Currents on Grassmann algebras

We define currents on a Grassmann algebra Gr(N) with N generators as distributions on its exterior algebra (using the symmetric wedge product). We interpret the currents in terms of ₂-graded Hochschild cohomology and closed currents in terms of cyclic cocycles (they are particular multilinear forms on Gr(N). An explicit construction of the vector space of closed currents of degree p on Gr(N) is given by using Berezin integration.     

EPR evidence of local lattice mode in K3H(SO4)2 and Rb3H(SO4)2 fast-proton conductors

The observation of an anomalous temperature dependence of Mn²⁺ EPR spectra linewidth and nonaxial crystal-field parameter in K₃H(SO₄)₂ and Rb₃H(SO₄)₂ allows one to suggest the presence of “local mode” predicted by Yamada (Ferroelectrics 170 (1995) 23). The activation energy for this kind of excitation was found and equals 11.3 (0.5) and 7.4 (0.3) meV for Mn²⁺ doped K₃H(SO₄)₂ and Rb₃H(SO₄)₂, respectively.     

Scattering-controlled recombination of Δ2-light-hole indirect excitons and apparently enhanced quantum confined Stark effect in tensilely strained Si1−yCy/Si (0 0 1) quantum wells

Anomalies are found in the near-band-edge luminescence properties of Δ₂-light-hole indirect excitons in Si_1−yC_y-based tensilely strained quantum wells (QWs). The experimental spectra exhibit a clear signature of phonon-assisted transitions on the lower energy side of the “no-phonon” transition, which indicates the relevance of “virtual” indirect valleys and in-plane k-dispersion, as opposed to the theoretical prediction that the zone-centered Δ₂ valleys take over the conduction band edge. Intervalley scattering between [0 0 1]-Δ₂ valleys and in-plane Δ₄ valleys is suggested as the underlying mechanism. On the other hand, the experimental evidence was found for “apparently enhanced” quantum-confined Stark red shifts for Si_1−yC_y-based QWs. However, quantitative estimates are in conflict with the experimental results and predict a blue shift due to exciton weakening which masks the Stark effect as in the case of Δ₄-heavy hole excitons in Si_1−xGe_x-based QWs.     

Interacting Stoner–Wohlfarth behavior in hysteresis curves of Sm(CoFeCuZr)z magnets

Several magnets with different Zr contents were studied: Sm(Co_balFe_0.2Cu_0.1Zr_x)₈ (bal=balance; x=0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08). The microstructure of the magnets includes three main phases, all crystallographically coherent: the cell phase Sm₂(Co,Fe)₁₇, the cell boundary phase Sm(Co,Cu)₅ and a lamellar Zr-rich phase, rhombohedral (ZrSm)₁Co₃. The hysteresis curves were compared with the Callen, Liu and Cullen (CLC) modification of the Stoner–Wohlfarth model for an isotropic distribution of interacting single-domain particles. Choosing reasonable values for the saturation magnetization M_s, the anisotropy field H_a, and the mean-field interactions of the CLC model, we were able to reproduce the main features of the hysteresis curves for the x=0.02 and 0.04 samples. For higher x values, X-ray diffraction Rietveld analysis revealed the presence of other “impurity” phases, among them cubic Zr₆(Co,Fe)₂₃, rhombohedral (SmZr)₅(CoFeCu)₁₉ and rhombohedral (SmZr)₂(CoFeCu)₇.     

Theory of a “stimulated photorefractive backscattering and four-wave mixing” self-pumped phase conjugator

We give a theoretical analysis of a “stimulated photorefractive backscattering and four-wave mixing” (SPB-FWM) self-pumped phase conjugator (SPPC) in which the generation of the phase conjugate wave relies on both stimulated photorefractive backscattering (SPB) and four-wave mixing (FWM) processes. The two pumping beams in the FWM process are, respectively, the forward-propagating beam of which the generation is seeded by the fanning effect, and the backward-propagating beam that is generated by the SPB process. Assuming that the SPB interaction is seeded by the scattering centers in the crystal, we have calculated the threshold four-wave mixing coupling strength (γ₁l₁)_th as a function of the SPB two-wave mixing coupling strength (γ₂l₂) corresponding to the 2k grating and of the reflectivity R′ of the scattering centers. Above threshold, we have also calculated the phase-conjugate reflectivity with a numerical method. Our calculations show that the threshold as well as the reflectivity of a SPB-FWM SPPC strongly depend on γ₂l₂ and R′. It is also shown that a high phase-conjugate reflectivity can be easily realised in doped barium titanate crystals which are shown to have much larger γ₁ and γ₂ than an undoped one.     

