AN IMPROVED HYBRID BOUNDARY NODE METHOD IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL SOLIDS

The hybrid boundary node method （HBNM） is a promising method for solving boundary value problems with the hybrid displacement variational formulation and shape functions from the moving least squares（MLS） approximation. The main idea is to reduce the dimensionality of the former and keep the meshless advantage of the latter. Following its application in solving potential problems, it is further developed and numerically implemented for 2D solids in this paper. The rigid movement method is employed to solve the hyper-singular integrations. Numerical examples for some 2D solids have been given to show the characteristics. The computation results obtained by the present method are in excellent agreement with the analytical solution. The parameters that influence the performance of this method are studied through numerical examples.     

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提出了将杂交边界点法和双重互易法结合求解势问题的一种新的算法. 将势问题的解分为通解和特解两部分，通解使用 杂交边界点方法求解，特解则利用局部径向基函数近似. 该方法输入数据只是求解域上离散 的点，不需要额外的方程来计算域内物理量，后处理十分简便. 数值算例表明了该方法的稳 定性和有效性.     

MESHLESS METHOD OF DUAL RECIPROCITY HYBRID RADIAL BOUNDARY NODE METHOD FOR ELASTICITY

Combining the radial point interpolation method （RPIM）, the dual reciprocity method （DRM） and the hybrid boundary node method （HBNM）, a dual reciprocity hybrid radial boundary node method （DHRBNM） is proposed for linear elasticity. Compared to DHBNM, RPIM is exploited to replace the moving least square （MLS） in DHRBNM, and it gets rid of the deficiency of MLS approximation, in which shape functions lack the delta function property, the boundary condition can not be applied easily and directly and it＇s computational expense is high. Besides, different approximate functions are discussed in DRM to get the interpolation property, in which the accuracy and efficiency for different basis functions are compared. Then RPIM is also applied in DRM to replace the conical function interpolation, which can greatly improve the accuracy of the present method. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the present method, DHBNM is applied for comparison, and some numerical examples of 2-D elasticity problems show that the present method is much more effective than DHBNM.     

弹性薄板弯曲问题的双互易杂交边界点法

基于一种板的修正变分泛函,将杂交边界点法与双互易法结合,用于薄板弯曲问题的分析。该方法将问题的解分为齐次方程的通解和非齐次的特解两部分,特解采用径向基函数插值得到,而通解则使用杂交边界点法求解。在杂交边界点法用于求解通解的列式过程中,边界变量采用移动最小二乘近似,域内变量则采用基本解插值。与有限元法相比,该方法仅需要边界上离散点的信息,无论插值还是积分都不需要网格,域内点仅用来插值非齐次项,因而仍是一种纯边界类型的无网格方法。数值算例表明,本文方法能以很少的计算自由度获得与其它方法同样的计算精度,且具有前后处理简单、收敛速度快等优点,适合于求解工程中各种薄板的弯曲问题。     

势问题的重构核粒子边界无单元法

将重构核粒子法和势问题的边界积分方程方法结合,提出了势问题的重构核粒子边界无单元法. 推导了势问题的重构核粒子边界无单元法的公式,研究其数值积分方案,建立了重构核粒子边界无单元法的离散化边界积分方程,并推导了重构核粒子边界无单元法的内点位势的积分公式. 重构核粒子法形成的形函数具有重构核函数的光滑性,且能再现多项式在插值点的精确值,所以该方法具有更高的精度. 最后给出了数值算例,验证了所提方法的有效性和正确性. }      

用杂交边界点法分析简支薄板的热弯曲问题

该文利用杂交边界点法对简支薄板的热弹性弯曲进行了分析计算.采用薄板的热弹性理论,通过薄板的修正变分原理建立了各向同性薄板的边界局部积分方程,域内变量使用基本解插值,而边界上的变量则用移动最小二乘法近似.计算时仅需边界上离散点的信息,无论变量近似还是数值积分都不需要网格,因此该方法是一种纯边界类型无网格方法.数值算例表明,杂交边界点法在分析薄板的热弯曲问题时具有效率高、精度高和收敛性好等优点.     

Mode III fracture analysis by Trefftz boundary element method

This paper presents a hybrid Trefftz (HT) boundary element method (BEM) by using two indirect techniques for mode III fracture problems. Two Trefftz complete functions of Laplace equation for normal elements and a special purpose Trefftz function for crack elements are proposed in deriving the Galerkin and the collocation techniques of HT BEM. Then two auxiliary functions are introduced to improve the accuracy of the displacement field near the crack tips, and stress intensity factor (SIF) is evaluated by local crack elements as well. Furthermore, numerical examples are given, including comparisons of the present results with the analytical solution and the other numerical methods, to demonstrate the efficiency for different boundary conditions and to illustrate the convergence influenced by several parameters. It shows that HT BEM by using the Galerkin and the collocation techniques is effective for mode III fracture problems. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(10472082). The English text was polished by Keren Wang.     

