A Class of Compact Kählerian Solvmanifolds and a General Conjecture

We give some explicit examples of compact Kählerian solvmanifolds and, by extending them naturally, we find a class of compact Kählerian solvmanifolds; namely, a finite quotient of a complex torus that is a holomorphic fiber bundle over a complex torus with fiber a complex torus. Then we see that under some restriction a compact solvmanifold is Kählerian if and only if it belongs to this class. We are thus led to a conjecture that this result would hold without any restriction.     

Some results on cosymplectic manifolds

We obtain a generalization of the Kodaira-Morrow stability theorem for cosymplectic structures. We investigate cosymplectic geometry on Lie groups and on their compact quotients by uniform discrete subgroups. In this way we show that a compact solvmanifold admits a cosymplectic structure if and only if it is a finite quotient of a torus.     

On Hypereuclidean Manifolds

We show that the universal cover of an aspherical manifold whose fundamental groups has finite asymptotic dimension in sense of Gromov is hypereuclidean after crossing with some Euclidean space     

A construction of lattices on certain solvable Lie groups

The purpose in this paper is to prove that there exists a lattice on certain solvable Lie groups and to construct a symplectic solvmanifold with the Hard Lefschetz property, and a locally conformal Kähler solvmanifold. We see that minimal models for these solvmanifolds are formal.     

Coverings of Abelian groups and vector spaces

We study the question how many subgroups, cosets or subspaces are needed to cover a finite Abelian group or a vector space if we have some natural restrictions on the structure of the covering system. For example we determine, how many cosets we need, if we want to cover all but one element of an Abelian group. This result is a group theoretical extension of the theorem of Brouwer, Jamison and Schrijver about the blocking number of an affine space. We show that these covering problems are closely related to combinatorial problems, including the so-called additive basis conjecture, the three-flow conjecture, and a conjecture of Alon, Jaeger and Tarsi about nowhere zero vectors.     

Galois Covers of Moduli of Curves

Moduli spaces of pointed curves with some level structure are studied. We prove that for so-called geometric level structures, the levels encountered in the boundary are smooth if the ambient variety is smooth, and in some cases we can describe them explicitly. The smoothness implies that the moduli space of pointed curves (over any field) admits a smooth finite Galois cover. Finally, we prove that some of these moduli spaces are simply connected.     

A Pseudo-Kähler Structure on a Nontoral Compact Complex Parallelizable Solvmanifold

In this paper, we construct a non-toral compact complex parallelizable pseudo-Kähler solvmanifold.pseudo-Kähler, complex-parallelizable manifold, compact solvmanifold, Borel–Remmert theorem.Mathematics Subject Classiffications (2000). 53C15, 53D05     

Five-dimensional K-contact Lie algebras

We introduce a general approach to the study of left-invariant K-contact structures on Lie groups and we obtain a full classification in dimension five. We show that Sasakian structures on five-dimensional Lie algebras with non-trivial center are a relatively rare phenomenon with respect to K-contact structures. We also prove that a five-dimensional solvmanifold with a left-invariant K-contact (not Sasakian) structure is a \mathbb S¹{\mathbb S^1} -bundle over a symplectic solvmanifold. Rigidity results are then obtained for five-dimensional K-contact Lie algebras with trivial center and for K-contact η-Einstein structures. Moreover, five-dimensional Sasakian φ-symmetric Lie algebras are completely classified, and some explicit examples of five-dimensional Sasakian pseudo-metric Lie algebras are provided.     

Einstein solvmanifolds attached to two-step nilradicals

A Riemannian Einstein solvmanifold (possibly, any noncompact homogeneous Einstein space) is almost completely determined by the nilradical of its Lie algebra. A nilpotent Lie algebra which can serve as the nilradical of an Einstein metric solvable Lie algebra is called an Einstein nilradical. We give a classification of two-step nilpotent Einstein nilradicals with two-dimensional center. Informally, the defining matrix pencil must have no nilpotent blocks in the canonical form and no elementary divisors of a very high multiplicity. We also show that the dual to a two-step Einstein nilradical is not in general an Einstein nilradical.     

ON DE RHAM AND DOLBEAULT COHOMOLOGY OF SOLVMANIFOLDS

For a simply connected (non-nilpotent) solvable Lie group G with a lattice Γ the de Rham and Dolbeault cohomologies of the solvmanifold G/Γ are not in general isomorphic to the cohomologies of the Lie algebra g of G. In this paper we construct, up to a finite group, a new Lie algebra eg whose cohomology is isomorphic to the de Rham cohomology of G/Γ by using a modification of G associated with an algebraic sub-torus of the Zariski-closure of the image of the adjoint representation. This technique includes the construction due to Guan and developed by the first two authors. In this paper, we also give a Dolbeault version of such technique for complex solvmanifolds, i.e., for solvmanifolds endowed with an invariant complex structure. We construct a finite-dimensional cochain complex which computes the Dolbeault cohomology of a complex solvmanifold G/Γ with holomorphic Mostow bundle and we give a construction of a new Lie algebra \( \overset{\smile }{\mathfrak{g}} \) with a complex structure whose cohomology is isomorphic to the Dolbeault cohomology of G/Γ.     

Five-dimensional K-contact Lie algebras

We introduce a general approach to the study of left-invariant K-contact structures on Lie groups and we obtain a full classification in dimension five. We show that Sasakian structures on five-dimensional Lie algebras with non-trivial center are a relatively rare phenomenon with respect to K-contact structures. We also prove that a five-dimensional solvmanifold with a left-invariant K-contact (not Sasakian) structure is a ${\mathbb S^1}$ -bundle over a symplectic solvmanifold. Rigidity results are then obtained for five-dimensional K-contact Lie algebras with trivial center and for K-contact ??-Einstein structures. Moreover, five-dimensional Sasakian ??-symmetric Lie algebras are completely classified, and some explicit examples of five-dimensional Sasakian pseudo-metric Lie algebras are provided.     