Yb (Ba, Sr)2Cu4O8: a “124” phase superconductor with a reduced unit cell volume

Yb(Ba_1−xSr_x)₂Cu₄O₈ (0.1x0.3) superconductors of the YBa₂Cu₄O₈(“124”) structure were successfully synthesized using an O₂-hot-isostaticc-pressing (HIP) technique. The samples were characterized with respect to the crystal structure and superconducting properties. The lattice parameters of the samples decreased as the substitution of Sr for Ba proceeded. The superconducting transition temperatures of all the Yb-“124” samples were more or less the same, being around 80 K.     

Photoproduction of Θ and other pentaquark states

We present constraints on the relative photoproduction cross sections of positive parity pentaquark states, Σ₅, Λ₅, and N₅, based on a minimum phenomenology gained in and their baryon–meson couplings as in the work of Close and Dudek. The possibility of anomalous signals in γp→K⁰_S(Θ⁺;Σ_d⁺) is discussed. We emphasize the importance of comparing with “conventional” states such as γN→KΣ(1660).     

Laser ablated bismuth cuprate thin films preparation and effect of oxygen nonstoichiometry upon superconductivity

Thin films of Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O₈ and (Bi, Pb)₂Sr₂Ca₂Cu₃O₁₀ have been prepared on monocrystalline (100) MgO substrates, using a laser ablation method with post annealing treatment. The influence of substrate temperature and oxygen pressure during deposition were investigated. SEM observations, EDS analysis, electric and magnetic measurements have been used to characterize the films. Superconducting “2212” films, with T_c(R = 0) at 80–83 K and J_c (50 K) up to 5 × 10⁵ A/cm², have been currently achieved, while Pb-doped “2223” films exhibit T_c as high as 110 K with J_c = 5 × 10⁴ A/cm² at 77 K. The effect of annealing at low temperature (350°C) in an argon flow has been studied for the 2212 phase, it shows the influence of the oxygen non-stoichiometry, i.e. of the hole carrier density upon T_c's which can be measured up to 89 K (zero resistance).     

Effect of Ag promoter on redox properties and catalytic performance of Ag-Mo-P-O catalysts for oxidative dehydrogenation of propane

The influence of addition of sliver ions on the redox properties and catalytic performance of molybdenum-phosphate catalyst in oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of propane has been investigated. MoO₃ and AgMoO₂PO₄ have been detected in Ag-doped Mo-P-O catalysts. The redox properties have been characterized by H₂-temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The catalytic performance of MoO₃, Ag₂O, AgMoO₂PO₄ and Ag-doped Mo-P-O catalysts has also been examined. The incorporation of Ag improved the number of Mo⁵⁺ species and the reducibility of the catalysts. The Ag-doped catalysts favor activity and selectivity in ODH of propane higher than the undoped catalyst. The best catalyst was obtained with Ag/Mo ratio of 0.3 and MoO₃/AgMoO₂PO₄ ratio of 1.1. The influence of promoter Ag⁺ on redox properties and catalytic performance is due to forming redox couple “Ag⁰+Mo⁶⁺Ag⁺+Mo⁵⁺” and the synergetic effect originating from “coherent interface” between MoO₃ and AgMoO₂PO₄.     

Spontaneous breaking of scale invariance in a supersymmetric model

The phase structure of a large N, O(N) supersymmetric model in three dimensions is studied. Of special interest is the spontaneous breaking of scale invariance which occurs at a fixed value of the coupling constant, λ₀=λ_c=4π. In this phase the bosons and fermions acquire a mass while a Goldstone boson (dilaton) and Goldstone fermion (“dilatino”) are dynamically generated as massless bound states. The absence of renormalization of the dimensionless coupling constant λ₀ leaves these Goldstone particles massless.     

Extended antifield formalism

The antifield formalism is extended so as to incorporate the rigid symmetries of a given theory. To that end, it is necessary to introduce global ghosts not only for the given rigid symmetries, but also for all the higher order conservation laws, associated with conserved antisymmetric tensors j^μ₁3μ_k fulfilling _μ1j^μ₁3μ_k 2˜ 0. Otherwise, one may encounter obstructions of the type discussed in by the authors. These higher order conservation laws are shown to define additional rigid symmetries of the master equation and to form — together with the standard symmetries — an interesting algebraic structure. They lead furthermore to independent Ward identities which are derived in the standard manner, because the resulting master (“Zinn-Justin”) equation capturing both the gauge symmetries and the rigid symmetries of all orders takes a known form. Issues such as anomalies or consistent deformations of the action preserving some set of rigid symmetries can be also systematically analysed in this framework.     

