实验室管理中的人本管理

以忻州师范学院化学实验室为例,介绍了实验室管理中的人本管理.     

Towards computer-supported management of analytical laboratories

In daily practice, the laboratory management must control several complex data flows in the analytical laboratory. Computer aids to support the management are discussed. Commercially available laboratory information management systems (LIMS) apply to the flow of data about the individual samples and the subsequent test results. Additional software modules are needed to deal with data about the performance of the laboratory as an organization, to provide decision support. Two modules for this purpose are presented: FEA for processing of historical laboratory data and LABGEN for application of digital simulation by the laboratory management.     

The process of management review

Management review of the quality-management system is an item in many quality standards and a requirement of the ISO 9001:2000 standard and of laboratory standards ISO 15189 and ISO 17125, and others. These reviews are conducted to ensure that the top management is informed and involved in the quality-management system with respect to continuing adequacy and effectiveness, and opportunities for improvement of the system. The management review is a process that should be conducted and audited utilizing the process approach. A process approach is defined as “An activity using resources and managed in order to enable the transformation of inputs into outputs” (ISO 9001:2000). All identified main processes in the quality system should be monitored through data collection by appropriate methods, assuring that data are valid, representative, and adequate. For management review data must be collected and presented in an accessible form so that processes can be evaluated according to objectives, goals, resources, etc. On the basis of this information the laboratory management makes the necessary decisions and ensure that actions are taken that improve the effectiveness of the quality-management system. As output from the management review process, there should be evidence of decisions regarding: change of quality policy and objectives; plans and possible actions for improvements; corrective actions as appropriate; increased customer satisfaction; and planning of resources needs. Identification of the processes involved and using the process approach in the management review ensures the continual improvement of the quality system. Presented at the conference Quality in the Spotlight, March 2006, Antwerp, Belgium.     

Laboratory cost management.

Laboratory cost management deals with the economical use of laboratory resources such as capital, equipment and manpower. Cost analysis is a tool for cost management, by means of which the laboratory manager can properly set priorities, choose appropriate test procedures, set personnel policies and make better investments of his resources. This article sets out some important aspects of cost analysis, such as the construction of cost curves, the factors that enter into cost analysis, the context in which cost analysis is used, and the limitations of this type of analysis.     

Comparative analysis of chemicals management systems

A comparative analysis of international, regional, and national, including Russian systems of chemicals management is performed. The review is focused on the approaches and tools that favor sustainable development in the provision of chemical safety.     

Workflow management: changing your organization through simulation

This paper discusses first performance measures for clinical laboratories. In order to realize a required performance, workflow management is essential. The use of discrete event simulation is discussed with regard to analysing and designing a workflow management system. This is illustrated by a simple example.     

Plastics waste management in Europe

Environmental concern about waste problems and regulatory measures from the governments have increased during the last decade. Plastics waste management has become a major strategic issue for the European plastics industry. A statistical study provides data on plastics consumption, post-users plastics waste arisings based on a life-time analysis and plastics recovery in the year 1989. An end-use sectorial split-up into sectors like municipal solid waste, automotive waste, agricultural waste, construction, as well as large distribution waste, will serve as a base for an integrated plastics waste management concept including recycling of mono-material and co-mingled waste, chemical recycling, energy recovery and landfill. An overview gives examples for ongoing plastics recycling activities in Western Europe and an outlook to the year 2000 is presented.     

Asymmetric polymer electrolyte membranes for water management of fuel cells

Water management is one of the critical issues of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells because dehydration of a membrane increases membrane-resistance whereas excessive water flooding at the cathode impedes the gaseous diffusion of oxygen to reaction sites at the wetted catalyst surface. In this study, we have developed an asymmetric polymer electrolyte membrane that facilitates water management. The structural modification of the membrane strongly affected water management, due primarily to the fact that water must move through the membrane during fuel cell operation. The asymmetric membrane improved transport of water from the cathode to the anode when the hydrophilic side of the membrane located to the cathode, thereby enhancing overall fuel cell performance under both fully humidified and non-humidified conditions.     

