Synthesis and antiviral activities of synthetic glutarimide derivatives

A series of novel glutarimide compounds were synthesized and their antiviral activities were evaluated. The compounds displaying the strongest antiviral activities included 5, 6f, 7e and 9 against coxsackievirus B3 (Cox B3), 10 and 6f against influenza virus A (influenza A) and 7a against herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2). However, most of the synthetic glutarimides showed comparatively much weaker activity against influenza A, Cox B3 and HSV-2 than the natural glutarimide compounds tested. Based on the results, it seemed likely that a conjugated system at the β-substituted moiety provides stronger antiviral activity.     

Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of novel N-6 substituted adenosine analogues

A series of adenosine analogues were synthesized and their biological evaluation was tested against Coxsackie virus B3 (CVB3) and Herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1) in HEp-2 cells. The hydrophobic constant, acute toxicity, carcinogenicity and mutagenicity were calculated. Analogues with piperazine derivatives 8b showed promising activities against CVB3 with a lower IC₅₀value and higher selectivity index, their efficacy was better than that of the commercialized medicine, Ribavirin. These described adenosine analogues exhibit potent antiviral activities against several viruses, and offer new leads for further development.     

Antiviral Potential of Naphthoquinones Derivatives Encapsulated within Liposomes

HSV infections, both type 1 and type 2, are among the most widespread viral diseases affecting people of all ages. Their symptoms could be mild, with cold sores up to 10 days of infection, blindness and encephalitis caused by HSV-1 affecting immunocompetent and immunosuppressed individuals. The severe effects derive from co-evolution with the host, resulting in immune evasion mechanisms, including latency and growing resistance to acyclovir and derivatives. An efficient alternative to controlling the spreading of HSV mutations is the exploitation of new drugs, and the possibility of enhancing their delivery through the encapsulation of drugs into nanoparticles, such as liposomes. In this work, liposomes were loaded with a series of 2-aminomethyl- 3-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinones derivatives with n-butyl (compound 1), benzyl (compound 2) and nitrobenzene (compound 3) substituents in the primary amine of naphthoquinone. They were previously identified to have significant inhibitory activity against HSV-1. All of the aminomethylnaphthoquinones derivatives encapsulated in the phosphatidylcholine liposomes were able to control the early and late phases of HSV-1 replication, especially those substituted with the benzyl (compound 2) and nitrobenzene (compound 3), which yields selective index values that are almost nine times more efficient than acyclovir. The growing interest of the industry in topical administration against HSV supports our choice of liposome as a drug carrier of aminomethylnaphthoquinones derivatives for formulations of in vivo pre-clinical assays.     

Syntheses of Lactam Derivatives of Chenodeoxycholic Acid and in vitro Antiproliferative Activity

With chenodeoxycholic acid as starting material,a series of lactam derivatives of chenodeoxycholic acid was synthesized and their antiproliferative activities against some cancer cells were determined.Among the synthesized derivatives,compounds 6 and 18 displayed distinct antiproliferative activity against PC-3,H-292,SKBR3 and Hey-1B cancer cells,and compounds 10,17 and 18 showed significant antiproliferative activity against SKBR3 cells.Our results reveal that the position of hydroximino on ring A or B of the parental scaffold dramatically affects the antiproliferative activity of these compounds.The conversion of 7-hydroximino to other substituent or 7-hydroximino to 3-hydroximino in the compounds resulted in a dramatic decrease of the antiproliferative activity,suggesting the importance of 7-hydroximino group for the biological activity of the compounds.The structure/activity correlation generated from the studies provides valuable information for the further design of novel chemotherapeutic drugs.     

V型对称三唑并噻二唑衍生物的合成与生物活性

为构筑V型对称结构的三唑并噻二唑类衍生物, 将间苯二甲酸和5-氨基间苯二甲酸分别与3-脂肪基-1,2,4-三唑(1)缩合, 在POCl₃催化下, 合成了14个V型对称结构三唑并噻二唑稠环衍生物(2a~2g和3a~3g), 其中13个化合物为首次合成.通过红外光谱、 核磁共振波谱和高分辨质谱等对目标产物的结构进行了表征. 研究了目标产物对细胞周期分裂蛋白25B(Cdc25B)和蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶1B(PTP1B)的抑制性能, 结果发现, 部分目标产物对Cdc25B表现出良好的抑制活性, 其中化合物3b和3f的抑制活性IC₅₀值分别为(1.34±0.39)和(0.61±0.09) μg/mL, 有望作为治疗癌症的潜在Cdc25B抑制剂; 化合物3b~3g对PTP1B均表现出良好的抑制活性, 其中化合物3b和3e的IC₅₀值分别为(0.36±0.05)和(0.97±0.08) μg/mL, 有望作为治糖尿病的潜在PTP1B抑制剂.     