An Extended Fuzzy Supersphere and¶Twisted Chiral Superfields

A noncommutative associative algebra of the N= 2 fuzzy supersphere is introduced. It turns out to possess a nontrivial automorphism which relates twisted chiral to twisted anti-chiral superfields and hence makes it possible to construct noncommutative nonlinear σ-models with extended supersymmetry. Received: 29 March 1999 / Accepted: 8 April 1999     

Critical current density of rolled silver-sheathed Bi(2223) tapes

Silver-sheathed (Bi,Pb)₂Sr₂Ca₂Cu₃O_x (Bi(2223)) tapes were fabricated by the “oxide-powder-in-tube” technique. After the tapes were shaped and sintered, an additional cold rolling and a re-sintering were applied in order to enhance the critical current density J_c. The influence of the additional rolling conditions (roll diameter, number of passes, lubrication) on the J_c (77 K, 0 T) was made clear. The influence of the sintering conditions (temperature, heating rate) on J_c was also investigated. As for the rolling conditions, a small redundant shear deformation or a small contact angle leads to a good grain alignment, texturing, and a higher J_c value. As for the temperature of the first sintering, 1113 K is superior to 1118 K because of the volume fraction of the Bi(2223) phase.     

Outer curvature and conformal geometry of an imbedding

The differential geometry of an imbedded (e.g. string or membrane world sheet) surface in a higher-dimensional background is shown to be conveniently describable (except in the null limit case) in terms of what are designated as its first, second, and third fundamental tensors, which will have the respective symmetry properties η_μν = η_(μν) as a trivial algebraic identity, K_μν^ρ = K_(μν)^ρ as the “generalised Weingarten identity”, which is the (Frobenius type) integrability condition for the imbedding, and Ξ_λμν^ρ = Ξ_(λμν)^ρ as a “generalised Codazzi equation”, which depends on the background geometry being flat or of constant curvature, needing replacement by a more complicated expression for a generic value of the background curvature B_κλ^μ_ν. The “generalised Gauss equation” expressing the dependence on this background curvature of the internal curvature tensor R_κλ^μ_ν of the imbedded surface is converted into terms of the first and second fundamental tensors, and it is thereby demonstrated that the vanishing of the (conformally invariant) “conformation tensor”, i.e. the trace free part C_μν^ρ of the second fundamental tensor K_μv^ρ, is a sufficient condition for conformal flatness of the imbedded surface (and thus in particular for the vanishing of its (Weyl type) conformal curvature tensor C_κλ^μ_ν) provided the background is itself conformally flat. In a trio of which the first two members are the generalised Gauss and Codazzi equations, the “third” member is shown to give an expression in terms of C_μν^ρ for the (trace free, conformally invariant) “outer curvature” tensor Ω_κλ^μ_ν whose vanishing is the condition for feasibility of the natural generalisation of the Walker frame transportation ansatz. The vanishing of C_μν^ρ is shown to be sufficient in a conformally flat background for the vanishing also of Ω_κλ^μ_ν.     

High field magnetization in Pr(Ni1-xCox)5 single crystals

Magnetization measurements in fields up to 38 T performed at low temperature on single crystals of the hexagonal Pr(Ni_1-xCo_x)₅ compounds for x = 0, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.20 are presented. In PrNi₅ we observe highly original behaviour predicted by the knowledge of the Crystalline Electric Field parameters and arising from the existence of a non-magnetic singlet ground state; namely transitions associated with the field induced “anticrossing” and “crossing” of the two lowest states along the [100] and [120] directions, respectively. The measurements performed on the other compounds have allowed us to study the dependence of this behaviour on Co substitutions.     

点缺陷浓度对非化学计量比L12型结构的A13Sc弹性性能的影响

采用密度泛函理论与Wagner-Schottky热力学模型计算了金属间化合物L1₂-A1₃Sc中点缺陷浓度与温度、成分间的关系. 结果表明: 在考察的温度区间(T=300-1200 K), 理想化学计量比L1₂-A1₃Sc中的点缺陷主要为Al空位和Sc空位, 且缺陷浓度较低(在1200 K时仅约为10^-6). 当L1₂-A1₃Sc偏离化学计量比成分时, 富Al成分端的点缺陷主要为Al反位与Sc空位, 且两种缺陷的浓度相当; 富Sc成分端的点缺陷则主要为Sc反位. 利用超胞模型进一步计算了含点缺陷L1₂-A1₃Sc晶体的弹性常数, 并计算预测了点缺陷形式和浓度对其弹性性能的影响. 结果表明: 在理想化学计量比成分附近, 点缺陷的引入均会降低非化学计量比L1₂-Al₃Sc晶体的杨氏、剪切和体积弹性模量, 增加非化学计量比L1₂-Al₃Sc弹性性能的各向异性, 但是对其脆-韧性的影响不大.     

