Modeling the depletion of dissolved oxygen due to algal bloom in a lake by taking Holling type-III interaction

In this paper a non-linear mathematical model for depletion of dissolved oxygen due to algal bloom in a lake is proposed and analyzed. The model is formulated by considering four variables namely, cumulative concentration of nutrients, density of algal population, density of detritus and concentration of dissolved oxygen. In the modeling process it is assumed that nutrients are continuously coming with a constant rate to the lake through water runoff from agricultural fields and domestic drainage. The Holling type-III interaction between nutrients and algal population is considered. Equilibrium values have been obtained and their stability analysis has also been performed. Numerical simulations are carried out to explain the mathematical results.     

The dynamics of a one-dimensional fox-rabies model

The fox-rabies model consists of two non-linear partial differential equations. In this model the fox population is divided into two species: susceptible (S) and infective (I). Finite-difference methods are used to compute the numerical solution of the initial/boundary-value problem.     

Diffusive logistic equation with non-linear boundary conditions

We analyze the solutions of a population model with diffusion and logistic growth. In particular, we focus our study on a population living in a patch, Ω⊆Rn with n?1, that satisfies a certain non-linear boundary condition and on its survival when constant yield harvesting is introduced. We establish our existence results by the method of sub-super solutions.     

Connecting a population dynamic model with a multi-period location-allocation problem for post-disaster relief operations

In this study, we propose a mathematical model and heuristics for solving a multi-period location-allocation problem in post-disaster operations, which takes into account the impact of distribution over the population. Logistics restrictions such as human and financial resources are considered. In addition, a brief review on resilience system models is provided, as well as their connection with quantitative models for post-disaster relief operations. In particular, we highlight how one can improve resilience by means of OR/MS strategies. Then, a simpler resilience schema is proposed, which better reflects an active system for providing humanitarian aid in post-disaster operations, similar to the model focused in this work. The proposed model is non-linear and solved by a decomposition approach: the master level problem is addressed by a non-linear solver, while the slave subproblem is treated as a black-box coupling heuristics and a Variable Neighborhood Descent local search. Computational experiments have been done using several scenarios, and real data from Belo Horizonte city in Brazil.     

Mathematical study of a bacteria–fish model with level of infection structure

In this paper, we propose a mathematical model to study a bacteria–fish system, based upon the interactions between Clostridium botulinum and tilapia, Oerochromis mossambicus. The fish population is divided into susceptible and infected, and the infected fish population is considered structured by the level of infection. The model is thus a system with the infected fish equation being an evolution equation, while those corresponding to the susceptible fish and bacteria in water are ordinary differential equations. The model is firstly transformed into a system with distributed delay for susceptible fish and bacteria and, further, under some assumptions, into a system with discrete delay. The study of this system gives us some results concerning the existence, uniqueness, positivity and boundedness of solutions; we also discuss the existence and stability of its equilibrium points, including conditions for the appearance of Hopf bifurcation. The theoretical results are illustrated by some numerical simulations.     

关于非等距序列建模过程的讨论

目的:怎样建立非等距序列的最佳数学模型.方法:讨论用灰色系统GM(1.1)模型和非线性回归方法建立非等距序列的数学模型的过程,找出产生问题的原因,寻求解决问题的方法.结果:接近于指数规律变化的非等距序列,用非线性回归方法建立的数学模型比用灰色系统GM(1.1)模型方法建立的数学模型的精度高;对于其他的非等距序列,用灰色系统GM(1.1)模型方法建立的数学模型比用非线性回归方法建立的数学模型的精度高.结论:在建立非等距序列的数学模型时,采用灰色系统GM(1.1)模型方法与非线性回归方法结合的策略,可以得到较佳的数学模型.     

Population model with diffusion and supplementary forest resource in a two-patch habitat

A mathematical model is proposed to study the role of supplementary self-renewable resource on species population in a two-patch habitat. It is assumed that the density of forest resource biomass is governed by the logistic equation in both the regions but with the different intrinsic growth rate but the same carrying capacity in the entire habitat. It is further assumed that the densities of species population is also governed by the generalized logistic equations in both the regions but with different growth rates and carrying capacities. It is shown that the steady state solutions are positive, monotonic and continuous under both reservoir and no-flux boundary conditions. The linear and non-linear asymptotic stability conditions of non-uniform steady state are compared with the case of the model with and without diffusion in a homogeneous habitat.     