The human factor in quality management

 "Quality management is not just a strategy. It must be a new style of working, even a new style of thinking. A dedication to quality and excellence is more than good business. It is a way of life, giving something back to society, offering your best to others" (George Bush 1991). From this statement it becomes immediately clear that the human factor plays an eminent role in quality management. Therefore, some important relevant aspects of quality management are highlighted which are not so frequently discussed elsewhere. Various definitions and statements on quality lead to the fact that quality depends essentially on people. Some thoughts are developed on the Japanese quality culture which contributed essential impulses to the evolution of certain quality installations such as quality circles. The Japanese also developed a philosophy of quality, Kaizen, which is significantly different from Western industrial quality concepts. Kaizen works well in a slow growth economy, contrary to Western innovation which is more suited to the fast growth economy of the past. Some ideas on the quality control of top management as well as on the quality control of ourselves are expressed and it is shown how this is related to ethical principles. Every human society is as successful as: its intrinsic degree of honesty and righteousness, its degree of prevention of corruption and nepotism, and its readiness to work hard for personal advancement and for the sake of the community. Leadership, political or economic, is a special cultural effort – or at least it should be. But the striving for quality must be everybody's business in a company. It is the old 'pride of workmanship' which is greatly lost in today's industrial structures, and which is so absolutely important to again find satisfaction and contentment in our work. It is shown that the human factor in quality management, apart from all the necessary formal and institutional regulations, is of major importance, but very often neglected, especially in the present situation of over-rationalization. It is shown that dynamic equilibria do not only regulate chemical and biological systems but also operate in our psychic world. Unfortunately, there is a tendency to unhealthy extremes in the latter, e.g. to workaholics or neo-capitalism. Installations of total quality management such as systems, procedural and product audits are important facets of modern quality assurance. They are again closely related to human behaviour, as well as the procedure of company and laboratory accreditation. Finally the "Codex Hammurabi" shows that product liability was a clearly regulated issue in ancient Babylon, 2200 BC. This may be indicative of the fact that many new trends propagated by management gurus usually stem from a very old part of the wisdom of mankind but they are newly decorated and formed to modern slogans. Received: 11 May 1999 / Accepted: 24 September 1999     

Quality management education over the Internet

We describe a program for continuing education in Quality management and metrology. It may be followed by class lectures, by videoconference or by individual distance learning over the Internet. An important feature for students who attend classes is visits to selected institutions for demonstrations of quality management in practice. For students using distance learning, multimedia presentations containing a total of 2 h of video and supporting documentation is the alternative to the visits. The program is aimed at personnel from all fields, and its emphasis is on the generality of quality principles, attitudes and motivation for quality thinking, measurements in quality work, as well as the use of system audits and other elements of quality management in related fields.     

Utilization of a computer using programless language for radiation protection management

Utilization of the computer for radiation control is planned and performed in many radioisotope laboratories. But each laboratory has their own situation which makes the planning difficult with respect to the hardware and particularly to the software. What is the most important is that the practice of radiation management is different for each laboratory both in point of view and in the form of recording. Therefore, the computer program for the radiation management, especially for the management of radioisotopes is required to meet many amendments. In this standpoint, we have developed a "programless language" or "programless software" and have used in our work for several years. As the result of our experience, we have found that the programless language is quite satisfactory for the management of radioisotopes and that it has an advantage in some aspects over conventional programs. It is thought that this "programless language" is effective not only for our own works, but also applicable to other radioisotope laboratories.     

Benchmarking and quality management indicators in three medical laboratories

The aim of this study was to calculate various annual quality management indicators and implement them as a management tool in laboratories. The study was performed in three laboratories over five years, from 2000 to 2004. These laboratories are part of the XHUP (Public Hospital Network in Catalonia). We collected 20 annual items over five years and calculated 20 annual indicators. The Laboratory Manual Index Program from the College of American Pathologists was used as a reference. We also compared an analytical quality indicator versus productivity and calculated annual budget laboratory deviation. The information obtained from these indicators provides laboratories with a useful benchmarking tool to determine the results of management change and understand the real situation in laboratories. We found a lack of standardisation in management data. A future area of work could involve unifying some of the different characteristics. Presented at the Conference Quality in the Spotlight, March 2006, Antwerp, Belgium.     

Quality management in wastewater treatment plants

A quality management system has been designed for process analyses in wastewater plants. The quality management concept consists of a quality manual, quality control charts used together with certified reference materials, and proficiency testing. Certified reference materials have been used to eliminate basic analytical errors. Proficiency testing has been conducted by VKI, the Reference Laboratory for Environmental Chemistry, subcontracted by the Danish Environmental Protection Agency. In the first proficiency test the analytical quality was comparable in general to the quality of routine environmental laboratories. One of the simplified analytical systems resulted, however, in a low recovery of nitrate in wastewater. The COD results reported in the proficiency test were slightly higher than the theoretical values.     

