Unification of Bessel Functions of Different Orders

We investigate the internal space of Bessel functions which is associated to thegroup Z of positive and negative integers defining their orders. As a result wepropose and prove a new unifying formula (to be added to the huge literatureon Bessel functions) generating Bessel functions of real orders out of integerorder ones. The unifying formula is expected to be of great use in appliedmathematics. Some applications of the formula are given for illustration     

Collision strengths for the N = 2 excitation of hydrogenic ions

An empirical formula is given for the estimation of the collision strengths for electron impact excitation of the 2s and 2p states of hydrogenic systems based on close coupling calculations. The coefficients in this formula are given as functions of the nuclear charge, Z, thereby making a possible estimation of the collision strength for any system between H and Fe²⁵⁺.     

Non perturbative calculation of the imaginary part of vacuum polarization

We derive a formula for the unitarity relation of the vacuum polarization which includes arbitrary number of soft photons in the vertex functions intermediate states. This quasi-elastic approximation has a spectral form, the soft photon contribution appearing as a broadened delta function. An interpolating formula for the vertices is given which incorporates the asymptotic behavior found by many authors.     

Analytical formula for a circular flattened Gaussian beam propagating through a misaligned paraxial ABCD optical system

Based on the generalized diffraction integral formula for treating the propagation of a laser beam through a misaligned paraxial ABCD optical system in the cylindrical coordinate system, analytical formula for a circular flattened Gaussian beam propagating through such optical system is derived. Furthermore, an approximate analytical formula is derived for a circular flattened Gaussian beam propagating through an apertured misaligned ABCD optical system by expanding the hard aperture function as a finite sum of complex Gaussian functions. Numerical examples are given.     

A tree formula for use in cluster expansions with general multibody interactions

In applications of statistical mechanics and quantum field theory one requires a formula for the activitiesA(P) that are determined by partition functions of a polymer system of the formZ(X)=expE(X). A simple general formula is given which generalizes the tree formula of Glimm, Jaffe, Spencer, Brydges and Federbush.     

高斯-谢尔模型光束通过杨氏双缝衍射后的解析传输公式

 通过将杨氏双缝窗口函数表示为复高斯函数叠加的方法,从Collins公式出发推导出了高斯-谢尔模型(GSM)光束通过杨氏双缝和ABCD光学系统后光强的近似解析表达式。利用该公式作了数值计算,通过与Collins公式计算结果进行比较,确定了该公式的适用范围,研究了相干长度和双缝中心遮拦比对解析公式适用范围的影响,并对该公式的应用前景作了展望。     

Microscopic form factors for transfers between heavy ions

Static cluster wave functions are constructed by translations of shell-model wave functions. Waves in the continuum are expanded on this cluster basis. A DWBA transition amplitude is derived, where the form factor is given by a microscopic formula.     

Soft photons in potential scattering

An improved soft-photon theorem for non-relativistic bremsstrahlung is given: the elastic-scattering amplitude enters the final formula through functions of the scattering angle at the initial and final energies; the power-series expansion in scattering angle is avoided.     

Symmetry restoration in Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov based theories

We present a Pfaffian formula for projection and symmetry restoration for wave functions of the general Bogoliubov form, including quasiparticle excited states and linear combinations of them. This solves a long-standing problem in calculating states of good symmetry, arising from the sign ambiguity of the commonly used determinant formula. A simple example is given of projecting a good particle number and angular momentum from a Bogoliubov wave function in the Fock space of a single j-shell.     

A note on Black–Scholes implied volatility

An approximate formula for the Black–Scholes implied volatility is given by means of an asymptotic representation of the Black–Scholes formula. This representation is based on a variable change that reduces the number of meaningful variables from five to three. It is stated clearly which is the family of functions we are going to work, specially the inverse of the normal accumulative function. Estimates for the error in the resulting approximate formulas for both the option value and the volatility are obtained as well.     

CDn体系DEPT谱线的理论研究

本文根据算符函数的幂级数展开,给出了描述高自旋弱耦合体系的积算符理论,并用来描述I_n S((1)/2)体系(其中I=1/2,1,…)的DEPT实验.给出I(1)_n S((1)/2)体系(例如CD_n)DEPT谱线的增益系数的普遍公式,并提出了用作图法得出谱线结构的方法.     

Refinement of a formula for decay after weak coherent excitation of a sphere

A new formula has been given recently by A.A. Svidzinsky and M.O. Scully to describe the temporal evolution of the excitation function in a large sphere satisfying the Markov condition after excitation by a single photon. This formula is based on a physically reasonable Ansatz from which differential equations are inferred for the undetermined radial functions in the Ansatz. The solution to these differential equations leads to the formula for β. Numerical calculations from this formula yield a value ∼10% for the maximum probability of occupancy of secondary excited states.In this paper, we refine the formula of Svidzinsky and Scully by allowing the radial functions in the Ansatz to depend on the angular index l of the spherical Bessel functions. By using the Debye formula for the asymptotic behavior of j_l(u) for large l as well as u, we obtain differential equations in each angular sector, similar to theirs but with a dependence on l. The solution to these equations yields our improved formula, from which we calculate 17.1% for the maximum probability of secondary excited states.     

