Superradiant Rayleigh scattering of high-intensity short light pulses from a Bose-Einstein condensate of dilute atomic gases

Equations of a semiclassical model of superradiant Rayleigh scattering of high-intensity short light pulses from a Bose-Einstein condensate of dilute atomic gases are solved numerically taking into account the excitation of atoms by coherent Rayleigh radiation and their recoil in the backward direction. The evolution of the populations of coherent atomic states with a particular momentum is studied, and the pulse shape and the structure of the spectrum of such scattering are found in relation to the laser beam intensity and the recoil kinetic energy of atoms.     

Phonon coupling in inelastic atom-surface scattering

Inelastic scattering of a thermal He beam from a LiF surface has been observed in terms of velocity and intensity distributions as a function of scattering angle. The results allow a correlation with theoretical predictions assuming single Rayleigh phonon coupling for both phonon creation and annihilation processes. A marked decrease of inelastic intensities with momentum or energy transfer is demonstrated, which depends strongly on the temperature of the scattering surface.     

Probability density function of the intensity scattered by Rayleigh-particle aggregates. Evolution with optical properties

We study the probability density function of the statistical fluctuations of the intensity scattered by an aggregate freely floating in space and constituted by Rayleigh particles under the dipole approximation. Its evolution as a function of the optical properties of the particles (polarizability) and their separation distance is analyzed. Aggregate geometries with two and three particles will be considered. The influence of the multiple scattering effect on the statistics of the scattered intensity is especially studied.     

Relaxation of hot quasiparticles in a d-wave superconductor

Motivated by recent pump-probe experiments we consider the processes by which "hot" quasiparticles produced near the antinodes of a d-wave superconductor can relax. We show that in a large region of momentum space processes which break Cooper pairs are forbidden by energy and momentum conservation. Equilibration then occurs by scattering with thermal quasiparticles: Umklapp scattering is exponentially suppressed at low temperatures, but small-angle scattering leads to power-law behavior. By solving the Boltzmann equation analytically we make detailed predictions for the temperature and intensity dependence of these processes, which we compare with experiment.     

低温下ZnSe－ZnS多量子阱的光致发光光谱和喇曼散射谱

本文报导了２Ｋ下，在ＧａＡｓ（１００）衬底上用ＭＯＣＶＤ方法生长的ＺｎＳｅ－ＺｎＳ多量子阱材料的光致发光光谱和喇曼散射谱．用共振激发、共振喇曼和共振瑞利散射等方法对各发光谱带和喇曼散射峰的来源和机制进行了鉴别．     

低温下ZnSe-ZnS多量子阱的光致发光光谱和喇曼散射谱

本文报导了2K下,在GaAs(100)衬底上用MOCVD方法生长的ZnSe-ZnS多量子阱材料的光致发光光谱和喇曼散射谱.用共振激发、共振喇曼和共振瑞利散射等方法对各发光谱带和喇曼散射峰的来源和机制进行了鉴别.     

罗丹明B的共振散射光谱研究

研究了罗丹明B(RhB)的共振光散射的特性与机理。在 pH =- 0 38至 pH 4 10的酸性溶液中 ,共振光散射信号随pH值增大而增强 ,近中性时散射强度达到最大。散射强度随波长的变化不符合瑞利散射定律。RhB的荧光激发光谱与发射光谱有部分重叠 ,共振散射峰处于荧光激发峰和荧光发射峰之间。在三维荧光等高线光谱图中 ,瑞利散射线与荧光等高线相交。在光偏振实验中 ,测得共振散射光的偏振度P≈ 0 1。上述实验结果揭示RhB的共振散射光主要是共振荧光。共振光散射信号随 pH值增大而增强的机理是RhB酸碱平衡移动导致荧光型体的形成。RhB的共振散射峰位于吸收曲线轮廓之中 ,共振光散射受光吸收的影响 ,因此 ,散射光强度与浓度之间不是严格的线性关系。     

利用拉曼散射、共振拉曼散射及瑞利散射对ZnSe-ZnS多量子阱材料光谱的判定

利用拉曼散射、共振拉曼散射及瑞利散射对ＺｎＳｅ┐ＺｎＳ多量子阱材料光谱的判定赵福潭王淑梅苏锡安刘行仁（中国科学院激发态物理开放研究实验室长春１３００２１）ＤｉｓｔｉｎｇｕｉｓｈｉｎｇｏｆＬｕｍｉｎｅｓｃｅｎｃｅＳｐｅｃｔｒａｉｎＺｎＳｅ┐ＺｎＳＭＱＷ...     

