HL–配体则以硫原子与中心金属原子配位。     

Two Bulky Conjugated 4′‐(4‐Hydroxyphenyl)‐4,2′:6′,4′′‐terpyridine‐based Layered Complexes: Synthesis,Structure, and Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Activity

Two new layered complexes with the formulas of {[Cu(H₂O)(HL)₂Cl](NO₃)}_n ( 1 ) and {[Cu(H₂O)₂(HL)₂](NO₃)₂}_n ( 2 ) were solvothermally synthesized by the reactions of the bulky conjugated 4′‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐4,2′:6′,4′′‐terpyridine ligand (HL) with different Cu^II salts, which were further used as photocatalysts to achieve hydrogen production from water splitting. Single‐crystal structural analyses reveal that both complexes feature coplanar (4 4) layers with different connection manners between the HL extended Z‐shaped chains. More interestingly, 1 possessing more negative conduction band potential and higher structural stability exhibits a large hydrogen production rate of 2.43 mmol · g^–1 · h^–1, which is four times higher than that of 2 . Thus, the Cu^II‐based coordination polymers modified by the bulky conjugated organic ligand can become potentially promising non‐Pt photocatalysts for hydrogen production from water splitting.     

Zinc(II) Complexes with 1H‐Imidazol‐4‐yl‐Containing Polyamine Ligand

The protonation and Zn^II/Cu^II complexation constants of tripodal polyamine ligand N¹‐(2‐aminoethyl)‐N¹‐(1H‐imidazol‐4‐ylmethyl)‐ethane‐1,2‐diamine (HL) were determined by potentiometric titration. Three new compounds, i.e. [H₃(HL)](ClO₄)₃ ( 5 ), [Zn(HL)Cl](ClO₄) ( 6 ) and {[Zn(L)](ClO₄)}_n ( 7 ) were obtained by reactions of HL · 4HCl with Zn(ClO₄)₂ · 6H₂O under different reaction pH, and they were compared with the corresponding Cu^II complexes reported previously. The results indicate that the reaction pH and metal ions have remarkable influence on the formation and structure of the complexes.     

Synthesis,Characterization, and Crystal Structure of Three Coordination Polymers from 5‐(Pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)aminoisophthalic Acid

Three new complexes: [M(L)(H₂O)] [M = Zn ( 1 ), Co ( 2 ), Ni ( 3 ); H₂L = 5‐(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)aminoisophthalic acid] were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions at 180 °C and were characterized by elemental analysis, FT‐IR spectroscopy, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results of X‐ray diffraction analysis reveal that complexes 1 – 3 are isostructural and crystallize in the monoclinic system with space group P2₁/c. Each of the complexes displays a (3,3′)‐connected two‐dimensional (2D) wave‐like network with (4,8²) topology, within which five‐membered uncoplanar N,N‐chelated metallacycles are shaped. Delicate N–H ··· O and O–H ··· O hydrogen bonding interactions exist in complexes 1 – 3 . Adjacent 2D layers are linked by intermolecular interactions, resulting in the construction of extended metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) in complexes 1 and 2 .     

Heterometallic Polynuclear Complexes of Macrocyclic ­Oxamide with Pyrazine‐2, 3‐dicarboxylic Acid: Synthesis,Crystal Structure,and Magnetic Properties

Three novel complexes, namely [Zn(CuL)(pzdc)]₂ · 5H₂O ( 1 ), [Zn(NiL)(pzdc)]₂ · 5H₂O ( 2 ), and [Gd₂(pzdc)₂(NiL)₆](ClO₄)₂ · 6H₂O ( 3 ) (CuL and NiL, H₂L = 2, 3‐dioxo‐5, 6, 14, 15‐dibenzo‐1, 4, 8, 12‐tetraazacyclo‐pentadeca‐7, 13‐dien and H₂pzdc = pyrazine‐2, 3‐dicarboxylic acid) were synthesized and structurally determined. Complexes 1 and 2 are tetranuclear [Zn^II₂M^II₂] (M = Ni ( 1 ), Cu ( 2 ), respectively) molecules including both oxamide and pzdc^2– bridges. The structure of compound 3 consists of pyrazine‐2, 3‐dicarboxylate and oxamido‐bridged, and is arranged in different butterfly‐like octanuclear molecules. The magnetic susceptibility data of 3 were analyzed.     

