均匀磁场中转动的导体上电荷的分布

指出了在均匀磁场中运动的轴对称导体上分布的电荷所产生的附加磁场是很弱的，在忽略附加磁场时导体内的电荷是均匀分布的，并求出导体球上电荷分布。     

洛仑兹力公式中的V究竟是什么

运动电荷在磁场中所受的洛仑兹力 F=qV×B其中速度V的具体含义是什么?一般书上只是说,V是电荷q在磁场中的运动速度.而在实际中,存在三种理解:①电荷相对于磁场的速度[1].②载流导体中电荷相对于导体的速度.③电荷相对于观察者的速度. 如果磁场、载流导体和观察者相对静止,这些理解是等效的.但是,在一般情形下,①②两种理解是错误的,只有第③种理解才是正确的.下面我们分别说明.一、V不是电荷相对于磁场的速度 设空间某一区域有一均匀磁场B,一段导体以速度V向右运动.显然,无论是在相对于磁场静止的参考系K中,还是在相对于导体静止伪参考…     

圆柱形导体在均匀磁场中运动时的电荷分布

以圆柱形导体为例,介绍导体在均匀磁场中匀速运动时电荷分布的求解方法。计算结果表明:在均匀磁场中作垂直切割磁力线匀速运动的圆柱形导体,其电荷既分布在两底面,也分布在侧面,而且侧面电荷较多。对于细长的圆柱形导线,其侧面的电荷面密度几乎与导线中点的距离成正比。     

在均匀磁场中旋转的导体厚球壳上电荷的分布--证明在磁场中转动的导体表面电荷分布无普遍公式

用简单方法求出了在均匀磁场中旋转的导体厚球壳上电荷的分布,证明了在磁场中转动的导体表面电荷分布无普遍公式。     

轴对称导体在均匀磁场中转动时的电荷分布及其电磁场的求解方法

指出了某些文献中的问题,根据电荷守恒定律,证明了由转动磁场所导致的电场E=±v×B的散度,并非与真实的电荷体密度有本质上的关联,而只是一种相对论效应.并根据电磁场变换原理,给出了轴对称导体在均匀稳恒磁场中转动时表面电荷密度及其电磁场的求解方法,得出了在均匀稳恒磁场中转动的导体球表面电荷密度及其电磁场.     

对"均匀磁场中转动的导体上电荷的分布"一文的商榷

<大学物理>1999年第1期中的一篇文章"均匀磁场中转动的导体上电荷的分布"给出了在均匀磁场中转动的轴对称导体产生的磁场的精确解和略去附加磁场后导体球上的电荷分布. 求解电荷分布的方法是巧妙的,在求解磁场分布之前曾用反证法证明了导体内电场的等势面是与导体共轴的柱面这样一个命题,并依此命题为基础求出了导体内磁场的精确解,因此该命题是否成立关系到所求的磁场精确解是否正确的问题.证明时原文使用了"设为a (见图1),则在x轴的球内一段上会有一些点的电势相等"这样一个关键判断,本文认为此判断令读者费解.     

任意形状带电导体表面的场强

 一、导体表面的实际场强静电平衡状态下任意形状带电导体的电荷一定分布在导体表面,实际的电荷层厚度不可能为零。带电导体表面的场强,是对电荷层外表面而言的。用高斯定理求解导体表面的场强时,要么承认电荷层有厚度,考察点可以贴着导体表面,也可以在导体外并无限接近表面;要么把电荷层当作厚度为零的面电荷,则考察点必须在导体外并无限接近导体表面。这两种思维方式都是为了过考察点做平行于表面的高斯面时,把考察点附近区域的电荷置于高斯面内,二者对求解导体表面的实际场强是等价的。当考察点处电荷面密度为σ,可得该处表面场强大小E=σε0,方向垂直于该处的表面(σ电性为正时向外,为负时向内)。     

Bi-2223复合导体的传输和磁化损耗分析

设计了一种基于Bi-2223带材的高温超导复合导体,利用有限元方法,分析了该复合导体在励磁过程和交变磁场下的交流损耗。分析结果表明,损耗随传输电流和外磁场增加而增大。为进一步分析导体稳定性提供了理论依据。     

均匀磁场中旋转的轴对称导体上的电荷分布析

分析了均匀磁场中旋转的轴对称导体上的电荷分布，指出这里不存在普遍的面电荷密度公式。     

稳恒电流磁效应对导体内电荷体密度的影响

在普通物理电磁学讲课中,讨论到稳恒电流通过均匀导体时得到这样的结论:净电荷只能出现在导体表面,体内净电荷处处为零。但是这个结论是在电学部分中给出的,换言之并没有考虑到电流本身磁效应的影响。因此在尔后引入电流的磁场时,有些学生自然地会提出这样的疑问:如果考虑电流本身的磁效应,那么上述结论是否还正确呢?下面就此作些解释。 首先考虑均匀导体无电流时,自由电子电荷体密度p0应为这样的常量,它使净电荷体密度处处为零。当通以稳恒电流时,体电流会在体内产生磁场,使运动电荷受到径向力。若以自由电子为载流子,它们便会向中央移动,…     

Heat capacity and magnetoresistance of a lightly doped two-dimensional antiferromagnet in the noncollinear phase

The energy spectrum of mobile charge carriers in a two-dimensional Antiferromagnet placed in external magnetic field is analyzed. It is shown that allowing for the magnetic sublattice skew the effective mass of mobile charge carriers in a lightly doped Antiferromagnet. This affects substantially the transport and thermodynamic properties of the system. A insulator-semimetal transition is induced with external magnetic field.     

