化学成份在钧瓷胎釉反应层中分布模式的线扫描分析

利用能量色散X射线荧光(EDXRF)探针, 对一批金元时期的钧瓷样品进行了线扫描分析, 以研究钧瓷胎釉间薄层物质的性质及其它相关问题. 结果显示, 胎釉间薄层物质的化学组成介于胎釉之间, 因此其应为在烧制过程中形成的反应层. 分析还发现, 反应层中的K₂O含量高于瓷釉和瓷胎, 与其它氧化物均有不同. 推断反应层中K₂O含量高的现象, 是瓷釉和反应层中特定的SiO₂和Al₂O₃组成, 硅酸盐玻璃的特定网络结构, 以及SiO₂, Al₂O₃及K₂O在玻璃体中的作用和特性等因素的综合作用结果, 而非单纯的K^＋具有较强的渗透能力所致.     

能量色散X射线荧光探针用于古陶瓷的工艺与产地研究

利用能量色散X射线荧光(EDXRF)探针技术,研究了旧县坪遗址出土的一件青瓷样品的制造工艺与产地。从青瓷样品的器壁部,用切割法取下一个断面,用探针进行线性扫描分析。结果表明:在胎釉间存在的白色层状物的化学成分介于胎釉之间,断定其应为在烧制过程中经一系列理化反应而形成的反应层。经对该青瓷样品胎釉化学成分的聚类分析,发现其与宋代河南临汝窑青瓷的胎釉化学成分基本一致。并且,该样品与临汝窑青瓷在釉色和装饰风格上都相近。因此,旧县坪遗址的这件青瓷样品应为临汝窑制品。     

能量色散X射线荧光光谱法探针线扫描分析"长沙窑"彩绘工艺

应用能量色散X射线荧光光谱（EDXRF）探针及线扫描技术对我国唐代和宋代的5块“长沙窑”彩瓷样品的彩绘工艺进行了研究。根据所测得的从釉到胎中着色元素铜或铁的含量变化可以看出,此5块样品的彩绘工艺均不完全属于典型的釉下彩工艺,而是属于高温釉上彩工艺。     

能量色散X射线探针技术对汝瓷成分的线扫描分析

用能量色散X射线探针技术对汝瓷残片的剖面从釉到胎进行了主要成分含量的线扫描分析, 结果表明: 在釉胎之间的确存在一个中间层, 在这中间层各元素从釉的含量变化到胎的含量, 而且这种变化是连续的, 每个元素含量变化的起点与终点略有不同, 变化曲线也不一样. 这是在汝瓷烧制过程中, 瓷釉在形成玻璃态的同时渗入了瓷胎表面而形成的, 这与在实体光学显微镜上能明显看出而在偏光显微镜和扫描电子显微镜下看不到此中间层的情况相符合.     

偏硼酸锂溶液干渣法发射光谱用于环境分析

溶液干渣法已广泛用于化学光谱法中分析杂质含量。但用于分析环境样品时,光谱谱线强度受基体组成的影响很大,要得到准确的分析结果,必须使标准和分析样品组成相似。对组成变化大,复杂的环境样品,分析很困难。对一些贵重或难提纯的样品,配标准也不容易。多年来不少文献提到建立通用光谱定量分析法。其中比较重要的有Harvey 法,Addink法,Gordon法。这些方法使用公共基体,     

近红外光谱法快速测定乙烯原料油族组成

采用色谱仪测定乙烯原料油族训练集样品的组成性质的基础数据与近红外光谱仪测定训练集样品的近红外光谱,建立了乙烯原料油族基础数据和近红外光谱库,用化学计量学分析软件,采用偏最小二乘（PLS）方法将训练集样品的光谱和相应已测定样品的族组成基础数据相关联,建立了乙烯原料中正构烷烃、异构烷烃、环烷烃、芳烃、烯烃的定量和定性分析模型。该模型具有测定结果准确、可靠,测定简便、讯速的优点,适合在线生产中对样品的快速检测。     

晋城煤粒度变化对灰熔融性影响规律研究

探索山西晋城煤在灰熔聚流化床气化过程中的结渣机理。采用山西晋城无烟煤,将其破碎到不同粒径,采用XRF、XRD、AFT、SEM和FactSage~(TM)研究了煤的灰分、煤灰化学组成、矿物组成和熔融性随煤样粒径变化规律。结果发现,对于破碎到6 mm以下的晋城煤样,不同粒径子样煤灰化学组成和熔融温度差异不大;对于粉磨到0.2 mm以下的晋城煤粉样品,不同粒径子样化学组成和矿物组成存在较大差异,其中,铁含量差异最明显。AFT和SEM结果都证明,45μm粒径煤粉子样煤灰熔融温度明显高于其他三种样品。Fact SageTM计算得到的液相量变化规律和AFT、SEM观察结果一致,说明煤灰熔融性随粒径变化是煤灰化学成分离析造成的,而SiO2-Al_2O_3-Fe_2O_3三元相图较好地解释了晋城煤煤灰熔融性随粒径变化机理。     

