材料化学课程内容与专业课程体系设置的探析

材料化学是材料学与化学等学科交叉、渗透下产生的一门新兴交叉学科,其学科内容还没有得到一致的认同,对应材料化学课程的内容往往与材料化学专业开设的其他课程内容出现重叠.本文通过对材料化学专业要求、核心知识领域以及材料化学学科概念的分析,对材料化学课程内容和材料化学专业课程体系的设置作了初步的探讨.     

培养发展型教师的化学教学论课程改革

从课程目标、课程内容、教学方法和课程评价 4个方面论述了培养发展型教师的化学教学论课程的改革 ,提出了一些观点及可操作的实施方法     

化学教师开发特色校本课程的实践研究

就化学教师怎样开发开设高质量、有化学学科特色的校本课程,从4个方面进行了实践探索：预设课程目标、精选课程内容,活用教学方法、积极展开评价,并结合具体案例“走进化学科学发展史”进行了阐述。     

硅元素的发展及其在生产科技与生活中的应用

半导体材料硅，在第三周期IVA族，核外有4个电子，具有较稳定的结构。简述了硅的发展应用史；从化学角度，对单质硅材料、二氧化硅材料、有机硅材料等几个典型材料的元素结构、制备工艺、反应机理和应用机理等方面进行详细分析；总结展望了硅元素未来的发展。     

回望我国近30年来基础化学教育的改革与发展

我国近30年来,特别是近10年来的基础化学教育课程和教学改革所取得的成果十分丰硕。本文从5个方面进行总括和述评：）1）适应科学教育发展的需求,变革化学课程结构与组织形态;）2）重新建构课程内容体系,实现化学教材编制的多样化;）3）革新化学课程内容的呈现方式,促进学生有效学习;）4）强化评价的激励作用,实行全面性的化学课程评价体制;）5）培养专业化的教师队伍,促进化学教师教育的发展。     

促进职前化学教师PCK发展的课程设计研究

以PCK发展为切入点对“化学教学技能训练”课程进行系统的课程设计。该课程设计结合我国教师教育课程设置的现状,利用PCK与化学教学技能的内在联系,强调课程目标确定、课程内容选择、课程内容组织等方面的整体优化设计,实现PCK与化学教学技能双促进的学习效果。     

高师院校中学化学实验类课程的内容研究

结合中学化学课程改革与化学实验的发展、化学专业师范生的成长,从课程内容设计模型的架构、课程内容的选择、课程内容体系的构建及课程内容的实施等方面对高师院校中学化学实验类课程的内容进行了系统研究。     

新型无机材料中的化学

在几千年社会文明的发展过程中 ,材料一直是人类赖以生活和生产的物质基础。现代社会中 ,材料的重要作用变得更加突出。从 2 0世纪末开始 ,材料科学的发展突飞猛进 ,新材料和新工艺不断涌现 ,这在很大程度上改变了社会的面貌。化学在材料科学中的作用主要表现在两个方面 :首先 ,化学肩负着发现新分子、新结构和新材料的任务。化学家是第一个看到新分子和新材料的人 ,因此化学家在材料研究中处于近水楼台先得月的有利地位。其次 ,材料性能的优化、材料的改性和材料的制备工艺都以化学过程为基础。到目前为止这部分工作仍主要以实验和经验为基…     

磁性明胶微球的制备及表征

生物高分子磁性微球作为性能优异的功能高分子材料在固定化酶、靶向药物、细胞分离和免疫分析等方面显示出强大的生命力。我们曾用凝胶-微乳液法化学剪裁技术制备了明胶包裹的复合磁性微粒,本文用共沉淀法制备磁性Fe3O4微晶作为磁性内核,明胶为包裹材料,     

摩擦化学的主要研究领域及其发展趋势

本文从摩擦过程中表面产生的化学效应、干摩擦及油润滑状态下的摩擦化学三个方面评述了摩擦化学的研究内容和进展; 介绍了摩擦化学在材料制备中的应用及摩擦化学的研究方法; 对摩擦化学研究中存在的问题及其发展趋势进行了讨论。     

红外光声光谱技术结合稳健回归用于油菜籽定量分析

将稳健偏最小二乘回归和偏稳健M回归应用于油菜籽红外光声光谱分析中含氮量、含油量与硫苷含量的测定。结果表明,利用红外光声光谱技术可以实现油菜籽品质的快速测定。同时,稳健回归模型较经典偏最小二乘回归模型可以更好地规避异常值影响,进而优化定量分析结果;其中,稳健偏M回归稍优于稳健偏最小二乘回归。     

Development of a High-Fibre Multigrain Bar Technology with the Addition of Curly Kale

The aim of this study was to find the effect of kale and dietary fibre (DF) on the physicochemical properties, nutritional value and sensory quality of multigrain bars. A recipe of multigrain bars was prepared with the addition of fresh kale (20% and 30%) and DF preparations (apple, blackcurrant, chokeberry and hibiscus). The bars were baked at 180 °C for 20 min. These snack bars, based on pumpkin seeds, sunflower seeds, flaxseed and wholegrain oatmeal, are a high-calorie product (302–367 kcal/100 g). However, the composition of the bars encourages consumption. In addition to the ability to quickly satisfy hunger, such bars are rich in many natural ingredients that are considered pro-health (high fibre content (9.1–11.6 g/100 g), protein (11.2–14.3 g/100 g), fat (17.0–21.1 g/100 g, including unsaturated fatty acids), carbohydrates (20.5–24.0 g/100 g), as well as vitamins, minerals and a large number of substances from the antioxidant group. The addition of kale caused a significant increase of water content, but reduction in the value of all texture parameters (TPA profiles) as well as calorific values. The content of polyphenols was strongly and positively correlated with the antioxidant activity (r = 0.92). In the bars with 30% addition of kale (422 mg GA/100 g d.m.), the content of polyphenols was significantly higher than based ones (334 mg GA/100 g d.m.). Bars with the addition of the DF were characterized by a higher antioxidant activity, and the content of carotenoids, chlorophyll A and B and polyphenols. High sensory quality was demonstrated for all (from 4.8 to 7.1 on a 10-point scale). The addition of fibre preparations was also related to technological aspects and allows to create attractive bars without additional chemicals.     

