The Intermediate Vertex Subalgebras of the Lattice Vertex Operator Algebras

A notion of intermediate vertex subalgebras of lattice vertex operator algebras is introduced, as a generalization of the notion of principal subspaces. Bases and the graded dimensions of such subalgebras are given. As an application, it is shown that the characters of some modules of an intermediate vertex subalgebra between E ₇ and E ₈ lattice vertex operator algebras satisfy some modular differential equations. This result is an analogue of the result concerning the “hole” of the Deligne dimension formulas and the intermediate Lie algebra between the simple Lie algebras E ₇ and E ₈.     

Mirror Extensions of Vertex Operator Algebras

The mirror extensions for vertex operator algebras are studied. Two explicit examples of extensions of affine vertex operator algebras of type A are given which are not simple current extensions.     

The q-Analogous Vertex Operator and Quantum Affine Algebras

The extended quantum affine algebras of q-analogous vertex operator have been constructed in this Jet ter, and the similar algebra structure of q-analogous fermionic vertex operator is also analysed.     

Vertex Operator Algebras Associated to Admissible Representations of

The Kac-Wakimoto admissible modules for are studied from the point of view of vertex operator algebras. It is shown that the vertex operator algebra L(l,0) associated to irreducible highest weight modules at admissible level is not rational if l is not a positive integer. However, a suitable change of the Virasoro algebra makes L(l,0) a rational vertex operator algebra whose irreducible modules are exactly these admissible modules for and for which the fusion rules are calculated. It is also shown that the q-dimensions with respect to the new Virasoro algebra are modular functions. Received: 4 April 1996/Accepted: 1 August 1996     

On the Structure of Framed Vertex Operator Algebras and Their Pointwise Frame Stabilizers

In this paper, we study the structure of a general framed vertex operator algebra (VOA). We show that the structure codes (C,D) of a framed VOA V satisfy certain duality conditions. As a consequence, we prove that every framed VOA is a simple current extension of the associated binary code VOA V _C . This result suggests the feasibility of classifying framed vertex operator algebras, at least if the central charge is small. In addition, the pointwise frame stabilizer of V is studied. We completely determine all automorphisms in the pointwise stabilizer, which are of order 1, 2 or 4. The 4A-twisted sector and the 4A-twisted orbifold theory of the famous moonshine VOA are also constructed explicitly. We verify that the top module of this twisted sector is of dimension 1 and of weight 3/4 and the VOA obtained by 4A-twisted orbifold construction of is isomorphic to itself. Dedicated to Professor Koichiro Harada on his 65th birthday Partially supported by NSC grant 94-2115-M-006-001 of Taiwan, R.O.C. Supported by JSPS Research Fellowships for Young Scientists.     

Braided Tensor Categories and Extensions of Vertex Operator Algebras

Let V be a vertex operator algebra satisfying suitable conditions such that in particular its module category has a natural vertex tensor category structure, and consequently, a natural braided tensor category structure. We prove that the notions of extension (i.e., enlargement) of V and of commutative associative algebra, with uniqueness of unit and with trivial twist, in the braided tensor category of V-modules are equivalent.     

Affine Vertex Operator Algebras and Modular Linear Differential Equations

In this paper, we list all affine vertex operator algebras of positive integral levels whose dimensions of spaces of characters are at most 5 and show that a basis of the space of characters of each affine vertex operator algebra in the list gives a fundamental system of solutions of a modular linear differential equation. Further, we determine the dimensions of the spaces of characters of affine vertex operator algebras whose numbers of inequivalent simple modules are not exceeding 20.     