Discovery of Cysteine and Its Derivatives as Novel Antiviral and Antifungal Agents

Based on the structure of the natural product cysteine, a series of thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acids were designed and synthesized. All target compounds bearing thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid were characterized by ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, and HRMS techniques. The antiviral and antifungal activities of cysteine and its derivatives were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The results of anti-TMV activity revealed that all compounds exhibited moderate to excellent activities against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) at the concentration of 500 μg/mL. The compounds cysteine (1), 3–4, 7, 10, 13, 20, 23, and 24 displayed higher anti-TMV activities than the commercial plant virucide ribavirin (inhibitory rate: 40, 40, and 38% at 500 μg/mL for inactivation, curative, and protection activity in vivo, respectively), especially compound 3 (inhibitory rate: 51%, 47%, and 49% at 500 μg/mL for inactivation, curative, and protection activity in vivo, respectively) with excellent antiviral activity emerged as a new antiviral candidate. Antiviral mechanism research by TEM exhibited that compound 3 could inhibit virus assembly by aggregated the 20S protein disk. Molecular docking results revealed that compound 3 with higher antiviral activities than that of compound 24 did show stronger interaction with TMV CP. Further fungicidal activity tests against 14 kinds of phytopathogenic fungi revealed that these cysteine derivatives displayed broad-spectrum fungicidal activities. Compound 16 exhibited higher antifungal activities against Cercospora arachidicola Hori and Alternaria solani than commercial fungicides carbendazim and chlorothalonil, which emerged as a new candidate for fungicidal research.     

Synthesis and antiviral activity of novel 1,3,4-thiadiazine derivatives

A series of novel 1,3,4-thiadiazine derivatives were synthesized via chemical optimization on phthiobuzone. Their anti-herpes simplex virus (HSV) activities in vitro were also tested. Several compounds exhibited more highly potent anti-HSV activity and much higher selectivity index (SI) values than those of phthiobuzone. The most potent anti-HSV compound was 4f, which showed marked inhibition against HSV-1 (IC??=77.04 μg/ml) and HSV-2 (IC??=30.00 μg/ml). Meanwhile it had low cytotoxicity (CC??=1000.00 μg/ml), resulting in high (SI(HSV-1)=12.98, SI(HSV-2)=33.33, respectively). Furthermore, a computational study for prediction of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME) properties of compound 4f was performed by determination of topological polar surface area, absorption and Lipinski parameters.     

Synthesis and bioactivity of novel nitric oxide-releasing ursolic acid derivatives

A series of furoxan-based novel nitric oxide-donating ursolic acid(UA) derivatives(7a-f) were synthesized,and their cytotoxic activities against HepG2 cells in vitro were evaluated by MTT method.It was found that 7a-d and 7f showed more potent cytotoxic activities than control 5-fluorouracil and UA.     

Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of 1,3-dimethyl-6-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-YL)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione derivatives

Some 6-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione derivatives were synthesized via the reaction of 6-azido-1,3-dimethyluracil with ethyl acetoacetate in the presence of sodium ethoxide. The antiviral activities of these compounds against Hepatitis A virus (HAV, MBB-cell culture adapted strain) and Herpes simples virus type-1 (HSV-1) were tested.     

Synthesis of 4′-substituted 2′-deoxy-4′-thiocytidines and its evaluation for antineoplastic and antiviral activities

4′-Azido- (7), 4′-C-fluoromethyl- (8) 4′-C-ethynyl- (9) and 4′-C-cyano- (10) 2′-deoxy-4′-thiocytidines have been synthesized. In this study, it was found that the isolated yield of 4′-thiouracil nucleoside 13 in a Lewis acid-promoted Vorbrüggen-type glycosidation utilizing 12 was better than that of the electrophilic glycosidation reaction between silylated uracil and 11. This improved result prompted us to perform the glycosidation utilizing 36 and 43 for the synthesis of 37 and 44. Introduction of the azido group was carried out by nucleophilic substitution in the 4′-benzoyloxy derivative 22a. On the other hand, 9 and 10 were synthesized by way of the chemical manipulation of the hydroxymethyl group at the 4′-position of 46.Evaluation of the antineoplastic activity of 2 and 7–10 against human B-cell (CCRF-SB) and T-cell leukemia (Molt-4) cell lines revealed that 4′-azido- (7) and 4′-C-fluoromethyl- (8) derivatives exhibited cytotoxic activity whereas no cytotoxicity was observed in the 4′-C-ethynyl- (9) and 4′-C-cyano- (10) derivatives as well as the parent compound 2. Compound 7 was also found to possess promising antiviral activity against VZV and HSV-1 without any cytotoxity against HEL host cells. It is noteworthy that 7 exhibited potent inhibitory activities against the thymidine kinase-deficient (TK^?) mutant of VZV and HSV-1.     