On the Hughes' model for pedestrian flow: The one-dimensional case

In this paper we investigate the mathematical theory of Hughes' model for the flow of pedestrians (cf. Hughes (2002) [17]), consisting of a non-linear conservation law for the density of pedestrians coupled with an eikonal equation for a potential modelling the common sense of the task. For such an approximated system we prove existence and uniqueness of entropy solutions (in one space dimension) in the sense of Kru?kov (1970) [22], in which the boundary conditions are posed following the approach of Bardos et al. (1979) [7]. We use BV estimates on the density ρ and stability estimates on the potential ? in order to prove uniqueness. Furthermore, we analyze the evolution of characteristics for the original Hughes' model in one space dimension and study the behavior of simple solutions, in order to reproduce interesting phenomena related to the formation of shocks and rarefaction waves. The characteristic calculus is supported by numerical simulations.     

Modeling the effect of time delay on the conservation of forestry biomass

In this paper, we have studied the effect of time delay on conservation of forestry biomass by proposing a non-linear mathematical model. In the modeling process, it is assumed that the density of forestry biomass depletes due to the presence of human population and it is being conserved by applying some technological efforts. The analysis of model shows that the density of forestry biomass may be conserved if the technological effort is applied within the appropriate time. A longer delay in applying technological effort for its conservation destabilizes the system. The direction of Hopf bifurcation and the stability of the bifurcating periodic solutions are determined by applying the normal form theory and the center manifold theorem. Numerical simulations are given to illustrate the mathematical results.     

Dispersion models for annular climbing film flow

The mathematical theory of dispersion in annular climbing film flow is developed. Starting with dispersion in a uniform film, the theory is extended to incorporate successively the effects of a viscous sublayer, disturbance waves and interchange of material with entrained droplet. These effects are considered independently but their combined influence on the overall dispersion characteristics of the system is shown to be capable of analysis in terms of an interchange dispersion model (IDM). A solution method for this interchange model is given which may be used to obtain values for the dispersion parameter, P_f, and an ion fractionation coefficient, _f, by non-linear regression on experimental concentration distributions. Values for the dispersion parameter so obtained can be used to give an induction of the viscous layer thickness as well as other film characteristics.     

Short-term recurrent chaos and role of Toxin Producing Phytoplankton (TPP) on chaotic dynamics in aquatic systems

We propose a new mathematical model for aquatic populations. This model incorporates mutual interference in all the three populations and an extra mortality term in zooplankton population and also taking into account the toxin liberation process of TPP population. The proposed model generalizes several other known models in the literature. The principal interest in this paper is in a numerical study of the model’s behaviour. It is observed that both types of food chains display same type of chaotic behaviour, short-term recurrent chaos, with different generating mechanisms. Toxin producing phytoplankton (TPP) reduces the grazing pressure of zooplankton. To observe the role of TPP, we consider Holling types I, II and III functional forms for this process. Our study suggests that toxic substances released by TPP population may act as bio-control by changing the state of chaos to order and extinction.     

Modeling cadmium accumulation in radish,carrot, spinach and cabbage

Heavy metals like cadmium and arsenic have serious health consequences and ecosystem impacts. Due to various factors including the disposal of municipal and industrial wastes, application of fertilizers, atmospheric deposition and discharge of wastewater on land, has resulted in increase in the concentration of heavy metals in the soil. Crops and vegetables grown on such soil accumulate heavy metals, which leads to phyto-toxicity. For understanding and managing precious natural resources, mathematical models are increasingly being used. This paper describes a dynamic macroscopic numerical model for heavy metal transport and its uptake by vegetables in the root zone. The model is applied for simulating cadmium uptake by radish (Raphanus sativus), carrot (Daucos carota), spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea) by using measured field data. The governing non-linear partial differential equations are solved numerically by an implicit finite difference method using Picard’s iterative technique and the source code is written in MATLAB.     