弹性动力学的双互易杂交边界点法

将双互易法同杂交边界点法相结合,提出了求解弹性动力问题的新型数值方法------双互易杂交边界点方法. 该算法在求解弹性动力问题时,将控制方程非齐次项的域内积分转化为边界积分. 该方法将问题的解分为通解和特解两部分,通解使用杂交边界点法求得,特解则使用局部径向基函数插值得到,从而实现了使用静力问题的基本解来求解动力问题. 计算时仅仅需要边界上离散点的信息,无论积分还是插值都不需要网格,域内节点仅用来插值非齐次项,因此该算法仍是一种边界类型的无网格方法. 数值算例表明,该方法后处理简单,计算精度高,适合于求解弹性动力问题.      

伸缩虚拟边界元法解二维Helmholtz外问题

以位势理论为基础，提出了求解Helmholtz外问题的伸缩虚拟边界元法．给出了该方法在全波数域内获得唯一解的严格数学证明，其核心是通过伸缩虚拟边界使对偶内问题的特征频率(本征值)避开与波数重合，从而保证了解的唯一性，同以往前人提出的几种解法途径相比，该法简单得多；通过诸多边界曲线形状和不同边界量的声辐射算例，从计算精度、稳定性以及克服解的非唯一性等方面，对该方法进行了检验．计算结果表明：对远场或近场辐射声压，该方法都具有非常高的效率和精度．     

Local Petrov-Galerkin method for a thin plate

The meshless local Petrov-Galerkin (MLPG) method for solving the bendingproblem of the thin plate were presented and discussed. The method used the moving least-squares approximation to interpolate the solution variables, and employed a local symmetricweak form. The present method was a truly meshless one as it did not need a finite elementor boundary element mesh, either for purpose of interpolation of the solution, or for theintegration of the energy. All integrals could be easily evaluated over regularly shapeddomains ( in general, spheres in three-dimensional problems ) and their boundaries. Theessential boundary conditions were enforced by the penalty method. Several numericalexamples were presented to illustrate the implementation and performance of the presentmethod. The numerical examples presented show that high accuracy can be achieved forarbitrary grid geometries for clamped and simply-supported edge conditions. No postprocessing procedure is required to computer the strain and stress, since the originalsolution from the present method, using the moving least squares approximation, is already smooth enough.     

弹性薄板分析的条形传递函数方法

提出一种用于矩形弹性薄板变形分析的条形传递函数方法．一个矩形区域首先沿某一个方向被剖分成若干个条形子域,分割这些子域的直线称为结线,在结线上定义位移函数,它是结线坐标的一维函数,结线的两个端点称为结点．为适应复杂边界条件,在边界结线上定义若干结点,该结线的位移函数用结点位移参数插值表示．每个条形子域的变形用结线位移函数和适当的插值函数（形函数）表示．结线位移函数和结点位移参数满足的平衡微分方程及代数方程由变分原理给出     

断裂力学问题的杂交边界点方法

提出了一种求解断裂力学的新的边界类型无网格方法-杂交边界点法.以修正变分原理和移动最小二乘近似为基础,同时具有边界元法和无网格法的优良特性,求解时仅仅需要边界上离散点的信息.该文将杂交边界点方法应用到弹性断裂问题中,将移动最小二乘方法中的基函数扩充,能更好的模拟裂纹尖端应力场的奇异性,推导了求解断裂力学的杂交边界点法方程,与传统的元网格方法相比,文中方法具有后处理简单,计算精度高的优点.数值算例表明了该方法的稳定性和有效性.     

Calculation of the reflected wave from a pipe with a nozzle end by the Lax-Wendroff method

The solution of gas flow problems in pipes with nozzle ends is discussed. The Lax-Wendroff method, with a hybrid boundary condition approximation, is used to compute the numerical solutions to some test problems. The accuracy of the solutions obtained by this method is assessed by a comparison with theoretical solutions.     