Synthesis and superconductivity of (Pb0.5Cd0.5)(Sr0.9R0.1)2(R′0.7Ce0.3)2Cu2Oy

New Pb based layered superconducting cuprates (Pb_0.5Cd_0.5)(Sr_0.9R_0.1)₂(R′_0.7Ce_0.3)₂Cu₂O_y with (R,R′) = (Eu,Gd), (Eu,Dy) and (Nd,Gd), have been successfully synthesized. The structure of (Pb,Cd)(Sr,Eu)₂(Gd,Ce)₂Cu₂O_y is determined using XRD data. The X-ray powder diffraction pattern can be indexed by the tetragonal structure with lattice parameters a = 3.8250 Å, C = 29.2235 Å and a space group of I4/mmm. The effects of synthesis conditions on (Pb,Cd)(Sr,Eu)₂(Gd,Ce)₂Cu₂O_y are studied and a T_c(onset) of 26 K is obtained by resistance measurements. It is isostructural to the superconductor (Pb,Cu)(Sr,Eu)₂(Eu,Ce)₂Cu₂O_y.     

Influence of sodium ion dynamics on the 23Na quadrupolar interaction in sodalite: a high-temperature 23Na MAS NMR study

High-temperature ²³Na MAS NMR experiments up to 873 K for a number of different sodalites (Na₈[AlSiO₄]₆(NO₃)₂, Na₈[AlSiO₄]₆(NO₂)₂, Na₈[AlSiO₄]₆I₂, Na_7.9[AlSiO₄]₆(SCN)_7.9 · 0.5H₂O, Na₈[AlGeO₄]₆(NO₃)₂, and Na₇[AlSiO₄]₆(H₃O₂) · 4H₂O) were carried out. The spectra of the first five sodalites consist of a quadrupolar MAS pattern with different quadrupolar coupling constants. The quadrupolar interaction for the thiocyanate sodalite, the nitrate aluminosilicate, and germanate sodalite decreases strongly passing a coalescence state on heating, while the quadrupolar interaction of the iodide and nitrite sample shows nearly no change. The basic hydrosodalite shows an asymmetric lineshape at room temperature and, between 350 and 370 K, a second line due to the evaporation of cage-water emerges. The linewidth increases with rising temperature. The temperature dependence of the quadrupolar interaction seems to be a function of the sodalite β-cage expansion. Two conceivable jump mechanisms are proposed for a tetrahedral two-site jump between occupied and unoccupied tetrahedral sites.     

以新型分子距边矢量ν估计和预测烷烃核磁共振碳谱(13C NMR)化学位移和(CSS)

系统研究了核磁共振碳谱与化学位移和规律,以及分子拓扑指数在定量[结]构[波]谱关系（QSSR）中的应用.本文基于矢量路径长度矢量p=（P₁, P₂, P₃,…, P_m）与分子中原子相互作用,提出了一种新型分子距边矢量并发现它与烷烃¹³C NMR 化学位移和有良好线性相关性, 回归方程及其统计参数为:
CSS=bν+p₃=Σ^m_j=0b_jν_j+b₁₀p₃=b₀ν+b₁ν₁+b₂ν₂+b₃ν₃+b₄ν₄+b₅ν₅+b₆ν₆+b₇ν₇+b₈ν₈+b₉ν9_ν+b₁₀P₃ =-13.6011+22.2133 ν₁+28.4121 ν₂+25.9416 ν₃+26.6709 ν₄+14.4976 ν₅+5.7240 ν₆-5.3830 ν₇-3.2152 ν₈-15.0213 ν₉-25.7099 ν₁₀+12.2786P₃ (n=63, R=0.9970, EV=99.68%, RMS=3.7348, F=2418.2; 交互校验CV为: R=0.9893, EV=98.83%, RMS=7.1261, F=664.046); 结果良好.     

Importance of the photo-beta process for the synthesis of “p” elements in stellar conditions

In this work, we compare positon capture and photo-beta disintegration probabilities in several stellar conditions.

We show that the second process can be neglected with regard to the first one in strongly endothermic nuclear transitions, whereas photo-beta disintegration can be competitive with positon capture and even can have a greater likelihood than the latter process in weakly endothermic and exothermic transitions.

In the range of temperature we consider here (T ≈ 10⁹ °K), it appears that the lifetime ratio τ(ph)/τ(e_c⁺) against photo-beta disintegration and positon capture is the smallest for densities in the neighbourhood of 10⁶ g/cm³.

Thus, we arrive at the conclusion that the photo-beta process can play a role in the synthesis of two “p” elements at least, ₆₂¹⁴⁴Sm and ₈₀¹⁹⁶Hg, for which the ratios τ(ph)/τ(e_c⁺) are close to 10 and 20, respectively, in the most favourable stellar conditions.