Framed Vertex Operator Algebras, Codes and the Moonshine Module

For a simple vertex operator algebra whose Virasoro element is a sum of commutative Virasoro elements of central charge ?, two codes are introduced and studied. It is proved that such vertex operator algebras are rational. For lattice vertex operator algebras and related ones, decompositions into direct sums of irreducible modules for the product of the Virasoro algebras of central charge ? are explicitly described. As an application, the decomposition of the moonshine vertex operator algebra is obtained for a distinguished system of 48 Virasoro algebras. Received: 14 July 1997 / Accepted: 8 September 1997     

A Functional-Analytic Theory of Vertex (Operator) Algebras,II

For a finitely-generated vertex operator algebra V of central charge c, a locally convex topological completion H ^V is constructed. We construct on H ^V a structure of an algebra over the operad of the power Det ^c/2 of the determinant line bundle Det over the moduli space of genus-zero Riemann surfaces with ordered analytically parametrized boundary components. In particular, H ^V is a representation of the semi-group of the power Det ^c/2 (1) of the determinant line bundle over the moduli space of conformal equivalence classes of annuli with analytically parametrized boundary components. The results in Part I for -graded vertex algebras are also reformulated in terms of the framed little disk operad. Using Mays recognition principle for double loop spaces, one immediate consequence of such operadic formulations is that the compactly generated spaces corresponding to (or the k-ifications of) the locally convex completions constructed in Part I and in the present paper have the weak homotopy types of double loop spaces. We also generalize the results above to locally-grading-restricted conformal vertex algebras and to modules.     

Free Bosonic Vertex Operator Algebras on Genus Two Riemann Surfaces I

We define the partition and n-point functions for a vertex operator algebra on a genus two Riemann surface formed by sewing two tori together. We obtain closed formulas for the genus two partition function for the Heisenberg free bosonic string and for any pair of simple Heisenberg modules. We prove that the partition function is holomorphic in the sewing parameters on a given suitable domain and describe its modular properties for the Heisenberg and lattice vertex operator algebras and a continuous orbifolding of the rank two fermion vertex operator super algebra. We compute the genus two Heisenberg vector n-point function and show that the Virasoro vector one point function satisfies a genus two Ward identity for these theories.     

On the Constructions of Holomorphic Vertex Operator Algebras of Central Charge 24

In this article, we construct explicitly several holomorphic vertex operator algebras of central charge 24 using Virasoro frames. The Lie algebras associated to their weight one subspaces are of the types A_1,2 A_3,4⁴, A_1,2D_5,8, A_1,1³A_7,4{A_{1,2} {A_{3,4}}^4, A_{1,2}D_{5,8}, {A_{1,1}}^3A_{7,4}} , A_1,1² C_3,2 D_5,4, A_2,1² A_5,2² C_2,1, A_3,1 A_7,2 C_3,1², A_3,1C_7,2{{A_{1,1}}^2 C_{3,2} D_{5,4}, {A_{2,1}}^2 {A_{5,2}}^2 C_{2,1}, A_{3,1} A_{7,2} {C_{3,1}}^2, A_{3,1}C_{7,2}} , A_4,1 A_9,2B_3,1, B_4,1 C_6,1²{A_{4,1} A_{9,2}B_{3,1}, B_{4,1} {C_{6,1}}^2} and B _6,1 C _10,1. These vertex operator algebras correspond to number 7, 10, 18, 19, 26, 33, 35, 40, 48 and 56 in Schellekens’ list Schellekens (Commun Math Phys 153:159–185, 1993).     

A Functional-Analytic Theory¶of Vertex (Operator) Algebras, I

This paper is the first in a series of papers developing a functional-analytic theory of vertex (operator) algebras and their representations. For an arbitrary ℤ-graded finitely-generated vertex algebra (V, Y, 1) satisfying the standard grading-restriction axioms, a locally convex topological completion H of V is constructed. By the geometric interpretation of vertex (operator) algebras, there is a canonical linear map from $V⊗V to (the algebraic completion of V) realizing linearly the conformal equivalence class of a genus-zero Riemann surface with analytically parametrized boundary obtained by deleting two ordered disjoint disks from the unit disk and by giving the obvious parametrizations to the boundary components. We extend such a linear map to a linear map from $H\tilde{\otimes} H$ ( being the completed tensor product) to H, and prove the continuity of the extension. For any finitely-generated ℂ-graded V-module (W, Y _W ) satisfying the standard grading-restriction axioms, the same method also gives a topological completion H _W of W and gives the continuous extensions from to H _W of the linear maps from to realizing linearly the above conformal equivalence classes of the genus-zero Riemann surfaces with analytically parametrized boundaries. Received: 15 August 1998 / Accepted: 13 January 1999     