Challenges of living in the harsh environments: A mathematical modeling study

We propose and analyze a mathematical model, which mimics community dynamics of plants and animals in harsh environments. The mathematical model exploits type IV functional responses whose idiosyncrasies have been recognized only in recent years. The interaction of the middle predator with the top predator is cast into Leslie-Gower scheme. Linear and non-linear stability analyses are performed to get an idea of the stability behavior of the model food chain. It turns out that carrying capacity of the prey and the immunity parameter of the middle predator are two crucial parameters governing the model. Availability of alternative food options to the generalist predator also plays a key role in deciding the model dynamics.Simulation runs performed on this model provide insight into population dynamics of monkeys of macaque family found in northern Japan. These monkeys are social animals which reproduce sexually. The characteristic feature of the model dynamics is that the generalist predator (macaque monkeys) is able to avoid impending extinction frequently and recovers at a rate which falsify threats from exogenous external forces; extreme weather conditions, etc.     

Steady states in a structured epidemic model with Wentzell boundary condition

We introduce a non-linear structured population model with diffusion in the state space. Individuals are structured with respect to a continuous variable which represents a pathogen load. The class of uninfected individuals constitutes a special compartment that carries mass; hence the model is equipped with generalized Wentzell (or dynamic) boundary conditions. Our model is intended to describe the spread of infection of a vertically transmitted disease, for e.g., Wolbachia in a mosquito population. Therefore, the (infinite dimensional) non-linearity arises in the recruitment term. First, we establish global existence of solutions and the principle of linearised stability for our model. Then, in our main result, we formulate simple conditions which guarantee the existence of non-trivial steady states of the model. Our method utilises an operator theoretic framework combined with a fixed-point approach. Finally in the last section, we establish a sufficient condition for the local asymptotic stability of the positive steady state.     

Qualitative analysis of steady states to the Sel'kov model

In this work, we are concerned with a reaction-diffusion system well known as the Sel'kov model, which has been used for the study of morphogenesis, population dynamics and autocatalytic oxidation reactions. We derive some further analytic results for the steady states to this model. In particular, we show that no nonconstant positive steady state exists if 0<p?1 and θ is large, which provides a sharp contrast to the case of p>1 and large θ, where nonconstant positive steady states can occur. Thus, these conclusions indicate that the parameter p plays a crucial role in leading to spatially nonhomogeneous distribution of the two reactants. The a priori estimates are fundamental to our mathematical approaches.     

A reaction–diffusion problem with a reaction front

We state a 1D model with quasi-stationary gas flows approximation for a carbon reactivity test in the production of silicon. The mathematical problem we formulate is a non-linear boundary value problem for a third-order ordinary differential equation with non-linear boundary conditions, which are non-local in time. We prove existence and uniqueness of a classical solution and provide a numerical example. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart–John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

Heat transfer in a liquid film over an unsteady stretching surface with viscous dissipation in presence of external magnetic field

This paper presents a mathematical analysis of MHD flow and heat transfer to a laminar liquid film from a horizontal stretching surface. The flow of a thin fluid film and subsequent heat transfer from the stretching surface is investigated with the aid of similarity transformation. The transformation enables to reduce the unsteady boundary layer equations to a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations. Numerical solution of resulting non-linear differential equations is found by using efficient shooting technique. Boundary layer thickness is explored numerically for some typical values of the unsteadiness parameter S and Prandtl number Pr, Eckert number Ec and Magnetic parameter Mn. Present analysis shows that the combined effect of magnetic field and viscous dissipation is to enhance the thermal boundary layer thickness.     

Existence and uniqueness for a non-coercive lubrication problem

The purpose of this paper is to study a mathematical model of hydrodynamic lubrication when cavitation takes place. The obtained equation is a non-linear degenerate partial differential equation.     

A Mathematical Study for a Rotenberg Model

This paper deals with a mathematical model in cell dynamics population originally proposed by M. Rotenberg (1983, J. Theoret. Biol.103, 181-199). Individual cells are distinguished by their degree of maturity and maturation velocity. Here, all biological rules are considered. We bring new techniques to the discussion of this model. We show that the model is well posed in the sense of the theory of semigroups, we study the positivity and irreducibility of the generated semigroups, and we calculate its essential type. The asymptotic behavior is obtained in uniform topology.     

Deterministic Mathematical Modelling for the Spatial Allocation of Multi-Categorical Resources: with an Application to Real Health Data

This paper presents some mathematical formulations of deterministic non-linear optimization models for planning the spatial distribution of public service facilities and their utilization. The modelling is performed as a function of multi-categorical resource types and the consumer's zone of residence over a large geographical domain. The mathematical solution to the deterministic model, its parameter estimation by log-linear regression, and some preliminary results of simulation for a Massachusetts hospital database are presented.