Crystal Structures and Photoluminescence Properties of Zinc(II) and Cadmium(II) Coordination Polymers with “Y”‐Shaped Ligands

Three Zn^II and Cd^II complexes with Y‐shaped dicarboxylate ligands, namely [Zn(L₁)(2,2′‐bpy)₂(H₂O)] · 2H₂O ( 1 ), [Zn(L₁)(bpp)(H₂O)] ( 2 ), and [Cd(L₁)(H₂O)] · H₂O ( 3 ) [H₂L₁ = N‐phenyliminodiacetic acid, 2,2′‐bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine, bpp = 1,3‐bis(4‐pyridyl)propane] were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analyses. Compound 1 shows an hydrogen‐bonded 2D network, whereas compound 2 is an infinite 1D wavy chain structure, though O–H ··· O hydrogen‐bonded to form a 2D network. Compound 3 displays a 2D uninodal 3‐connected Shubnikov plane net with the point symbol of (4.8²). Moreover, the solid‐state such as thermal stabilities and fluorescence properties of 1 – 3 were also investigated.     

Novel Platinum(II) Complexes with Dipyridyl Containing Chelating Ligands and their Products with the Model Nucleobases 1‐Methylthymine and 1‐Methyluracil

The reactions of [Pt(dpma)(H₂O)₂]²⁺ (dpma = 2,2′‐dipyridylmethylamine) and [Pt(dpk)(H₂O)₂]²⁺ (dpk = 2,2′‐dipyridylketone) with the model nucleobases 1‐methylthymine (1‐MeT) and 1‐methyluracil (1‐MeU) were studied. Reaction products were characterized by ¹⁹⁵Pt NMR spectroscopy and by X‐ray structure analysis. The symmetric dpma and dpk diaqua complexes form dinuclear complexes with 1‐methylthymine, acting as secondary bridging ligand via its N3 and O4 donor atoms. [Pt₂(dpma)₂(1‐MeT)₂](ClO₄)₂ · H₂O ( 5 ) and [Pt₂(dpk)(dpk · H₂O)(1‐MeT)₂](PF₆)₂ · 4 H₂O ( 6 ) both show a head‐to‐head arrangement. Biological tests show a significant in vitro antitumor activity of [Pt(dpk)Cl₂] against the human glioma cell line U 87.     

Tris(1,10‐phenanthroline‐κ2N,N′)iron(II) bis(2,4,5‐tricarboxybenzoate) monohydrate and tris(2,2′‐bipyridine‐κ2N,N′)iron(II) 2,5‐dicarboxybenzene‐1,4‐dicarboxylate–benzene‐1,2,4,5‐tetracarboxylic acid–water (1/1/2)

The title compounds, tris(1,10‐phenanthroline‐κ²N,N′)iron(II) bis(2,4,5‐tricarboxybenzoate) monohydrate, [Fe(C₁₂H₈N₂)₃](C₁₀H₅O₈)₂·H₂O, (I), and tris(2,2′‐bipyridine‐κ²N,N′)iron(II) 2,5‐dicarboxybenzene‐1,4‐dicarboxylate–benzene‐1,2,4,5‐tetracarboxylic acid–water (1/1/2), [Fe(C₁₀H₈N₂)₃](C₁₀H₄O₈)·C₁₀H₆O₈·2H₂O, (II), were obtained during an attempt to synthesize a mixed‐ligand complex of Fe^II with an N‐containing ligand and benzene‐1,2,4,5‐tetracarboxylic acid via a solvothermal reaction. In both mononuclear complexes, each Fe^II metal ion is six‐coordinated in a distorted octahedral manner by six N atoms from three chelating 1,10‐phenanthroline or 2,2′‐bipyridine ligands. In compound (I), the Fe^II atom lies on a twofold axis in the space group C2/c, whereas (II) crystallizes in the space group P2₁/n. In both compounds, the uncoordinated carboxylate anions and water molecules are linked by typical O—H...O hydrogen bonds, generating extensive three‐dimensional hydrogen‐bond networks which surround the cations.     