Need for quality management in research and development

 There is growing interest in setting up a general concept for quality management and quality control in research and development, which in this case means, for example, research in the fields of medicine and social sciences. This article is a strong plea for a quality management system in all fields of research and development and will probably initiate broad discussion on this delicate topic. Received: 28 June 1998 · Accepted: 13 July 1998     

A life cycle approach to method management

This paper describes a life cycle model for method management, using existing published models for software life cycles as a basis. A direct analogy is drawn between the processes in method life cycles and those established for software development, and the constituent parts of the processes that occur in the method life cycle are explored in some detail. It is concluded that a life cycle model can usefully be applied to method management and the main principles are summarised. An example is included to illustrate how life cycle principles can be applied to a real situation. Received: 6 October 2000 Accepted: 7 March 2001     

Supply and waste management of radioisotopes in Japan

Radioisotopes have been widely used in Japan. The total number of facilities working with radioisotopes or radiation instruments reached to 5,509 in 1993. The state of supply of radioisotopes and management of radioactive wastes generated from the use of radioisotopes is described.     

Acrylamide: considerations for risk management

The presence of acrylamide in many carbohydrate-rich foods is due to its formation during conventional heating and preparation methods. Although acrylamide is established to be a toxic substance, the implications to public health from the amounts found in food are not clear. A better scientific understanding is required to help determine whether, and to what extent, formal risk management action might be necessary. Since acrylamide in food was highlighted in 2002, numerous investigations and initiatives have been developed, including international collaborations across governments, industry, research organizations, and consumer representations. The newly generated information is being used to help the overall understanding of this issue. In particular, new information on health aspects will be important to update the scientific risk assessment. The basis for decisions on possible risk management measures would then be clearer. If future risk assessment concludes that the amounts of acrylamide in food can pose a health threat, then options for risk management will need to be considered, such as limits, guide levels, codes of practice, guidance information, and advice to the food and catering industries and to consumers. In the meantime, it is possible to benefit from progress already made on how acrylamide is formed in food and on ways to lower the amounts present. Raising awareness to the approaches that can reduce the presence of acrylamide in food should be encouraged. Where feasible, such approaches can be assessed for practical use in production, processing, and preparation of the relevant food products.     

Investigation of porous media effects on lithium-ion battery thermal management

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - The utilization of porous media and its effects on thermal management of internally cooled lithium-ion battery with the aid of porous media has been...     

小型化学实验室信息管理系统设计

一个实验室每时每刻都会产生大量的复杂信息,这些信息主要是一些测量、分析的数据,以及许多维持实验室运行管理的数据。每一个实验室为维护这些数据需要大量的人力和物力,而且效率低下,容易出错,不利于数据的快速科学分析。大规模实验室的管理则头绪繁多。解决这类问题的有效办法,就是引入LIMS-实验室信息管理系统。     

Advanced polymeric dendrimers in the management of Alzheimer's disease

In recent years, advanced polymeric dendrimers have emerged as a promising avenue for AD management. Dendrimers are highly branched, three-dimensional macromolecules with precise nanoarchitectures, making them ideal candidates for the delivery of therapeutic agents and diagnostic tools. Their unique properties, such as well-defined size, multifunctionality, and controlled surface chemistry, allow for the design of targeted and highly efficient drug delivery systems and diagnostic probes. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the potential applications of advanced polymeric dendrimers in the management of Alzheimer's disease. We explored their role in drug delivery, diagnostics, and other therapeutic interventions for AD. Additionally, we will delve into the challenges and opportunities in utilizing dendrimers as a key player in the battle against this devastating disease. The review will begin by discussing the current state of Alzheimer's disease, including its pathological features, clinical manifestations, and existing treatment strategies. It will then transition to an in-depth examination of polymeric dendrimers, highlighting their structural characteristics, synthesis methods, and biocompatibility. Subsequently, the review will delve into the various ways in which dendrimers can be tailored for AD management, including drug encapsulation and delivery, enhanced blood–brain barrier penetration, and targeted diagnostic imaging. Furthermore, we explored the potential benefits of dendrimer-based therapies, such as improved drug efficacy, reduced side effects, and enhanced patient compliance. The review will also address the challenges associated with dendrimer-based approaches, including toxicity concerns, regulatory hurdles, and the need for rigorous clinical evaluation.