Modular Forms and Second Order Ordinary Differential Equations: Applications to Vertex Operator Algebras

We study the relation between the Kaneko–Zagier equation and the Mathur–Mukhi–Sen classification, and extend it to the case of solutions with logarithmic terms, which correspond to pseudo-characters of non-rational vertex operator algebras. As an application, we prove a non-existence theorem of rational vertex operator algebras.     

Twisted Sectors for Tensor Product Vertex Operator Algebras Associated to Permutation Groups

Let V be a vertex operator algebra, and for k a positive integer, let g be a k-cycle permutation of the vertex operator algebra V ^{⊗ k} . We prove that the categories of weak, weak admissible and ordinary g-twisted modules for the tensor product vertex operator algebra V ^{⊗ k} are isomorphic to the categories of weak, weak admissible and ordinary V-modules, respectively. The main result is an explicit construction of the weak g-twisted V ^{⊗ k} -modules from weak V-modules. For an arbitrary permutation automorphism g of V ^{⊗ k} the category of weak admissible g-twisted modules for V ^{⊗ k} is semisimple and the simple objects are determined if V is rational. In addition, we extend these results to the more general setting of γg-twisted V ^{⊗ k} -modules for γ a general automorphism of V acting diagonally on V ^{⊗ k} and g a permutation automorphism of V ^{⊗ k} . Received: 20 April 2000 / Accepted: 20 January 2002     

Vertex Algebras,Mirror Symmetry,and D-Branes: The Case of Complex Tori

 A vertex algebra is an algebraic counterpart of a two-dimensional conformal field theory. We give a new definition of a vertex algebra which includes chiral algebras as a special case, but allows for fields which are neither meromorphic nor anti-meromorphic. To any complex torus equipped with a flat K?hler metric and a closed 2-form we associate an N=2 superconformal vertex algebra (N=2 SCVA) in the sense of our definition. We find a criterion for two different tori to produce isomorphic N=2 SCVA's. We show that for algebraic tori the isomorphism of N=2 SCVA's implies the equivalence of the derived categories of coherent sheaves corresponding to the tori or their noncommutative generalizations (Azumaya algebras over tori). We also find a criterion for two different tori to produce N=2 SCVA's related by a mirror morphism. If the 2-form is of type (1,1), this condition is identical to the one proposed by Golyshev, Lunts, and Orlov, who used an entirely different approach inspired by the Homological Mirror Symmetry Conjecture of Kontsevich. Our results suggest that Kontsevich's conjecture must be modified: coherent sheaves must be replaced with modules over Azumaya algebras, and the Fukaya category must be ``twisted' by a closed 2-form. We also describe the implications of our results for BPS D-branes on Calabi-Yau manifolds. Received: 3 May 2001 / Accepted: 17 August 2002 Published online: 8 January 2003     

Rationality of Bershadsky-Polyakov Vertex Algebras

We prove the conjecture of Kac-Wakimoto on the rationality of exceptional W-algebras for the first non-trivial series, namely, for the Bershadsky-Polyakov vertex algebras ${W_3^{(2)}}$ W 3 ( 2 ) at level k =  p/2?3 with ${p = 3, 5, 7, 9, \dots}$ p = 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 , ? . This gives new examples of rational conformal field theories.     