Bis(pyridine‐2,6‐dimethanol‐N,O,O′)cobalt(II) and ‐copper(II) disacchar­inate dihydrate: three‐dimensional structures with extensive hydrogen bonds and aromatic π–π‐stacking interactions

Bis­(pyridine‐2,6‐di­methanol‐N,O,O′)­cobalt(II) disaccharinate dihydrate, [Co(C₇H₉NO₂)₂](C₇H₄NO₃S)₂·2H₂O, (I), and bis­(pyridine‐2,6‐di­methanol‐N,O,O′)copper(II) disaccharinate dihydrate, [Cu(C₇H₉NO₂)₂](C₇H₄NO₃S)₂·2H₂O, (II), collectively [M(dmpy)₂](sac)₂·2H₂O (where M is Co^II or Cu^II, sac is the saccharinate anion and dmpy is pyridine‐2,6‐di­methanol), are isostructural. The [M(dmpy)₂]²⁺ cations exhibit distorted octahedral geometry in which the two neutral dmpy species act as tripodal N,O,O′‐tridentate ligands. The crystal packing is determined by hydrogen bonding, as well as by weak pyridine–saccharinate π–π‐stacking interactions.     

Synthesis,structure and DNA cleavage of mononuclear Fe(III) complexes with 1,2,4‐triazole‐base ligand

Two new mononuclear iron(III) complexes, [Fe(HL)₂](ClO₄) · (H₂O)_1.75· CH₃CN (1) and [Fe(HL)Cl₂] · DMF (2) [H₂L = 3‐(2‐phenol)‐5‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1,2,4‐triazole] have been synthesized and characterized by X‐ray single‐crystal structure analysis. The single crystal X‐ray crystallographic studies reveal that the central iron atom has a distorted octahedral environment for 1 and a distorted square pyramidal geometry for 2. The DNA cleavage activity of the iron(III) complexes was measured, indicating that the six‐coordinated iron(III) (complex 1) was cleavage inactive and only five‐coordinated complex 2 effectively promoted the cleavage of plasmid DNA in the presence and/or absence of activating agents (peroxide oxygen) at physiological pH and temperature. The mechanism of plasmid DNA cleavage was also studied by adding standard radical scavengers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking in methyl­aminium 4′,7‐dihydroxy­isoflavone‐3′‐sulfonate dihydrate and hexa­aqua­iron(II) bis­(4′,7‐diethoxy­isoflavone‐3′‐sulfonate) tetra­hydrate

In methyl­aminium 4′,7‐dihydroxy­isoflavone‐3′‐sulfonate dihydrate, CH₆N⁺·C₁₅H₉O₇S⁻·2H₂O, 11 hydrogen bonds exist between the methyl­aminium cations, the iso­flavone‐3′‐sulfonate anions and the solvent water mol­ecules. In hexa­aqua­iron(II) bis­(4′,7‐diethoxy­isoflavone‐3′‐sulfonate) tetra­hydrate, [Fe(H₂O)₆](C₁₉H₁₇O₇S)₂·4H₂O, 12 hydrogen bonds exist between the centrosymmetric [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺ cation, the isoflavone‐3′‐sulfonate anions and the solvent water mol­ecules. Additional π–π stacking inter­actions generate three‐dimensional supramolecular structures in both compounds.     

Adducts of bis(acetylacetonato)zinc(II) with 1,10‐phenanthroline and 2,2′‐bipyridine

In each of the zinc(II) complexes bis(acetylacetonato‐κ²O,O′)(1,10‐phenanthroline‐κ²N,N′)zinc(II), [Zn(C₅H₇O₂)₂(C₁₂H₈N₂)], (I), and bis(acetylacetonato‐κ²O,O′)(2,2′‐bipyridine‐κ²N,N′)zinc(II), [Zn(C₅H₇O₂)₂(C₁₀H₈N₂)], (II), the metal center has a distorted octahedral coordination geometry. Compound (I) has crystallographically imposed twofold symmetry, with Z′ = 0.5. The presence of a rigid phenanthroline group precludes intramolecular hydrogen bonding, whereas the rather flexible bipyridyl ligand is twisted to form an intramolecular C—H...O interaction [the chelated bipyridyl ligand is nonplanar, with the pyridyl rings inclined at an angle of 13.4 (1)°]. The two metal complexes are linked by dissimilar C—H...O interactions into one‐dimensional chains. The present study demonstrates the distinct effects of two commonly used ligands, viz. 1,10‐phenanthroline and 2,2′‐bipyridine, on the structures of metal complexes and their assembly.     