Resonant Rayleigh scattering mediated by 2D cavity polaritons

We study the angular dependence of the emission from cavity polaritons resonantly excited by a picosecond laser pulse. We observe that, in the first stage, the initial excitation is rapidly redistributed by elastic scattering along a well-defined ring in the wave vector space resulting in an angular-dependent emission. This initial transfer, which conserves the polarization, is attributed mainly to resonant Rayleigh scattering of polaritons. We also study the width of this ring and show that it is detuning dependent, reflecting the energy dispersion of the polaritons. At longer delay, the emission is found to be isotropic and depolarized, in agreement with previous studies.     

Coherent control of optical emission from a conjugated polymer

We have observed that resonant Rayleigh scattering dominates the emission from poly(p-phenylene vinylene) excited with photons at energies below the threshold at which excitonic migration is reduced. The intensity of the resonant emission decays exponentially with a lifetime of up to 450 fs after pulsed excitation. The coherent nature of the emission was confirmed by angular variations in the far-field emission intensity-bright and dark speckles. Persistence of a coherent polarization was demonstrated by coherent control using phase-locked pulses.     

基于共振瑞利散射血清蛋白浓度检测的研究

血清中蛋白质浓度在临床诊断中有重要意义,而目前广泛使用的紫外-可见分光光度计、荧光分光光度计等仪器结构复杂、昂贵、体积庞大、耗电量高等因素,都无法满足现场高精度检测的要求。设计了基于四羧基酞菁锌-蛋白质体系的共振瑞利散射光谱检测系统,系统以405 nm宽禁带半导体激光器为激励光源,以475 nm窄带带通滤光片为单色器,以蓝光增强光敏二极管的低噪声高增益光电放大器为探测器。通过实验可知,该溶液强吸收波长为420 nm附近,在该激励光作用下,其共振波长处会产生共振瑞利散射,散射强度与蛋白质的含量成比例,可以利用四羧基酞菁锌为光谱探针的共振散射法来测定血清蛋白,其线性检出范围为10～50 mg·mL-1,检出限为0.001 mg·mL-1。新开发的血清蛋白质测试装置具有体积小、成本低、功耗小、使用方便等优点。     

Evidence for an instability near twice the fermi wave vector in the low electronic density liquid metal Li(NH3)4

We report high-resolution inelastic x-ray scattering measurements in the metallic liquid Li(NH3)4, which to a good approximation can be treated as a dilute alkali metal. We see a well-defined excitation out to large momentum transfers. This excitation shows a strong softening at wave vectors near the first peak in the structure factor, which occurs near twice the Fermi momentum.     

Momentum redistribution times of 2D excitons measured by transient resonantly induced intersubband absorption

We apply a transient interband-pump–intersubband-probe technique, to directly measure the time it takes for resonantly photoexcited excitons in GaAs/AlGaAs superlattices to redistribute in momentum space. We determine the redistribution time and its excitation density and superlattice periodicity dependence from the temporal evolution of the conduction intersubband absorption spectrum.We find that resonantly excited heavy-hole excitons, at moderate densities, redistribute slowly and reach thermal distribution within a few tens of ps after the pulsed excitation. This redistribution time is nearly inversely proportional to the square root of the initial density of the photoexcited excitons and it depends on the periodicity of the superlattice structure. The smaller the periodicity in direct space is, the longer is the redistribution time. This is due to the relatively inefficient exciton–exciton scattering, and the small momentum that each resonantly excited exciton carries. From measurements performed on three samples of different periodicity we find that the redistribution time increases faster than the superlattice Brillouin-zone length squared.     

Sound wave scattering in network glasses

The acoustic branch of two network glasses, (Li2O)xB2O3 ( x = 0.25 and 0.5), is followed over a large momentum transfer range 1-12 nm(-1), using inelastic x-ray scattering. We observe the transition from propagating modes to a region of strong scattering as the Ioffe-Regel limit is reached. A region of Rayleigh scattering of the acoustic modes precedes the strong scattering regime at larger Q, causing a rapid decrease of the mean-free path of the modes.     

Superradiant Rayleigh scattering of light from a Bose-Einstein condensate of dilute atomic gases, taking into account backward recoil momentum

An extension of the semiclassical model is proposed for superradiant Rayleigh scattering of light from a Bose-Einstein condensate of dilute atomic gases. In contrast to the familiar models, this model takes into account the fact that the atom may be excited by the scattered light and may acquire backward recoil momentum. The presented equations are solved analytically for the initial (linear) stage of the process. The intensity of the scattered light and the efficiency of populating atomic states with different momentum values are studied as a function of detuning from resonance. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 73, No. 1, pp. 65–72, January–February, 2006.     