新型1-(1,3,5-三嗪-6-基)-3-甲基-4-(5-苯基-1,3,4-噁二唑-2-基)吡唑的合成及活性评价

设计合成了18个以吡唑桥连1,3,4-噁二唑和1,3,5-三嗪的新型多杂环分子[7A(a~f),7B(a~f)和7C(a~f)];通过红外光谱(IR)、核磁共振波谱(NMR)和高分辨质谱(HRMS)等对目标分子进行了结构表征;评价了目标分子对蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酯酶1B(PTP1B)和细胞分裂周期25磷酸酯酶B(Cdc25B)的抑制活性.结果表明,所有目标分子对PTP1B和Cdc25B均有较好的抑制活性,其中,9个目标分子表现出优异的PTP1B和Cdc25B抑制效果,IC50值低于齐墩果酸(PTP1B抑制活性测试参照物)和正钒酸钠(Cdc25B抑制活性测试阳性参照物),有望成为潜在的PTP1B和Cdc25B抑制剂.     

Search for Compounds with Antiviral Activity Among Maleopimaric Acid Derivatives

Chemistry of Natural Compounds - Three new maleopimaric acid derivatives were synthesized. The antiviral activity of 14 synthesized maleopimaric acid derivatives was tested against influenza virus...     

Chemical modification of an antitumor alkaloid camptothecin: synthesis and antitumor activity of 7-C-substituted camptothecins.

A radical substitution reaction of 20(S)-camptothecin (1) with methanol furnished 7-hydroxymethylcamptothecin (2). Reaction of 1 with primary alcohols higher than methanol gave 7-alkylcamptothecins (4), of which alkyl groups were one carbon less than the alcohols used and also 7-hydroxyalkylcamptothecins (5). For the preparation of 7-alkylcamptothecin (4), aldehydes were used as a radical source and several alkylated derivatives were synthesized. 7-Acyloxymethyl derivatives (6), 7-carbaldehyde (7), iminomethyl derivatives (10), acid (11), esters (12) and amides (13) were synthesized starting from 2. 7-Ethyl- (4b) and 7-propylcamptothecin (4c), acyloxymethyl compounds 6a, 6c and ethyl ester (12b) exhibited higher antitumor activity than 1 against L1210 in mice.     

新型双杂环修饰的酰胺硫醚衍生物的合成和生物活性

首次设计并合成了16个新型1,2,4-三唑与1,3,4-噻二唑双杂环修饰的酰胺硫醚衍生物,并对其进行了结构表征。分别评价了目标分子对蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶1B(PTP1B)和细胞分裂周期25磷酸酶B(Cdc25B)抑制活性,结果发现:16个目标分子对PTP1B具有良好的抑制活性,其中8-C-d和8-D-c的抑制作用最佳,半抑制浓度(IC_(50)值)分别为(1.19±0.22)mg/L和(1.08±0.09)mg/L,优于阳性参照物齐墩果酸(IC_(50)=(1.27±0.19)mg/L),有望作为抗糖尿病药物先导物;对Cdc25B抑制活性测试中,11个目标分子表现出良好的活性,其中8-A-d、8-C-d和8-D-c抑制活性的IC_(50)值分别为(0.97±0.05)、(1.06±0.03)和(0.94±0.11)mg/L,低于阳性参照物Na_3VO_4(IC_(50)=(1.25±0.14)mg/L),有望作为抗肿瘤药物先导物。     

Antiviral properties from plants of the Mediterranean flora

Natural products are a successful source in drug discovery, playing a significant role in maintaining human health. We investigated the in vitro cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of extracts from 18 traditionally used Mediterranean plants. Noteworthy antiviral activity was found in the extract obtained from the branches of Daphne gnidium L. against human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (EC₅₀ = 0.08 μg/mL) and coxsackievirus B5 (EC₅₀ = 0.10 μg/mL). Other relevant activities were found against BVDV, YFV, Sb-1, RSV and HSV-1. Interestingly, extracts from Artemisia arborescens L. and Rubus ulmifolius Schott, as well as those from D. gnidium L., showed activities against two different viruses. This extensive antiviral screening allowed us to identify attractive activities, offering opportunities to develop lead compounds with a great pharmaceutical potential.     