Propagation of a Laguerre–Gaussian beam through a slightly misaligned paraxial optical system

Based on the generalized diffraction integral formula for treating the propagation of a laser beam through a slightly misaligned optical system in a cylindrical coordinate system, an analytical formula for a Laguerre–Gaussian beam passing through such an optical system is derived. Furthermore, an approximate analytical formula is derived for a Laguerre–Gaussian beam passing through an apertured slightly misaligned optical system by expanding the hard aperture function as a finite sum of complex Gaussian functions. Some analytical formulas are also given for a flattened Gaussian beam by expanding its field as a superposition of a finite series of Laguerre–Gaussian beams. PACS 42.25.Bs; 41.85.Ew; 41.85.Ct     

Analytical propagation expression of elliptical Gaussian beams through nonsymmetric systems with an elliptical aperture

A tensor form for describing approximately the elliptical aperture function is defined that can be expanded into a finite sum of complex Gaussian functions. An analytical propagation formula of elliptical Gaussian beams through nonsymmetric and paraxial optical systems with an elliptical aperture is obtained by using tensor method. A simple numerical example is given to illustrate for its applications.     

Symmetries of (2+1)-Dimensional KQV-Ito Equation in the Bilinear Form

A set of symmetries of a generalized (2+1)-dimensional bilinear equation is given by a formal series formula. There exist four truncated symmetries for the KdV-lto model. These truncated symmetries with four arbitrary functions of time t constitute an infinite-dimensional Lie algebra which contains two types of the Virasoro subalgebra.     

Expansion of an arbitrary function in products of spherical functions

A formula for expanding an arbitrary function defined in the interval (0,1) into a series in products of spherical Legendre functions of the first and second kinds is presented. Examples of expansions of this type are given. Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 67, 123–126 (June 1997)     

The Vertex-Face Correspondence and the Elliptic 6<Emphasis Type="Italic">j</Emphasis>-Symbols

A new formula connecting the elliptic 6j-symbols and the fusion of the vertex-face intertwining vectors is given. This is based on the identification of the k fusion intertwining vectors with the change of base matrix elements from Sklyanin’s standard base to Rosengren’s natural base in the space of even theta functions of order 2k. The new formula allows us to derive various properties of the elliptic 6j-symbols, such as the addition formula, the biorthogonality property, the fusion formula and the Yang-Baxter relation. We also discuss a connection with the Sklyanin algebra based on the factorised formula for the L-operator.Mathematics Subject Classification (2000). 33D15, 81R50, 82B23     

Extension of the Arrowsmith–Essam Formula to the Domany–Kinzel Model

Arrowsmith and Essam gave an expansion formula for point-to-point connectedness functions of the mixed site-bond percolation model on oriented lattices, in which each term is characterized by a graph. We extend this formula to general k-point correlation functions, which are point-to-set (with k points) connectivities in the context of percolation, of the two-neighbor discrete-time Markov process (stochastic cellular automata with two parameters) in one dimension called the Domany–Kinzel model, which includes the mixed site-bond oriented percolation model on a square lattice as a special case. Our proof of the formula is elementary and based on induction with respect to time-step, which is different from the original graph-theoretical one given by Arrowsmith and Essam. We introduce a system of m interacting random walkers called m friendly walkers (m FW) with two parameters. Following the argument of Cardy and Colaiori, it is shown that our formula is useful to derive a theorem that the correlation functions of the Domany–Kinzel model are obtained as an m0 limit of the generating functions of the m FW.     

同心椭圆度光纤的耦合系数计算

应用耦合模原理，用Ｍａｔｈｉｅｕ函数表示纤芯，包层为同心椭圆度的光纤中的电磁场，在适当近似条件下，求得了基模场中的偶模耦合系数表示式，并给出截止条件下的离心率－耦合系数，半长轴－耦合系数曲线。     

Convolution of Lorentz Invariant Ultradistributions and Field Theory

A general definition of convolution between two arbitrary four-dimensional Lorentz invariant (fdLi) tempered ultradistributions is given, in both Minkowski and Euclidean space (spherically symmetric tempered Ultradistributions). The product of two arbitrary fdLi distributions of exponential type is defined via the convolution of its corresponding Fourier transforms. Several examples of convolution of two fdLi tempered ultadisrtibutions are given. In particular, we calculate exactly the convolution of two Feynman's massless prapagators. An expression for the Fourier transform of a Lorentz invariant tempered ultradistribution in terms of modified Bessel distributions is obtained in this work (generalization of Bochner's formula to Minkowski space). From the deduction of the convoltion formula, we obtain the generalization to the Minkowski space, of the dimensional regularization of the perturbation theory of Green functions in the Euclidean configuration space given in Erdelyi (Higher Transcendental Functions, 1953). As an example we evaluate the convolution of two n-dimensional complex-mass Wheeler propagators.