Generalized Twisted Modules Associated to General Automorphisms of a Vertex Operator Algebra

We introduce a notion of a strongly ${\mathbb{C}^{\times}}We introduce a notion of a strongly \mathbbC^×{\mathbb{C}^{\times}}-graded, or equivalently, \mathbbC/\mathbbZ{\mathbb{C}/\mathbb{Z}}-graded generalized g-twisted V-module associated to an automorphism g, not necessarily of finite order, of a vertex operator algebra. We also introduce a notion of a strongly \mathbbC{\mathbb{C}}-graded generalized g-twisted V-module if V admits an additional \mathbbC{\mathbb{C}}-grading compatible with g. Let V=\coprod_{n ? \mathbbZ}V_(n){V=\coprod_{n\in \mathbb{Z}}V_{(n)}} be a vertex operator algebra such that V₍₀₎=\mathbbC1{V_{(0)}=\mathbb{C}\mathbf{1}} and V _(n) = 0 for n < 0 and let u be an element of V of weight 1 such that L(1)u = 0. Then the exponential of 2p?{-1}  Res_x Y(u, x){2\pi \sqrt{-1}\; {\rm Res}_{x} Y(u, x)} is an automorphism g _u of V. In this case, a strongly \mathbbC{\mathbb{C}}-graded generalized g _u -twisted V-module is constructed from a strongly \mathbbC{\mathbb{C}}-graded generalized V-module with a compatible action of g _u by modifying the vertex operator map for the generalized V-module using the exponential of the negative-power part of the vertex operator Y(u, x). In particular, we give examples of such generalized twisted modules associated to the exponentials of some screening operators on certain vertex operator algebras related to the triplet W-algebras. An important feature is that we have to work with generalized (twisted) V-modules which are doubly graded by the group \mathbbC/\mathbbZ{\mathbb{C}/\mathbb{Z}} or \mathbbC{\mathbb{C}} and by generalized eigenspaces (not just eigenspaces) for L(0), and the twisted vertex operators in general involve the logarithm of the formal variable.     

Vertex Operators for Boundary Algebras

We construct embeddings of boundary algebras into ZF algebras . Since it is known that these algebras are the relevant ones for the study of quantum integrable systems (with boundaries for and without for ), this connection allows to make the link between different approaches of the systems with boundaries. The construction uses the well-bred vertex operators built recently, and is classified by reflection matrices. It relies only on the existence of an R-matrix obeying a unitarity condition, and as such can be applied to any infinite dimensional quantum group.     

Twisted Logarithmic Modules of Vertex Algebras

Motivated by logarithmic conformal field theory and Gromov–Witten theory, we introduce a notion of a twisted module of a vertex algebra under an arbitrary (not necessarily semisimple) automorphism. Its main feature is that the twisted fields involve the logarithm of the formal variable. We develop the theory of such twisted modules and, in particular, derive a Borcherds identity and commutator formula for them. We investigate in detail the examples of affine and Heisenberg vertex algebras.     

A Cohomology Theory of Grading-Restricted Vertex Algebras

We introduce a cohomology theory of grading-restricted vertex algebras. To construct the correct cohomologies, we consider linear maps from tensor powers of a grading-restricted vertex algebra to “rational functions valued in the algebraic completion of a module for the algebra,” instead of linear maps from tensor powers of the algebra to a module for the algebra. One subtle complication arising from such functions is that we have to carefully address the issue of convergence when we compose these linear maps with vertex operators. In particular, for each ${n \in \mathbb{N}}$ , we have an inverse system ${\{H^{n}_{m}(V, W)\}_{m \in \mathbb{Z}_{+}}}$ of nth cohomologies and an additional nth cohomology ${H_{\infty}^{n}(V, W)}$ of a grading-restricted vertex algebra V with coefficients in a V-module W such that ${H_{\infty}^{n}(V, W)}$ is isomorphic to the inverse limit of the inverse system ${\{H^{n}_{m}(V, W)\}_{m\in \mathbb{Z}_{+}}}$ . In the case of n = 2, there is an additional second cohomology denoted by ${H^{2}_{\frac{1}{2}}(V, W)}$ which will be shown in a sequel to the present paper to correspond to what we call square-zero extensions of V and to first order deformations of V when W = V.