宋代绿釉陶表面“银釉”的分析及其形成机理

银釉是古代铅釉陶瓷器表面较为常见一种病变。利用扫描电子显微镜能谱、X射线衍射、傅立叶红外光谱、光电子能谱等测试技术,分析了湖北黄冈地区出土宋代绿釉陶表面银釉的成分和结构。结果发现,银釉中富含钙(5.1%～9.2%)、磷(4.6%～9.2%)、铅(56.9%～70.5%)等元素,并有Pb10-xCax(PO4)(OH)2(x<2.7)物相存在。结合其出土前(弱酸性的土壤)埋藏环境,推测银釉应为土壤中羟磷灰石及各种磷酸化合物与釉陶表面Pb2 发生化学反应的产物。     

YBa2Cu3O7—x超导体中钇,钡,铜及氧含量的分析

目前,人们对高温超导体已进行广泛的研究,而且也取得了很大进展,用熔融织构法和液相烧结法能够制备出织构的样品,经过高温烧结的样品其组分Y、Ba、Cu是否发生变化则研究的较少。为了研究化学组成与其性能的关系,本文     

喷气燃料的化学组成与理化性质的定量关系研究

利用GC/MS分析了80个喷气燃料样品的烃族化学组成,将其分为直链烃、异构烃、环烷烃、芳烃、十氢萘五大类,并测定了燃料的密度、苯胺点、热值、冰点、闪点及沸程等主要理化性质.构建了喷气燃料组成和性质关系的数据库,考察了喷气燃料的烃族组成及沸程对各种性质的影响.结合Cookson等的理论,建立了八个模型方程,通过多元线性回归预测烃族化学组成与理化性质关系, 与已报道的其他方程比较,新模型的相关系数明显提高.     

X-ray emission fluorescence (XRF) analysis of origin of raw materials of light dark reddish brown porcelain and porcelain with black flower on a white background of Dangyangyu kiln

Dangyangyu kiln was an important civil porcelain production place in the North China during the Song Dynasty. In order to find out the source of raw materials of the porcelain body and glaze and their classification relationship so as to correctly distinguish them, we have used XRF to determine the major chemical elements of some porcelain samples with light brown and samples with black flower on a white background. Dynamic fuzzy cluster analysis was applied to the data. Results indicate that the origin of raw materials of light brown porcelain body samples is comparatively more concentrated, while that of the porcelain with black flower on a white background is scattered about. The origin of the body materials of those two kinds of porcelain samples is obviously different. The origin of raw materials of light brown porcelain samples is comparatively concentrated and stable, while that of the porcelain with black flower on a white background is scattered about, moreover, the origin of glaze raw materials and the formula of the two kinds are obviously different. The origin and formula of the light brown porcelain with white glaze in the interior are close to those of the white glaze of porcelain with black flower on a white background, but they are not entirely identical.     

我国北方古白瓷釉化学组成的能量色散X荧光光谱分析

利用能量色散X荧光光谱分析法（EDXRFS）测定了我国北方的四个窑口——邢窑、定窑、巩窑和宜阳窑所烧制白瓷釉的主量元素和微量元素，通过化学成分分析和多元统计的方法，揭示出不同窑口化学组成的分区特征，并且发现宜阳窑的白瓷与我国北方三个代表性白瓷窑口之一——巩窑之间存在着密切的联系。     

Study of provenance character on ancient porcelain of Yue Kiln at Silongkou with NAA

Chemical composition is an important information of studying the provenance character of ancient pottery and porcelain. The ancient celadon samples produced in Later Tang (850–907 A.D.) to Former Southern Song (1127–1279 A.D.) have been analyzed with NAA. Its provenance characteristic was compared with that of Hongzhou Kiln of Jiangxi Province and Yaozhou Kiln of Shanxi Province in this paper. The experimental data were studied with statistic methods. The results indicated that the chemical compositions of ancient porcelain body samples made in three kilns were different. The difference is able to be identified. The porcelain body materials of both Silongkou Yue Kiln and Hongzhou Kiln were similar. The samples of Yaozhou kiln in north of China existed obvious difference.     

