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Through simultaneous use of the magneto-optic and powder-pattern methods, observations leading to a number of unexpected results were made on the magnetic domains of transformer steel. For example, the colloid lines on the so called stress pattern appear to be located not on the edges of the domains as previously supposed, but in the centers. Through analysis of this and other observations, one must infer that Bitter patterns are not caused by the stray fields of Bloch walls as is usually assumed but predominantly rather by magnetic surface charges on the domains.  相似文献   

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Knight-shiftK and susceptibility have been investigated on single-crystals of vanadium and niobium between 4 K and 290 K.In the case ofV the changes ofK and are found to be of opposite sign and proportional toT 2 with good approximation. This can be explained by theT-dependence of spin-paramagnetism of 3d-electrons. The hyperfine field due to oned-electron spin is found to be — 90 kG. Small deviations from theT 2-law are explained by minor changes in the orbital susceptibility, which gives the main constituents toK and. In the case of Nb only is found to be proportional toT 2. TheT-dependence ofK is very small and shows a maximum at 140 K. This can be explained by theT-dependence of spinparamagnetism of 4d-electrons as well as 5s-electrons.  相似文献   

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Zusammenfassung Es werden zwei Begriffe: Homogenität des Raumzeitkontinuums und Kovarianz der Gleichungen, wie sie in der Relativitätstheorie gebraucht werden, definiert und erläutert. Es wird gezeigt, doss die beiden Begriffe wesentlich verschieden sind und in Form nichtäquivalenter mathematischer Bedingungen ihren Ausdruck finden. Trotzdem werden beide Begriffe sowohl von Einstein, als auch in der Literatur über Relativitätstheorie mit einem und demselben Wort Relativität bezeichnet. Der Missgebrauch des Wortes Relativität bedeutet nicht nur einen terminologischen Fehler, sondern spricht auch von einem ungenügenden Verständnis der Grundidee der Relativitätstheorie, besonders der sog. allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie. Versteht man unter Relativität Homogenität des Raumes, so ist in der sog. allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie überhaupt keine Relativität vorhanden. Versteht man dagegen unter Relativität Kovarianz der Gleichungen, so steckt in jener Theorie nicht mehr Relativität, wie z. B. in den unrelativistischen Bewegungsgleichungen, welche ebensogut eine allgemein-kovariante Formulierung gestatten (Lagrangesche Gleichungen 2-ter Art). Die Bezeichnung allgemeine Relativitätstheorie ist daher irrefuhrend. Die geniale Theorie Einsteins ist eine reine Gravitationstheorie. , No 4, . 131, 1955. (RhilosophischeFragen No 4, S. 131, Moskau 1955. Ins Deutsche über setzt vom Verfasser).  相似文献   

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Papers fromEkertowa andDember show contradicting results concerning the additivity of photoelectric current and secondary electron current. We found, upon investigation, that additivity exists between photoelectric current and secondary electron current for metals in agreement withEkertowa. The large departures from additivity, observed byDember, receive reasonable interpretation in terms of an internal photoelectric effect in the oxide layer of his target.  相似文献   

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Earlier experimental work on one-component diffusion of tin into niobium wire or of silicon into vanadium wire has been carried out to prepare diffusion-layers with high-field superconductive characteristics. As a continuation of these investigations, layers have been prepared on niobium and vanadium wire by simultaneous two-component diffusion out of the vapour phase. Here tin or silicon acts as one of the components diffusing into niobium or vanadium respectively, whilst the second component in each case consists of elements chosen from neighbouring regions of the Periodic System. In most cases the introduction of the second component into the diffusion layers results in a decrease of the transition temperature observed for one-component diffusion. It is most probable that this decrease is caused by the high vapour pressure of the second component compared with that of the first, tin or silicon. This would result in diffusion-layers having a greater concentration of the second component. However, it is also to be expected that the rate of diffusion ratio of the two components, which is strongly temperature-dependent, has an important effect on the constitution of the diffusion-layers.  相似文献   

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Ohne Zusammenfassung

Auszug aus dem am 4. 11. 1954 auf der Konferenz über Einkristalle in Turnov vorgetragenen Referat.  相似文献   

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