A wire-to-wire type nonthermal plasma reactor with ferroelectric pellet barrier

A new wire-to-wire type of discharge plasma reactor with ferroelectric pellet barrier has been proposed and investigated experimentally. It was found that there were intense microdischarge currents taking place on the AC corona-charged surfaces of the ferroelectric pellet barrier. These surfaces were placed on the bottom wire electrode in the reactor. This type of nonthermal plasma reactor was found to generate a corona discharge twice per half cycle of the applied AC high voltage, once from the upper corona wire and again from the surface of the pellet barrier.As a result, the proposed plasma reactor has the potential to greatly increase ozone production and may find use as an effective means for removing pollutant gases.     

Proposal for measuring mechanically equilibrium spin currents in the rashba medium

We demonstrate that an equilibrium spin current in a 2D electron gas with Rashba spin-orbit interaction (Rashba medium) results in a mechanical torque on a substrate near an edge of the medium. If the substrate is a cantilever, the mechanical torque displaces the free end of the cantilever. The effect can be enhanced and tuned by a magnetic field. Observation of this displacement would be an effective method to prove the existence of equilibrium spin currents. The analysis of edges of the Rashba medium demonstrates the existence of localized edge states. They form a 1D continuum of states. This suggests a new type of quantum wire: spin-orbit quantum wire.     

Different effect of evanescent modes on acoustic phonon transport in different types of a three-dimensional quantum wire

By the use of the scattering matrix method, we investigate the effect of evanescent modes on acoustic phonon transport and thermal conductance in both convex and concave type three-dimensional quantum wire. Our results show that the evanescent modes can enhance the transmission coefficient and the thermal conductance in the concave type three-dimensional quantum wire. However, for the convex type three-dimensional quantum wire, the evanescent modes can play adverse effect on the phonon transport. When the length of scattering region is large enough, for all types of three-dimensional quantum wire, the influence of evanescent modes on phonon transport becomes very weak.     

The isotropic-to-nematic transition in a two-dimensional fluid of hard needles: a finite-size scaling study

Laser dependence of binding energy on exciton in a GaAs quantum well wire embedded on an AlGaAs wire within the single band effective mass approximation is investigated. Laser dressed donor binding energy is calculated as a function of wire radius with the renormalization of the semiconductor gap and conduction valence effective masses. We take into account the laser dressing effects on both the impurity Coulomb potential and the confinement potential. The valence-band anisotropy is included in our theoretical model by using different hole masses in different spatial directions. The spatial dielectric function and the polaronic effects have been employed in a GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wire. The numerical calculations reveal that the binding energy is found to increase with decrease with the wire radius, and decrease with increase with the value of laser field amplitude, the polaronic effect enhances the binding energy considerably and the binding energy of the impurity for the narrow well wire is more sensitive to the laser field amplitude.     

Electrons in a curvilinear quantum wire

The adiabatic motion of electrons in curvilinear quantum wires was studied. It was assumed that the cross section of a wire was constant along its length. The potential that limited electron motion across a wire and the shape of the cross section of the wire were considered arbitrary, while the curvature and the torsion (defined as the derivative of the cross section rotation angle with respect to the length) were assumed to be small. An effective nonrelativistic Hamiltonian for the motion of electrons along a wire with the conservation of transverse quantum numbers was obtained. The spin-orbit coupling Hamiltonian related to the curvature and torsion of a wire was found. Particular cases of a rectilinear twisted quantum wire with a noncircular cross section and a curvilinear quantum wire on a plane were studied. Various transverse potential models limiting the motion of electrons were considered. In particular, the coefficients of the effective Hamiltonian for quantum wires with rectangular and circular cross sections and hard walls and for wires with a parabolic potential were found.     

Polaron self-energy and effective mass in a freestanding cylindrical quantum wire

The polaron self-energy and correction to the electron effective mass in a freestanding quantum wire is investigated by the perturbation approach.The polaron effect of the electron-confined longitudinal optical (LO) phonon and surface optical (SO) phonon interactions are separately worked out. Numerical calculation on a GaAs quantum wire shows that the confined LO phonon contribution to the polaron self-energy is relatively small for a narrow wire and gradually approach that of the bulk material when the radius of the wire increases. While the contribution of the SO phonon modes is big for small wire radius and then decreases as the radius increases.     