Antiviral activities of diarylheptanoids isolated from Alpinia officinarum against respiratory syncytial virus, poliovirus, measles virus, and herpes simplex virus type 1 in vitro

Alpinia officinarum has been used as a folk medicine and contains diarylheptanoids that have various biological activities. However, their antiviral activities are less elucidated. We examined the antiviral activities of nine diarylheptanoids isolated from A. officinarum against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), poliovirus, measles virus, and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) using a plaque reduction assay. The 50% inhibitory concentrations of seven of the nine diarylheptanoids for RSV were moderately but significantly lower than their 50% cytotoxic concentrations, as determined by a trypan blue exclusion assay. Four diarylheptanoids with anti-RSV activity also showed anti-poliovirus and anti-measles virus activities and three of the four exhibited anti-HSV-1 activity. Thus, seven of the nine diarylheptanoids examined exhibited potential antiviral activity against RSV, and most of the diarylheptanoids with anti-RSV activity, including two diarylheptanoids without anti-RSV activity, were effective against poliovirus, measles virus, and/or HSV-1 in vitro. Diarylheptanoids were suggested to have a broad spectrum of antiviral activity.     

新型一枝蒿酮酸异噁唑衍生物的合成及其抗A,B型流感病毒活性研究

为了提高一枝蒿酮酸的生物活性,以一枝蒿酮酸和3-取代苯基-5-氨甲基-异噁唑为原料,在偶合试剂DCC,HOBt/DMAP的作用下,合成了6个未见文献报道的含异噁唑的一枝蒿酮酸酰胺衍生物3a～3f.所合成的化合物均经过IR,1H NMR,13C NMR,ESI-MS等分析方法表征及初步体外抗A(H3N2,H1N1)型和B型流感病毒活性研究.初步实验结果表明:化合物3c同时具有抗A(H3N2)型和B型流感病毒活性,化合物3c和3e表现出比母体化合物强的抗B型流感病毒活性.     

新型吲唑类PARP-1抑制剂的合成及其生物活性评价

以3-甲基-2-硝基苯甲酸甲酯为起始原料,经两步反应制得中间体1H-吲唑-7-甲酸甲酯(3); 3分别与三氯氧磷、液溴和碘单质反应制得3的3-位卤代产物(4b~4d); 4d与氟试剂或氰化锌反应制得3-氟(氰基)-3(4a和4e); 4d与苯硼酸或甲基硼酸在四三苯基磷钯催化下反应制得3-甲基(苯基)-3(5a和5b);以氢化钠为碱,3, 4a~4c, 4e, 5分别与4-甲烷磺酰氧基哌啶或3-甲烷磺酰氧基四氢吡咯经缩合反应制得3的2,3-位取代产物(6a～6n); 6a～6n在甲醇中氨解,随后采用氯化氢气体脱去Boc保护基合成了14个新型吲唑类PARP-1抑制剂(7a～7n),其结构经¹H NMR和ESI-MS表征。生物活性评价结果显示,有7个目标化合物对PARP-1酶活性抑制IC₅₀低于30 nmol·L^-1,其中2-(四氢吡咯-4-基)-2H-吲唑-7-甲酰胺(7e)和3-氟-2-(四氢吡咯-4-基)-2H-吲唑-7-甲酰胺(7f)的IC₅₀分别为4.2 nmol·L^-1和4.6 nmol·L^-1。     

Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of New Derivatives of Rupestonic Acid

Chemistry of Natural Compounds - A series of 20 new derivatives of rupestonic acid were synthesized via Davis oxidation. Their antiviral activity against influenza A virus (H3N2) was established....     

新型噻吩并四氢吡啶类化合物的合成及其抗血小板聚集活性

噻吩并［3,2-c］四氢吡啶和噻吩并［2,3-c］四氢吡啶分别与取代苄溴(2a~2g)经取代反应后,用2 mol·L^-1氯化氢乙醚溶液成盐合成了噻吩并四氢吡啶衍生物(3b~3e, 3g和5a~5g);噻吩并［3,2-c］四氢吡啶酮与取代苄溴经取代反应,再与乙酸酐缩合,最后经2 mol·L^-1氯化氢乙醚溶液成盐合成了噻吩并四氢吡啶衍生物(7d, 7e, 7g~7i)。 3, 5和7均为新化合物,其结构经¹H NMR 和ESI-MS表征。大鼠体内抗血小板聚集活性研究结果表明：3, 5和7均有一定的抗血小板聚集活性,其中7d, 7h和7i的抑制率分别为66.2%, 86.8%和88.3%,活性优于阳性对照药噻氯匹啶。