Syntheses,Crystal Structures,and Magnetic Properties of Three Metal‐Nitroxide Complexes with the V‐shaped 4, 4′‐Oxybis(benzoate)

Three new metal–nitroxide complexes {[Ni(NIT4Py)₂(obb)(H₂O)₂] · 1.5H₂O}_n ( 1 ), {[Co(NIT4Py)₂(obb)(H₂O)₂] · 2H₂O}_n ( 2 ), and [Co(IM4Py)₂(obb)₂(H₂O)₂][Co(IM4Py)₂(H₂O)₄] · 10H₂O ( 3 ) with the V‐shaped 4,4′‐oxybis(benzoate) [NIT4Py = 2‐(4′‐pyridyl)‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethylimidazoline‐1‐oxyl‐3‐oxide, IM4Py = 2‐(4′‐pyridyl)‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethylimidazoline‐1‐oxide, and obb = 4, 4′‐oxybis(benzoate) anion] were synthesized and structurally characterized. Single‐crystal X‐ray analyses indicate that complexes 1 and 2 crystallize in neutral one‐dimensional (1D) zigzag chains, in which the nitroxide–metal–nitroxide units are linked by the V‐shaped 4,4′‐oxybis(benzoate) anions, whereas complex 3 consists of isolated mononuclear [Co(IM4Py)₂(obb)₂(H₂O)₂]^2– anions and [Co(IM4Py)₂(H₂O)₄]²⁺ ions. Magnetic measurements show that complexes 1 and 2 both exhibit weak antiferromagnetic interactions between the metal ions and the nitroxides.     

Desulfuration and Cyclization of (Z)‐2‐[Amino(pyridine‐2‐yl)methylene]‐ hydrazonecarbothioamide in the Presence of Manganese(II)

The reaction of (Z)‐2‐[amino(pyridine‐2‐yl)methylene]hydrazonecarbothioamide (HAm4DH) with Mn(ClO₄)₂·6H₂O afforded different mononuclear or polynuclear manganese(II) complexes, the nature of which apparently depended on the solvent used. For example, in ethanol a compound of formula [Mn(HAm4DH)₂](ClO₄)₂ ( 1 ) was obtained, where HAm4DH coordinates as a common tridentate NNS donor, but the [Mn(bpy)₂(NCS)₂] complex ( 2 ) (bpy = 2,2'‐bipyridine) has also been obtained – probably due to C–N bond cleavage of the thiosemicarbazone. Nevertheless, in a basic aqueous medium [Mn(bpy)₃](ClO₄)₂·0.5bpy ( 3 ) is formed and there is structural evidence for chemical transformations of the thiosemicarbazone promoted by Mn^II. Thus, the sulfate in {[Mn(py)₄Mn(py)₂(H₂O)₂(μ‐SO₄)₂]·4H₂O}_n ( 4 ) or sulfate and cyclooctasulfur in [Mn(pta)₂(pdo)]₄(SO₄)₂·4H₂O·S₈] ( 5 ), where pta is 3‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐amine and pdo is (2R,4R/2S,4S)‐pentane‐2,4‐diolato, arise from the desulfuration and oxidation of the thiosemicarbazone ligand. The structures of complexes 2 to 5 were established by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The formation of pta is the result of the oxidative cyclization of HAm4DH. In the polynuclear complex 4 , the sulfate acts as an (O,O') bridge between alternating Mn(py)₂(H₂O)₂ and Mn(py)₄ centers. In the tetranuclear complex 5 , pta acts as a bischelating ligand through the N‐pyridine and N‐triazole, and pdo act as a bridge between two manganese atoms. It is also noteworthy that in complexes 4 and 5 hydrogen bonds give rise to different self‐assembly behaviour that leads to complicated supramolecular structures.     

Syntheses,Structures, and Catalytic Activities of Copper(I) Complexes with the Ligand 2(4,5‐Diphenyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)­pyridine

Two copper(I) complexes of compositions [Cu(HL)I]₂ · EtOH ( 1 ) and [Cu(HL)₃]I · MeOH ( 2 ) were synthesized via the reactions of HL [HL = 2(4,5‐diphenyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)pyridine] and CuI in EtOH and MeOH, respectively, under solvothermal conditions. The complexes were characterized by X‐ray single crystal diffraction, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 are catalytically active towards ketalization reaction, giving various ketals under mild conditions.