钢丝缠绕剖分式超高压模具等张力预紧分析

针对超高压装置大型化受限于大质量硬质合金加工困难等问题,设计了一种新型的钢丝缠绕剖分式两面顶超高压模具。该模具主要由内部的剖分式压缸和外部的预应力钢丝组成。对采用等张力钢丝缠绕模具进行了力学模型分析,并通过有限元软件对剖分式压缸和钢丝缠绕层进行研究。结果表明:加载后压缸腔体的最大等效应力出现在压缸腔体内壁;压缸腔体尺寸稳定性与钢丝缠绕层数及钢丝直径成正比;在缠绕层内部,钢丝轴向应力与钢丝直径成反比,与缠绕层数成正比。     

悬线式力矩器磁路设计中的有限元分析应用

光学头力矩器的空间磁场分布直接决定了力矩器的动态性能,对磁场进行准确分析是力矩器设计的前提。分析了悬线式力矩器的空间磁场产生机理,并采用有限元分析法进行了理论推导。以一款动线圈式二维对称型只读悬线式力矩器为例,采用有限元仿真软件（ANSYS）分析并设计了其空间磁场分布,对影响力矩器空间磁场分布的相关因素进行了分析。将采用有限元法对悬线式力矩器空间磁场仿真计算得出的力矩器动态特性参数与实测力矩器动态特性参数相比,其结果均符合力矩器的设计要求,证明基于有限元分析法的悬线式力矩器空间磁场设计是可行的。     

Polaronic Effects of an Exciton in a Cylindrical Quantum Wire

The effects of exciton-optical phonon interaction on the binding energy and the total and reduced effective masses of an exciton in a cylindrical quantum wire have been investigated. We adopt a perturbative-PLL [T.D. Lee, F. Low, and D. Pines, Phys. Rev. B90 (1953) 297] technique to construct an effective Hamiltonian and then use a variational solution to deal with the exciton-phonon system. The interactions of exciton with the longitudinal-optical phonon and the surface-optical phonon have been taken into consideration. The numerical calculations for GaAs show that the influences of phonon modes on the exciton in a quasi-one-dimensional quantum wire are considerable and should not be neglected. Moreover the numerical results for heavy- and light-hole exciton are obtained, which show that the polaronic effects on two types of excitons are very different but both depend heavily on the sizes of the wire.     

Polaronic effects in asymmetric quantum wire: An all-coupling variational approach

An all-coupling variational calculation based on Lee-Low-Pines-Huybrechts (LLPH) theory is performed to study the ground state and the first excited state in an asymmetric polar semiconductor quantum wire that is valid for the entire range of the electron-phonon coupling constant and arbitrary confinement length. It is shown that the polaronic effects are very important and size dependent, if the effective width of the wire is reduced below a certain length scale. It is also shown that asymmetry in a quantum wire can be used as an extra parameter to increase the stability of the polaron. Finally the theory is applied to a realistic CdS quantum wire.     

Characterization of brush type discharge electrodes and impact of enhanced corona discharge on operation of electrostatic precipitators

This project presents the results of investigation of current/voltage characteristics of brush type discharge electrodes (BTDE) in tube type electrostatic precipitators and the effect on operation. Experimental investigations were conducted with discharge electrodes of different wire diameter and different brush diameter. The effect of electrode geometry on current/voltage behavior was recorded. Corona current with brush type discharge electrodes was modeled and compared with experimental data. Brush type discharge electrodes produce an enhanced corona current compared with wire type discharge electrodes. Limited enhanced corona has improving effect on collection efficiency. An adjusted correlation was therefore deduced from experimentally obtained current/voltage data with BTDE.     

The electric field dependence of a donor impurity in graded <Emphasis Type="Bold">GaAs</Emphasis> quantum wires

The effect of the electric field on the binding energy of the ground state of a shallow donor impurity in a graded GaAs quantum-well wire (GQWW) was investigated. The electric field was applied parallel to the symmetry axes of the wire. Within the effective mass approximation, we calculated the binding energy of the donor impurity by a variational method as a function of the wire dimension, applied electric field, and donor impurity position. We show that changes in the donor binding energy in GQWWs strongly depend not only on the quantum confinement, but also on the direction of the electric field and on the impurity position. We also compared our results with those for the square quantum-well wire (SQWW). The results we obtained describe the behavior of impurities in both square and graded quantum wires. PACS 68.65.-k; 71.55.-i; 71.55.Eq     

Simultaneous effects of temperature and pressure on the donor binding energy in a V-groove quantum wire

The influence of temperature and pressure, simultaneously, on the binding energy of a hydrogenic donor impurity in a ridge GaAs/Ga_1−xAl_xAs quantum wire is studied using a variational procedure within the effective mass approximation. The subband energy and the binding energy of the donor impurity in its ground state as a function of the wire bend width and impurity location at different temperatures and pressures are calculated. The results show that, when the temperature increases, the donor binding energy decreases for a constant applied pressure for all wire bend widths. Also, the binding energy increases by increasing the pressure for a constant temperature for all wire bend widths. In addition, when the temperature and pressure are applied simultaneously the binding energy decreases as the quantum wire bend width increases. On the whole, it is deduced that the temperature and pressure have important effects on the donor binding energy in a V-groove quantum wire.     