Enhanced resonant backscattering of excitons in disordered quantum wells

A clear signature of enhanced backscattering of excitons is observed in the directional resonant Rayleigh scattering of light from localized two-dimensional excitons in disordered quantum wells. Its spectral dependence and time dynamics are measured and theoretically predicted in a quantitative way. The intensity enhancement has a large momentum span extending beyond the external light emission cone. This is a consequence of the small localization length of the exciton as a massive particle probed close to the band bottom. The localization length can be controlled by the photon kinetic energy. This constitutes a qualitative difference to backscattering phenomena in other branches of physics.     

三种品牌牛奶的荧光光谱特性研究

应用FLS920P型稳态和时间分辨荧光光谱仪,对三种品牌不同脂肪含量的纯牛奶和鲜奶（共9种）进行了荧光光谱的测量。9种牛奶样品的三维荧光光谱显示,牛奶的荧光峰值波长为349 nm左右,半高宽为66 nm左右,最佳激发波长为291 nm左右,平均寿命为4.6 ns左右,实验表明9种牛奶的荧光光谱除荧光强度外基本一致。实验测得酪蛋白溶液的荧光峰值波长为344 nm,半高宽为66 nm,最佳激发波长为295 nm,荧光寿命为4.1 ns。酪蛋白的荧光峰值波长和荧光寿命与牛奶基本一致,对比牛奶中其他荧光物质后,推断牛奶的主要荧光物质为酪蛋白。进一步探究9种牛奶荧光强度的差别,对比9种牛奶最佳激发波长下的荧光发射光谱,相同品牌的全脂牛奶荧光强度明显低于脱脂牛奶。对比全脂牛奶、脱脂牛奶和离心处理的全脂牛奶归一化后的荧光光谱,离心后的全脂牛奶荧光强度介于全脂和脱脂之间,离心使得脂肪减少,散射降低,从而导致荧光强度的增强。牛奶的荧光发射全谱显示全脂牛奶的瑞利散射强度明显高于脱脂牛奶,全脂牛奶的脂肪含量高,散射强,激发光入射全脂牛奶后更多地被散射,导致全脂牛奶的瑞利散射强度高于脱脂牛奶。光透过率曲线显示全脂牛奶的透过率都低于脱脂牛奶,入射光通过全脂牛奶时,除了一部分被酪蛋白吸收以外,还有一部分因脂肪的散射而损失,透过率减小,使得全脂牛奶的透过率都低于脱脂牛奶。使用荧光光谱技术在不进行预处理的情况下对牛奶进行检测,确定了牛奶的主要荧光物质,并对全脂牛奶和脱脂牛奶荧光强度存在差别的原因进行了解释。     

一种用多色光作为激发源产生拉曼光谱的新算法

探讨用多色光代替激光作为拉曼光源的新型拉曼光谱仪的可能性。根据拉曼光谱原理, 并通过数学分析, 发现当用多色光照射在样品上时, 所得到的散射光经散射频率校正后在不同频率上的强度分布可以写成样品的Raman-Rayleigh联合散射谱和激发光光源的功率谱的卷积。利用傅里叶变换算法,有可能从多色光照射样品所得到的散射光谱中导出样品的拉曼光谱。基于上述原理,可能发展出不用激光的新一代拉曼光谱仪。     

Feshbach resonances in positron scattering from sodium

S-, P- and D-wave Feshbach resonances in positron-sodium scattering have been investigated by using the momentum space coupled-channels optical method. The target continuum and positronium (Ps) formation channels are included via an optical potential. Feshbach resonances below the target excitation and Ps (n = 2) formation thresholds are predicted and the effects of channel-coupling scheme, target continuum and Ps formation channels on the resonance energy and resonance width are discussed. We have also found the Wigner cusp structures at the inelastic channel-opening thresholds in positron-sodium scattering cross sections.     

Optical momentum transfer to absorbing mie particles

The momentum transfer to absorbing particles is derived from the Lorentz force density without prior assumption of the momentum of light in media. We develop a view of momentum conservation rooted in the stress tensor formalism that is based on the separation of momentum contributions to bound and free currents and charges consistent with the Lorentz force density. This is in contrast with the usual separation of material and field contributions. The theory is applied to predict a decrease in optical momentum transfer to Mie particles due to absorption, which contrasts the common intuition based on the scattering and absorption by Rayleigh particles.