A gradient structure for systems coupling reaction–diffusion effects in bulk and interfaces

We derive gradient-flow formulations for systems describing drift-diffusion processes of a finite number of species which undergo mass-action type reversible reactions. Our investigations cover heterostructures, where material parameter may depend in a nonsmooth way on the space variable. The main results concern a gradient-flow formulation for electro-reaction–diffusion systems with active interfaces permitting drift-diffusion processes and reactions of species living on the interface and transfer mechanisms allowing bulk species to jump into an interface or to pass through interfaces. The gradient flows are formulated in terms of two functionals: the free energy and the dissipation potential. Both functionals consist of a bulk and an interface integral. The interface integrals determine the interface dynamics as well as the self-consistent coupling to the model in the bulk. The advantage of the gradient structure is that it automatically generates thermodynamically consistent models.     

A note on finite-sheeted covering maps from 2-dimensional compact Abelian groups

We consider finite-sheeted covering maps from 2-dimensional compact connected abelian groups to Klein bottle weak solenoidal spaces, metric continua which are not groups. We show that whenever a group covers a Klein bottle weak solenoidal space it covers groups as well, moreover it covers the product of two solenoids. The converse is not true, we give an example of group which covers groups with any finite number of sheets, but does not cover any Klein bottle weak solenoidal space.     

Cohomological properties of unimodular six dimensional solvable Lie algebras

In the present paper we study six dimensional solvable Lie algebras with special emphasis on those admitting a symplectic structure. We list all the symplectic structures that they admit and we compute their Betti numbers finding some properties about the codimension of the nilradical. Next, we consider the conjecture of Guan about step of nilpotency of a symplectic solvmanifold finding that it is true for all six dimensional unimodular solvable Lie algebras. Finally, we consider some cohomologies for symplectic manifolds introduced by Tseng and Yau in the context of symplectic Hogde theory and we use them to determine some six dimensional solvmanifolds for which the Hard Lefschetz property holds.     

Difference Forms

Currently, there is much interest in the development of geometric integrators, which retain analogues of geometric properties of an approximated system. This paper provides a means of ensuring that finite difference schemes accurately mirror global properties of approximated systems. To this end, we introduce a cohomology theory for lattice varieties, on which finite difference schemes and other difference equations are defined. We do not assume that there is any continuous space, or that a scheme or difference equation has a continuum limit. This distinguishes our approach from theories of “discrete differential forms” built on simplicial approximations and Whitney forms, and from cohomology theories built on cubical complexes. Indeed, whereas cochains on cubical complexes can be mapped injectively to our difference forms, a bijection may not exist. Thus our approach generalizes what can be achieved with cubical cohomology. The fundamental property that we use to prove our results is the natural ordering on the integers. We show that our cohomology can be calculated from a good cover, just as de Rham cohomology can. We postulate that the dimension of solution space of a globally defined linear recurrence relation equals the analogue of the Euler characteristic for the lattice variety. Most of our exposition deals with forward differences, but little modification is needed to treat other finite difference schemes, including Gauss-Legendre and Preissmann schemes. Dedicated to Professor Arieh Iserles on the Occasion of his Sixtieth Birthday.     

Uniform universal covers of uniform spaces

We develop a generalized covering space theory for a class of uniform spaces called coverable spaces. Coverable spaces include all geodesic metric spaces, connected and locally pathwise connected compact topological spaces, in particular Peano continua, as well as more pathological spaces like the topologist's sine curve. The uniform universal cover of a coverable space is a kind of generalized cover with universal and lifting properties in the category of uniform spaces and uniformly continuous mappings. Associated with the uniform universal cover is a functorial uniform space invariant called the deck group, which is related to the classical fundamental group by a natural homomorphism. We obtain some specific results for one-dimensional spaces.     

Dynamic contact of a beam against rigid obstacles: Convergence of a velocity-based approximation and numerical results

Motivated by the study of vibrations due to looseness of joints, we consider the motion of a beam between rigid obstacles. Due to the non-penetrability condition, the dynamics is described by a hyperbolic fourth order variational inequality. We build a family of fully discretized approximations of this problem by combining some classical space discretizations with velocity based time-stepping algorithms for discrete mechanical systems subjected to unilateral constraints. We prove the stability and the convergence of these numerical methods. Finally we propose some examples of implementation using either Hermite or B-spline finite element approximations.     

Existence,uniqueness, and algorithmic computation of general lilypond systems

The lilypond system based on a locally finite subset φ of the Euclidean space ?ⁿ is defined as follows. At time 0 every point of φ starts growing with unit speed in all directions to form a system of balls in which any particular ball ceases its growth at the instant that it collides with another ball. Based on a more formal definition of lilypond systems given in 1 , we will prove that these systems exist and are uniquely determined. Our approach applies to the far more general setting, where φ is a locally finite subset of some space ?? equipped with a pseudo‐metric d. We will also derive an algorithm approximating the system with at least linearly decreasing error. Several examples will illustrate our general results. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2006     

Finite Abelian Groups of K3 Surfaces with Smooth Quotient

The quotient space of a K3 surface by a finite group is an Enriques surface or a rational surface if it is smooth. Finite groups where the quotient space are Enriques surfaces are known. In this paper, by analyzing effective divisors on smooth rational surfaces, the author will study finite groups which act faithfully on K3 surfaces such that the quotient space are smooth. In particular, he will completely determine effective divisors on Hirzebruch surfaces such that there is a finite Abelian co...