The mobility of charge carriers in a size-quantized coated semiconductor wire

Within the framework of a staircase infinitely deep potential well model, the mobility of charge carriers is calculated for scattering on impurity centers located on the axis of a size-quantized semiconducting coated wire. Calculations are done for the dielectric constant mismatch of the wire, coating and surrounding environment, taking into account the difference of the effective masses in the wire and coating. The effect of a longitudinal magnetic field on mobility is also considered. Numerical results are presented for the GaAs–Ga_1−xAl_xAs system at different values of the wire and coating radii, the alloy concentration x, and magnetic field.     

铜导线短路熔痕的XPS研究

利用氩离子溅射对熔痕样品进行了深度刻蚀,同时利用Cu的俄歇谱线和计算的俄歇参数值,对不同环境形成的铜导线短路痕迹的物相及元素分布规律进行了分析。根据刻蚀时间可将一次短路熔痕表面膜层分为三部分,即C含量迅速减少的近表面层;O含量变化不大,C含量逐渐消失且有Cu₂O相的中间层;无Cu₂O相,O含量显著减少的过渡层。而将二次短路熔痕表面膜层分为两部分：C含量迅速减少的近表面层;无Cu₂O相,C和O量逐渐减少层。由此可见,一次短路熔痕的表面膜层与基体分界明显,有显著的过渡层,而二次短路熔痕的表面膜层与基体分界不明显,无过渡层。综上所述,可以根据两种短路熔痕是否含有Cu₂O相以及定量分析结果来区分两种熔痕,为判断火灾原因提供新的技术依据。     

Confined and interface polarons in cylindrical nanowires in an electric field

The effect of an electric field on the basic parameters of confined and interfacepolarons in cylindrical nanowires embedded in a non-polar matrix are studied theoreticallyfor the first time. By using the Lee, Low, and Pines variational method, the analyticalexpressions for the quasi-one-dimensional Fröhlich polaron self-energy and effective massare obtained as functions of the wire radius and the strength of the electric fieldapplied perpendicular to the wire axis. We have shown that the polaron self-energy as wellas effective mass strongly depents on both the strengths of the electric field and on thewire radius. This will be taken into account in the interpretation of optical phenomenarelated to polaron motion in cylindrical nanowire, when the effect of an applied electricfield competes with the spatial quantum confinement.     

抛物量子线中强耦合极化子的有效质量

采用改进的线性组合算符法、Lagrange乘子和变分法,在考虑电子与LO声子相互作用情况下,研究了抛物量子线中强耦合极化子的有效质量和光学声子平均数。通过数值计算,讨论了约束强度ω₀和拉格朗日乘子u对极化子的有效质量m^*和光学声子平均数N及极化子振动频率λ的影响。计算结果表明:有效质量m^*和光学声子平均数N及极化子振动频率λ都随着约束强度ω₀和拉格朗日乘子u的增加而增大。     

Electromagnetic field perturbation by an internal void in a conducting cylinder excited by a wire loop

A thin prolate spheroidal void in an infinite conducting circular cylinder is used to model an internal flaw in a wire rope. The rope is excited by an electric ring current which is a model for a thin solenoid or multi-turn wire loop. The anomalous external fields are computed from the induced electric and magnetic dipole moments of the void. For this type of excitation, the induced axial magnetic dipole moment is the dominant contributor to the scattered field. The results have application to nondestructive testing of wire ropes.     

Linear and nonlinear optical absorption coefficients in an asymmetric graded ridge quantum wire

In this article, the optical absorption coefficients in an asymmetric ridge quantum wire within the framework of the density matrix formalism are studied. The energy spectrum and wave functions of a quantum wire with graded confinement potential using the effective mass approximation are analytically calculated. The results show that parameters such as the asymmetry and width of the potential well change the position and magnitude of the absorption peak and saturation intensity. The incident optical intensity also has a great effect on the total absorption.     

Fabrication and optical properties of platinum nanowire arrays on anodic aluminium oxide templates

Arrays of Pt nanowires, fabricated by electrodepositing Pt metal into nanoporous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) templates, exhibit a preferable optical absorption band in the ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectra and present a blueshift as the wire aspect ratio increases or its radius decreases. This type of optical property of Pt nanowire/porous alumina composites has been theoretically explored using Maxwell－Garnett (MG) effective medium theory. The MG theory, however, is only applicable to nanowires with an infinitesimally small radius relative to the wavelength of an incident light. The nanowire radius is controlled by the pore radius of the host alumina, which depends on anodizing conditions such as the selected electrolyte, anodizing time, temperature and voltage. The nanowire aspect ratios depend on the amount of Pt deposited into the nanopores of AAO films. The optical absorption properties of the arrays of Pt nanowires with diameters of 24, 55 and 90 nm have been investigated by the UV-VIS spectra, which show that the extinction maximum (λ_max) shifts to shorter wavelength side as the wire aspect ratio increases or its radius decreases. The results are qualitatively consistent with those calculated based on the MG theory.