中英化学教材“化学反应速率”内容比较研究

“化学反应速率”综合体现了微粒观、实验观及科学本质观等化学基本观念,是提高学生科学素养的重要载体。从内容选取、内容编排与内容呈现3个方面对英国索尔特高级化学课程教材与国内化学教材中“化学反应速率”相关内容的编写进行比较,并简要阐述几点对化学教材编写和化学教学的启示。     

用燃烧炉及离子色谱仪测定原油中总氯、有机氯、无机氯含量的方法研究

使用燃烧炉及离子色谱仪测定原油中总氯含量,然后用常压蒸馏方法(ASTM D86)进行原油切割,得到204℃前馏分油,以燃烧炉及离子色谱仪测定其中有机氯含量,换算得到原油中有机氯含量,最后通过差减法计算得到原油中无机氯含量.     

Antioxidant activities and bioactive compounds of five Jalopeno peppers (Capsicum annuum) cultivars

The present study was designed to evaluate the contents of different antioxidants compounds and their antioxidant activities in Jalopeno peppers (Capsicum annuum) cultivars (El Dorido, Grande, Tula, Sayula and El Rey) extracts. Free radical scavenging activity of Grande was recorded as high as 87% followed by El Dorido (83%). Results of reducing power (Fe³⁺ to Fe²⁺) showed that Grande (0.85%) and El Dorido (0.81%) fruit extract absorbance value were close to synthetic antioxidant BHT (0. 97%) obtained at100 μg/mL. The results showed that total phenolic content of El Dorido and Grande were significantly higher compared to other Jalapeno pepper. Results indicated strong and positive correlation between antioxidant activity and carotenoids content (r = 0.75), vitamin C (r = 0.78) and total capsaicinoids (r = 0.84), respectively. The results of the antioxidant activity assays showed that the El Dorido and Grande had strongest antioxidant activity compared to other peppers cultivars in this study.     

6国高中化学教材中“化学平衡”内容比较

对6国高中化学教材“化学平衡”内容进行了研究,从内容选择、组织编排和呈现3个方面进行比较,分析了各国高中化学教材的特点与优势,重点得出中国高中化学教材在“化学平衡”内容编排、呈现方面的不足及参考性建议。     

Determination of OH groups in humic acids using methylation with dimethylsulfate

The methylation of humic acids (HA) with dimethylsulfate in acetone and methanol followed by the iodometric determination of the methoxy groups (Zeisel reaction) were applied to determine the contents of –OH groups in solid samples of HA of different origins. For the coal- and peat-derived HA samples, the contents of –OH groups determined after methylation in acetone ranged from 6.6 to 8.7 mmol/g, whereas the contents of –OH groups determined after methylation in methanol ranged from 4.0 to 5.0 mmol/g. These differences may be related to the content of carboxylic groups in the HA molecule that were not methylated in methanol, as confirmed by a comparison with results of conventional titrimetric determinations. Observed differences were interpreted as results of different polarity of both solvents and alkalinity of the reaction mixture during the methylation. The contents of alcoholic groups as well as some other minor –OH groups can be estimated using the –OH group contents obtained after methylation in both solvents together with the results of the conventional determinations of acidic functional groups. A repeatability of the –OH groups determination as estimated from a series of triplicate analyses of different HA samples (n = 7) was in range of 0.15–0.73 mmol/g and 0.08–1.06 mmol/g (standard deviations) for methylation in acetone and methanol, respectively. Thus, the average repeatability of the –OH groups determination was estimated to be 0.38 and 0.50 mmol/g for methylation in acetone and methanol, respectively.     

空气中水含量的计算及其在色谱分析中的应用

本文介绍了空气中水含量的计算式并编制了空气中的水含量表。实验证明,表上的数据适用于色谱分析。     

Total phenolic content,ferric reducing and DPPH scavenging activity of Arum dioscoridis

Arum dioscoridis, locally called ‘Gavur pancari’, is a wild plant the leaves of which have been used as vegetable and for preparing special soup which has a sour taste. This study was set up to determine in vitro antioxidant activities and total phenolic and flavonoid contents of different extracts of A. dioscoridis. Free radical scavenging activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing activity with different concentrations of ethanol, methanol, acetone and water extracts of the plant leaves. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were widely variable depending on solvents. Ethanol and methanol extractions of the plant material showed better performances with respect to both phenolic and flavonoid contents, respectively. The highest phenolic and flavonoid contents of ethanol and methanol extracts were 100.890 mg/g GAE and 72.643 mg/g QE, respectively. The lower DPPH scavenging and ferric reducing activities were determined in comparison with previous reports and standard synthetic chemicals.     

核磁共振法测定西洛他唑含量

建立核磁共振（1H NMR）法测定西洛他唑含量的方法。采用BrukerAvanceⅢ400MHz核磁共振波谱仪,以1,2,4,5-四氯-3-硝基苯为内标,氘代氯仿为溶剂,zg30脉冲序列。对实验参数如扫描次数、延迟时间等进行优化。西洛他唑质量在5-30mg范围内,样品和内标物的积分面积比值与样品和内标物的质量比值呈现良好的线性关系,线性相关系数r=0．9953,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于0．4％（n=5）。该方法可用于药品的质量控制和监管。