消解乳化-火焰原子发射光谱法测定丁苯橡胶中钠和钾

用消解乳化技术处理丁苯橡胶样品，先用浓硝酸消解样品，再用乙醇-甲基异丁基酮混合溶剂溶解消解产物，并用乳化剂Triton X-100乳化成乳浊液。以钡离子作为钠和钾的消电离剂，以空白溶液为参比，用工作曲线法测定，建立了快速测定丁苯橡胶中钠和钾的FAES法。对溶剂及乳化剂、试液与空白溶液粘度的一致性、干扰及检出限进行了考察。测定结果的相对标准偏差小于2．4％，加标回收率98．0％～104．7％。     

非完全消化-分光光度法测定环烷酸钴中钴

用非完全消化法处理环烷酸钴样品，即先用(1 3)HClO4-HNO3混合酸及H2O2消解破坏样品，使Co^2 游离出来，再用乳化剂Triton X-100溶解残存的环烷酸根而配制成透明的样品溶液。采用Co^2 -5-Br-PADAP-OP显色体系测定钴，在硫磷混合酸介质中共存元素与5-Br-PADAP形成的有色络合物被分解破坏，从而达到消除干扰的目的。建立了非完全消化-分光光度法测定环烷酸钴中钴的分析方法。对测定条件、线性范围进行了考察。测定结果与灰化法-分光光度法一致，相对标准偏差小于0．7％，加标回收率97．4％～103．0％。     

非完全消化-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水果中铜铁锌

用非完全消化法处理杏、油桃和草莓样品,即在低温下用浓硝酸-高氯酸(3+1)混合酸消解样品,再加入乳化剂TX-10溶解消化过程中所产生的油脂,将所得橙红色的均匀透明溶液用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定其中铜、铁和锌元素的含量.对样品处理条件、混合酸中杂质及共存TX-10的干扰进行了试验.铜、铁和锌的检出限(3s/k)分别为0.019,0.145,0.009 mg·L-1.用此法测定水果实样中铜、铁和锌的含量,所得结果与灰化法测定结果相一致.     

消解氨溶-火焰原子发射光谱法测定丁苯橡胶中的钾、钠

和浓硝酸消解了丁苯橡胶样品，再用氨水溶解消解产物。取适量消解产物的氨溶液，加入消电离剂Li^ 配制成试液，以工作曲线法测定。对样品处理方法、消解产物的溶解性质、线性范围、干扰及检出限进行了考察。测定结果的相对标准偏差小于3．9％，加标回收率为97．3％－103．7％。建立了快速同时测定丁苯橡胶中钾、钠的火焰原子发射光谱法。     

非完全消化-火焰原子光谱法测定奶粉中钙镁铁锌

用非完全消化法处理奶粉样品，建立了用火焰原子光谱法测定奶粉中钙、镁、铁、锌的快速分析方法。在低温下用浓硝酸消化奶粉至溶液透明，加乳化剂OP溶解消化过程中所产生的油脂，可获得一均匀、透明的样品溶液。以发射法测定钙，用吸收法测定镁、铁和锌。以Sr^2 作为测定钙、镁的释放剂。对样品消解每件及干扰进行了考察。测定结果的相对标准偏差小于2．4％，加标回收率在98．8％～102．0％之间。方法简便、准确。     

消解乳化-火焰原子光谱法测定氯丁橡胶中的钠钾镁锌

用消解乳化技术处理氯丁橡胶样品,即先用浓硝酸消解样品,再用乙醇 甲基异丁基酮混合溶剂溶解消解产物并用乳化剂TritonX 100或OP乳化成乳浊液。以原子吸收法测定镁、锌,以原子发射法测定钠、钾,建立了快速测定氯丁橡胶中钠、钾、镁、锌的火焰原子光谱法(FAS)法。分别以硝酸钾、Ba2 作为钠、钾的消电离剂。对样品处理方法、溶剂及乳化剂的选择、试液与空白溶液粘度的一致性、各种干扰及检出限进行了考察。测定结果的相对标准偏差<1.5%,加标回收率99.5%～103 0%。     

原子吸收光谱法测定新生儿脐血中微量金属元素

将样品用硝酸消解预处理后,用原子吸收光谱法测定新生儿脐血中微量金属元素Fe、Zn、Cu、Ca、Mg。对酸介质浓度、共存元素的干扰等进行了探讨,该方法的平均加标回收率为94．9％～101．3%。Fe、Zn、Cu、Ca、Mg测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为0．70％、4．70％、5．26%、3．54％、1.10%。     

微波消解ICP-MS法测定广西北部湾海鸭蛋中硒和锗的含量

以硝酸-过氧化氢（体积比为5：3）混合溶液为消解剂,微波消解法处理海鸭蛋样品,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定样品溶液中的硒和锗的含量。选择适合的同位素元素,运用碰撞室技术（CCT）降低多原子离子对元素硒、锗的干扰,用钇作为在线内标。硒、锗工作曲线的线性范围均为0．0-100．0ng／mL,相关系数r=0．9996;硒、锗的检出限分别为1．1,0．15ng／mL,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为4．78％,5．70％（n=6）,加标回收率为92．2％-104．0％。用该法测定国家标准物质黄鱼（GBW08573）中硒的含量,测定值在标称值范围内。     

微波消解-火焰原子吸收法测定土壤中的钴

建立了微波消解一火焰原子吸收法测定土壤中钴的方法：用微波消解土壤、电热板加热驱酸的方法对土壤样品进行前处理,优化了微波消解条件。方法的加标回收率为93．0％～106．0％,检出限为3．0μg/g,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2．1％～4．9％（n=6）。     