Compositional and technological features of glazed pottery from Aosta Valley (Italy): a SEM–EDS investigation

Twelve finds from archaeological excavations carried out in the Aosta region (Italy) were studied by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray detection (SEM–EDS). The archaeological samples were shards of glazed pottery dating from the fourth to the seventh century AD. Analysis of ceramic bodies revealed a general homogeneity in composition among the studied samples and the use of a noncalcareous clay for their manufacture; however, two shards stand out due to their high iron contents. Glazes proved to be high-lead products with more than 70% PbO in all of the samples investigated but one. For the latter, a composition poorer in lead and richer in silicon, aluminium and iron was found. SEM observation of the contact region between body and glaze suggests that the vitreous coatings were mostly obtained by applying the glazing components onto the unfired clay body; moreover, a comparison between clay and glaze compositions suggests the use of a lead compound mixed with a silica-rich material, not a lead compound by itself.     

Line scanning analysis of the component of Ru Porcelain by micro energy disperse X-ray fluorescence probe

The Ru kiln is one of the five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty in China, and it is said that the Ru Porcelain is the chief of the five. As the Ru Porcelain was produced for a short time in history, no other than approximately 20 a, and exclusively fired only for the royalty, the remains are rather rare, with the total number falling short of one hundred pieces all over the world excluding the ones excavated in Qingliang Temple, Baofeng County, Henan Province. Especially, the celadon of …     

激光电离飞行时间质谱技术用于古代瓷片中元素的检测及元素成像分析

采用自制激光电离飞行时间质谱(LI-TOF-MS)及多元素成像体系,尝试分析了古瓷片中的多种元素.对一块北宋龙泉青瓷瓷片及一块仿古青瓷瓷片样品进行了表面元素分析,所得多元素半定量分析结果表明,这两种瓷片的胎体和釉面中所含元素的种类及含量存在差异;同时对一块明代青花瓷片进行表面多元素成像分析,获得Co,Mn,Fe,Ni,Ba,Ca,Mg,Na,Al,Si,P,K,Cu,Zn和Rb的元素成像图.     

Integrated investigations for the characterisation of Roman lead-glazed pottery from Pompeii and Herculaneum (Italy)

A multi-analytical approach was used to investigate Roman lead-glazed ceramic artefacts from archaeological excavations at Pompeii and Herculaneum (Italy) aiming at defining the production technology of both glaze and ceramic body, by way of integrated investigations. The chemical, structural, and micro-morphological characterisations were performed using a combination of laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Fragments of artefacts (skyphoi, oil lamps, bowls, askoi, amphorae, krateres) of great historical and archaeological interest were sampled. LA-ICP-MS was used to determine the elemental composition by virtue of its effective lateral resolution, its ability to detect most elements and also to analyse comparably small samples. All the archaeological objects were coated with a lead-based glaze produced using a lead oxide-plus-quartz mixture, with sodium/potassium feldspars added as a flux and two different metals used: copper and iron. Two types of ceramic pastes have been identified, but chemometric techniques support the hypothesis of a Campanian provenance for the raw materials. Degradation phenomena such as the partial devitrification of the glaze, i.e. the slow structural reorganisation towards stable crystalline phases, and the leaching by mineral dissolution in the soil, were determined.     

Application of INAA in analysis of Chinese ancient greenish white porcelain

This paper reports the applications of INAA in analysis of Chinese ancient porcelain fired from early Northern Song dynasty (AD 1004–1127) to Late Yuan dynasty (AD 1320–1368) in Hutian Kiln. Minor and trace elements of 168 pieces of ancient porcelain bodies were determined by INAA. The results of factor analysis and some archaeological questions are also discussed in this paper.     

Study on the provenance of ancient Yaozhou celadon made at Lidipo and Shangdian during Kin period using nuclear technology

Yaozhou Kiln at Lidipo and Shangdian are two independent porcelain kiln groups of Yaozhou kiln series in Shanxi Province. Both of them were consisted of some individual porcelain kilns. The samples of 20 pieces of porcelain sherds produced in Shangdian and 43 pieces of porcelain sherds made in Lidipo sites which produced in Kin Dynasty (1115–1234 A.D.) have been collected. The main chemical compositions in body were determined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The contents of trace elements were measured using neutron activation analysis (NAA). Principal component analysis (PCA) and stepwise discriminant analysis were used to study the provenance characteristic of these samples. The results indicated that the main components and trace elements in the specimen can be used to reveal the provenance characteristic.