Application of hybrid Cartesian grid and gridless approach to moving boundary flow problems

The paper presents a hybrid Cartesian grid and gridless approach to solve unsteady moving boundary flow problems. Unlike the Chimera clouds of points approach, the hybrid approach uses a Cartesian grid to cover most of the computational domain and a gridless method to calculate a relatively small region adjacent to the body surface, making use of the flexibility of the gridless method in handling surface grid with complicated geometry and the computational efficiency of the Cartesian grid. Four cases were conducted to examine the applicability, accuracy and robustness of the hybrid approach. Steady flows over a single NACA0012 airfoil and dual NACA0012 airfoils at different Mach numbers and angles of attack were simulated. Moreover, by implementing a dynamic hole cutting, node identification and information communication between the Cartesian grid and the gridless regions, unsteady flows over a pitching NACA0012 airfoil (small displacement) and two‐dimensional airfoil/store separation (large displacement) were performed. The computational results were found to agree well with earlier experimental data as well as computational results. Shock waves were accurately captured. The computational results show that the hybrid approach is of potential to solve the moving boundary flow problems. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

弹性力学的杂交自然单元法

为了解决自然单元法无法直接求解节点应力以及应力解精度不高的问题, 将应力杂交的思想引入自然单元法中, 与弹性问题的Hellinger-Reissner变分原理结合, 提出了弹性问题的杂交自然单元法. 算例表明: 杂交自然单元法的计算结果与解析解吻合, 证明该方法是可行的; 在求解应力方面, 杂交自然单元法比自然单元法有着更高的计算精度, 而且可以直接求解出节点的应力.     

一种有效的网格自适应方法

针对网格自适应方法中的移动网格变形法进行了研究,该方法通过采用最小二乘有限元法求解div-curl方程组,使雅可比行列式值等于给定的监测函数值,以改变网格节点的位置,从而获得期望的网格边界及大小分布。文末给出的4个二维和三维问题的算例表明,本文方法是非常有效的。     

A MESH-FREE ALGORITHM FOR DYNAMIC IMPACT ANALYSIS OF HYPERELASTICITY

A mesh-free method based on local Petrov-Galerkin formulation is presented to solve dynamic impact problems of hyperelastic material.In the present method,a simple Heaviside test function is chosen for simplifying domain integrals.Trial function is constructed by using a radial basis function(RBF)coupled with a polynomial basis function,in which the shape function possesses the kronecker delta function property.So,additional treatment is not required for imposing essential boundary conditions.Governing equations of impact problems are established and solved node by node by using an explicit time integration algorithm in a local domain,which is very similar to that of the collocation method except that numerical integration can be implemented over local domain in the present method.Numerical results for several examples show that the present method performs well in dealing with the dynamic impact problem of hyperelastic material.     

Fictitious frequency for the exterior Helmholtz equation subject to the mixed-type boundary condition using BEMs

Boundary integral equations and boundary element methods were employed analytically, semi-analytically and numerically to study the occurrence of fictitious frequency for the exterior Helmholtz equations subject to the mixed-type boundary conditions. A semi-infinite rod and a circular radiator of problems were addressed. Degenerate kernel of the fundamental solution and Fourier series for boundary density were utilized in the null-field integral equation to examine the occurrence of fictitious frequency semi-analytically. The BEM was utilized to solve the solution numerically. The CHIEF technique and Burton and Miller method were adopted to suppress the occurrence of the fictitious frequency. It is emphasized that the occurrence of fictitious frequency depend on the adopted method (singular or hypersingular formulation) no matter what the given type of boundary condition for the problem is. The illustrative examples were tested to verify this finding successfully.     

A MESHLESS LOCAL PETROV-GALERKIN METHOD FOR GEOMETRICALLY NONLINEAR PROBLEMS

Nonlinear formulations of the meshless local Petrov-Galerkin （MLPG） method are presented for geometrically nonlinear problems. The method requires no mesh in computation and therefore avoids mesh distortion difficulties in the large deformation analysis. The essential boundary conditions in the present formulation axe imposed by a penalty method. An incremental and iterative solution procedure is used to solve geometrically nonlinear problems. Several examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method in geometrically nonlinear problems analysis. Numerical results show that the MLPG method is an effective one and that the values of the unknown variable are quite accurate.     

求解Helmholtz方程基于核重构思想的最小二乘配点法

基于核重构思想构造近似函数，将配点法和最小二乘原理相结合对微分方程进行离散， 建立了Helmholtz方程的最小二乘配点格式，并分别研究了Helmholtz方程的波传播问题和 边界层问题. 通过数值算例可以发现，给出的数值计算结果非常接近于精确解，计算精度明显高于SPH 法的数值结果，且随着节点数目的增加，其精确度越来越高，具有良好的收敛性.