Topology of toroidal helical fields in non-circular cross-sectional tokamaks

The ordinary differential magnetic field line equations are solved numerically; the tokamak magnetic structure is studied on Hefei Tokamak-7 Upgrade （HT-TU） when the equilibrium field with a monotonic q-profile is perturbed by a helical magnetic field. We find that a single mode （m, n） helical perturbation can cause the formation of islands on rational surfaces with q=m/n and q=（m±1,±2,±3,...）/n due to the toroidicity and plasma shape （i.e. elongation and triangularity）, while there are many undestroyed magnetic surfaces called Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser （KAM） barriers on irrational surfaces. The islands on the same rational surface do not have the same size. When the ratio between the perturbing magnetic field Br（r） and the toroidal magnetic field amplitude Bφ0 is large enough, the magnetic island chains on different rational surfaces will overlap and chaotic orbits appear in the overlapping area, and the magnetic field becomes stochastic. It is remarkable that the stochastic layer appears first in the plasma edge region.     

Magnetic field in a finite toroidal domain

The magnetic field structure in a domain surrounded by a closed toroidal magnetic surface is analyzed. It is shown that ergodization of magnetic field lines is possible even in a regular field configuration (with nonvanishing toroidal component). A unified approach is used to describe magnetic fields with nested toroidal (possibly asymmetric) flux surfaces, magnetic islands, and ergodic field lines.     

有关运动超导体电磁性质的几点讨论

在伦敦方程和电磁场的洛伦兹变换的基础上讨论了在磁场中运动的第一类超导平板的电磁性质。结果表明临界磁场将随超导体的速度的增加而减小 ;在穿透层内有一指数衰减的屏蔽电荷分布 ,其符号与超导体表面由运动感生的电荷相反、数量相等。屏蔽电荷屏蔽了表面电荷产生的感应电场 ,使电场和磁场一样在穿透层内指数衰减 ,在远离表面的内部 ,感应电场被完全屏蔽     

Equivalent representation of orthogonal-field electrodynamics by system of covariant lines of force

It is shown that the electrodynamics of orthogonal magnetic and electric fields can be represented as the dynamics of covariant lines of force. Such a representation is provided for the Lienard-Wichert field of an arbitrary moving charge and the field of a charge that moves uniformly about a circle. The four vector of the electric lines of force is written as the sum of the four vector of the charge and the radius four vector directed along the light cone to the observation point. This vector is a solution of an equation that formally coincides with the equation of motion of the magnetic moment in external fields for a zero intrinsic magnetic moment. The electromagnetic field is reconstructed according to a system of lines that correspond to the total equation of motion of the magnetic moment. Such a field for a uniformly circulating charge is examined.Erevan Physics Institute. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 35, Nos. 3, 4, pp. 313–323, March–April, 1992.     

Effect of external magnetic field on critical current for the onset of virtual cathode oscillations in relativistic electron beams

In this Letter we research the space charge limiting current value at which the oscillating virtual cathode is formed in the relativistic electron beam as a function of the external magnetic field guiding the beam electrons. It is shown that the space charge limiting (critical) current decreases with growth of the external magnetic field, and that there is an optimal induction value of the magnetic field at which the critical current for the onset of virtual cathode oscillations in the electron beam is minimum. For the strong external magnetic field the space charge limiting current corresponds to the analytical relation derived under the assumption that the motion of the electron beam is one-dimensional [D.J. Sullivan, J.E. Walsh, E. Coutsias, in: V.L. Granatstein, I. Alexeff (Eds.), Virtual Cathode Oscillator (Vircator) Theory, in: High Power Microwave Sources, vol. 13, Artech House Microwave Library, 1987, Chapter 13]. Such behavior is explained by the characteristic features of the dynamics of electron space charge in the longitudinal and radial directions in the drift space at the different external magnetic fields.     

Mn掺杂ZnS(110)表面的电子结构和磁性

采用基于密度泛函理论的第-性原理方法,研究Mn掺杂ZnS(110)表面的电子结构和磁性.计算分析不同掺杂组态的几何参数、形成能、磁矩、电子态密度以及电荷密度.结果表明:单个Mn原子掺杂,替位于表面第二层的Zn原子时体系形成能最低,说明该层是最稳定的掺杂位置.对于两个Mn原子的掺杂,当Mn与Mn之间呈反铁磁耦合时体系最稳定.体系的总磁矩和自由Mn原子的磁矩差别很小,但是Mn原子的局域磁矩却依赖于Mn原子的3d态和近邻S原子的3p态的杂化作用,即受周围S原子环境的变化影响较大.此外,分析电荷密度图得出Mn原子替换Zn原子后与S原子形成了更强的共价键.     

Photodetachment microscopy of H~- in the magnetic field near different dielectric surfaces

We study the photo-detachment interference patterns of a hydrogen negative ion in the magnetic field near different dielectric surfaces with a semi-classical open orbit theory.We give a clear physical picture describing the photo-detachment of H-in this case.The electron flux distributions are calculated at various dielectric surfaces with unchanged magnetic field strength.It is found that the electron flux distributions of H-are very different in a magnetic field near different dielectric surfaces,namely the dielectric surface has a great influence on the photo-detachment interference pattern of the negative ion.Therefore,the interference pattern in the detached-electron flux distribution can be controlled by changing the dielectric constant.We hope that our studies may guide the future experimental research in photo-detachment microscopy.