悬浮液技术-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定明胶中钙镁

用悬浮液技术处理明胶样品。将样品烘干、粉碎、过筛,制备成琼脂悬浮液。取适量样品悬浮液加入释放剂Sr2+配制成试剂,喷入空气-乙炔火焰进行测定,建立了悬浮液技术-火焰原子吸收光谱法快速测定明胶中钙、镁的分析方法。以空白溶液为参比,用工作曲线法测定。对琼脂溶液用量、化学干扰、试液与空白溶液粘度一致性、背景吸收干扰及检出限进行了考察。测定结果与灰化法一致,相对误差小于±0．9％,相对标准偏差小于5．2％。方法简便、准确。     

中国硫回收技术进展(英文)

综述了国内硫回收技术的现状,并对今后１０－１５年内硫回收技术的发展进行了展望。     

INCREASED UV EXPOSURE IN FINLAND IN 1993

Abstract—
Exceptionally low total ozone, up to 40% below the normal level, was measured over Northern Europe during winter and spring in 1992 and 1993. In 1993 the depletion persisted up to the end of May, resulting in a significant increase of biologically effective UV radiation. The increases were significantly smaller in 1992 and 1994 than in 1993. The UV exposure of the Finnish population was evaluated through measurements and theoretical calculations. The increase in measured erythemal (International Lighting Commission) UV falling onto horizontal surfaces on clear days was determined relative to model calculations for an average ozone amount. The increase was on average 10% from April to May 1993, and the maximal measured increase was 34%. Theoretical calculations for both erythemal and carcinogenic (Skin Cancer Utrecht-Philadelphia) UV indicated that in 1993 the theoretical annual increase to a vertical (cylinder) surface ranged from 8 to 13% in Finland. The reflection of UV from snow considerably increases facial UV doses in Northern Finland.     

COLLOID CHEMISTRY IN PETROLEUM INDUSTRY IN CHINA

Wool-wax alcohols are remarkably effective in stabilization of water-in-oil emulsions. The structural changes in the continuous phase have been analysed by X-ray diffraction technique between the emulsification temperature, when the alcohol phase is liquid, down to room temperature. Evidence is given for the formation of sterol multilayer structure at the oil/water interface. The bilayer thickness of the sterols is 34,3 Å, and at about 37 °C there is a transition into a phase with X-ray data in close agreement with these of anhydrous cholesterol. The aliphatic alcohol molecules, which thus separate from the sterol molecules, start to form an ordered structure at about 50 °C. First a lamellar liquid-crystalline phase is formed with a bilayer thickness of 41,1 Å. Ano α-crystal phase, with hexagonal chain packing and vertical molecules is formed at further cooling to about 40 °C. The relation between emulsion stability and ordered interfacial structure is discussed.     

ICP-AES 法测定我国三个不同地域生长的板栗中20种元素

应用ICP—AES测定了我国三个不同地域生长的板栗中20种无机元素的含量并作了成分的比较研究，对试样的溶解条件及仪器的工作参数也进行了研究和优化。各元素分析结果的RSD值在0．11％～6．9％之间，回收率在95．1％～108．0％之间。     

食品中氯丙醇测定方法研究进展

对食品中氯丙醇的检测方法进行了探讨,包括气相色谱法、气相色谱-质谱联用法、顶空-气相色谱法等,并针对样品处理所用衍生化方法作了详细介绍及对比。     

RHODOPSIN-PHOSPHOLIPID INTERACTION IN DETERGENT AND IN THE DISK

Abstract— Solubilization of cattle disk membrane in deoxycholate shifted the fluorescence emission maximum from 324 to 331 nm without changing the intensity. Tryptophyl residues are probably located at the hydrophobic interface between rhodopsin and phospholipid. Depletion of deoxycholate concentration from the solubilized disk by Sephacryl 200 column chromatography produced rhodopsin-phospholipid complexes with different characteristics that are the intermediate stages of membrane formation from homogeneous molecular solution. Association of rhodopsin takes place in a two-dimensional way even in the appreciably low content of phospholipid.
Sedimentation velocity studies showed that reassociation of lipid and rhodopsin occurs in 0.2% deoxycholate as well as in 0.05% sodium dodecylsulfate.
By using Sephacryl column we can now prepare, within 60 min, the rhodopsin-lipid complex that can form large vesicles in response to the addition of MgCl₂ without dialysis. This type of lipoprotein complex will be useful to the study of the mechanism of the two dimensional membrane formation.     

TRANSPORT OF LIGHT IN TISSUE IN PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY

Abstract The dose rate in photodynamic therapy is proportional to the energy fluence rate and the concentration of the photosensitizer. Calculations of the energy fluence rate have been performed in slab, cylindrical and spherical geometries with the discrete ordinates transport method and diffusion theory. The attentuation of the energy fluence rate is least in slab geometry and greatest in spherical geometry. Violet (405 nm) light is attenuated much more rapidly than red (630 nm) light. Small tissue dimensions or narrow beam irradiation further decrease the energy fluence rate with radius and depth. Anisotropic scattering increases the energy fluence rate at large depths, but decreases it near the source. Measurements of the absolute energy fluence rate vs depth in a mouse tumor model exhibit an order of magnitude attenuation through the skin and a 3 mm thick tumor. Calculations of the energy fluence rate of the DHE fluorescence have been carried out to guide measurement of the concentration. Violet light excitation is much more efficient than red light excitation.