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1.
This review summarizes scientific research activity on biosensors, especially screen-printed, electrode-based biosensors. The basic configurations of biosensors based on screen-printing technology are discussed and different procedures for immobilization of the biorecognition component are reviewed. Theoretical aspects are exemplified by practical environmental and food-analysis applications of screen-printed, electrode-based biosensors.  相似文献   

2.
郑星  马明  崔力  武俐  常天俊 《化学通报》2022,85(7):770-780
切割RNA的脱氧核酶(RNA cleaving DNAzyme, RCD)可在特定因子辅助下对RNA底物进行剪切,产生可被放大的检测信号,是一种既有信号识别元件又有信号输出单元的理想生物传感器。RCD可化学合成,易于修饰且稳定性高,已被用于构建检测有害物质的生物传感器,在环境监测领域中显示出应用前景;然而,相对于核酸适配体来说,人们对RCD的关注较少。本文针对重金属离子、有害细菌、传染性病毒核酸等环境领域关注的对象,综述了可用于检测这些目标的RCD的研究进展,并讨论其所面临的挑战,以期引起人们对RCD的研究兴趣,开发更多性能优异的RCD用于环境分析。  相似文献   

3.
Abstract  Optical biosensors based on surface plasmon resonance are increasingly used to detect and (semi)quantify residues and contaminants in food. This review provides an overview of the methods published in this field since the year 2003. Such biosensors have mostly been applied to veterinary drug residues, like aminoglycosides, beta-agonists, cephalexin, chloramphenicol, fluoroquinolones, levamisole, nicarbazin, nitroimidazoles, penicillins, ractopamine, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and tylosin in milk, egg, honey, prawn, muscle, liver and kidney. Only a few methods have been published on pesticide residues, mycotoxins, phycotoxins, polychlorinated biphenyls and surfactants. These procedures are described with regard to biological recognition element, type of sensor chip, immobilisation procedure, sample extraction and clean-up, crossreactivity, nonspecific binding, matrix interference, chip regeneration, assay formats, calibration, validation and instrumentation. Graphical Abstract     相似文献   

4.
5.
Biosensors as useful tools for environmental analysis and monitoring   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Recent advances in the development and application of biosensors for environmental analysis and monitoring are reviewed in this article. Several examples of biosensors developed for relevant environmental pollutants and parameters are briefly overviewed. Special attention is paid to the application of biosensors to real environmental samples, taking into consideration aspects such as sample pretreatment, matrix effects and validation of biosensor measurements. Current trends in biosensor development are also considered and commented on in this work. In this context, nanotechnology, miniaturisation, multi-sensor array development and, especially, biotechnology arise as fast-growing areas that will have a marked influence on the development of new biosensing strategies in the near future.  相似文献   

6.
Immunoassay for low molecular weight food contaminants, such as pesticides, veterinary drugs, and mycotoxins is now a well-established technique which meets the demand for a rapid, reliable, and cost-effective analytical method. However, due to limited understanding of the molecular structure of antibody binding sites and antigenic epitopes, as well as the intermolecular binding forces that come into play, the traditional ‘trial and error’ method used to develop antibodies still remains the method of choice. Therefore, development of enhanced immunochemical techniques for specific- and generic-assays, requires new approaches for antibody design that will improve affinity and specificity of the antibody in a more rapid and economic manner. Computer-assisted molecular modeling (CAMM) has been demonstrated to be a useful tool to help the immunochemist develop immunoassays. CAMM methods can be used to help direct improvements to important antibody features, and can provide insights into the effects of molecular structure on biological activity that are difficult or impossible to obtain in any other way. In this review, we briefly summarize applications of CAMM in immunoassay development, including assisting in hapten design, explaining cross-reactivity, modeling antibody-antigen interactions, and providing insights into the effects of the mouse body temperature on the three-dimensional conformation of a hapten during antibody production. The fundamentals and theory, programs and software, limitations, and prospects of CAMM in immunoassay development were also discussed.  相似文献   

7.
A novel carbon/zirconia‐based material, SupelTM QuE Verde, was evaluated in a filter‐vial dispersive solid‐phase extraction cleanup of pork, salmon, kale, and avocado extracts for the residual analysis of 65 pesticides and 52 environmental contaminants (flame retardants, polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) using low‐pressure gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. An amount of 180 mg sorbent per 0.6 mL extract in filter‐vial dispersive solid‐phase extraction cleanup was found the optimum in terms of achieving satisfactory removal of co‐extractives and recoveries of analytes, especially for structurally planar compounds. For analytes partially retained by Verde, normalization to an internal standard resulted in 62–107% recoveries. Addition of Verde to primary secondary amine and C18 in cleanup resulted in 38% more removal of gas‐chromatography‐amenable co‐extractives in avocado, 30% in kale, 39% in salmon, and 50% in pork. The removal efficiency of co‐extracted chlorophyll was 93% for kale and 64% for avocado based on ultraviolet‐visible absorbance. The developed method was validated at three spiking levels (10, 25, and 100 ng/g), and 70–120% recoveries with ≤20% relative standard deviation were achieved for 96 (83%) out of 117 analytes in pork, 79 (69%) in salmon, 71 (62%) in kale, and 75 (65%) in avocado.  相似文献   

8.
生物传感器在环境监测中的应用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
对1994~2009年间生物传感器在环境监测中的应用进展作了评述,涉及的主题有生物传感器在水样、大气和土壤分析中的应用(引用文献42篇)。  相似文献   

9.
Concerns over the occurrence and transport of emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) from local sources to remote regions have resulted in wide developments in sampling strategy and analytical methodology for the determination of trace concentrations of EOCs in the atmosphere. This article discusses developments in the determination of EOCs in ambient air which includes polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs), brominated-flame retardants (BFRs), synthesis musk fragrances, and alkylphenols (APs). References were mainly summarized from the past 5 years (2002 up to present) on new developments of sampling methods, extraction, separation/fractionation and/or applications of new technologies for sampling and determination.  相似文献   

10.
Recent advances in miniaturization of analytical systems and newly emerging technologies offer platforms with greater automation and multiplexing capabilities than traditional biological binding assays. Multiplexed bioanalytical techniques provide control agencies and food industries with new possibilities for improved, more efficient monitoring of food and environmental contaminants. This review deals with recent developments in planar-array and suspension-array technologies, and their applications in detecting pathogens, food allergens and adulterants, toxins, antibiotics and environmental contaminants.  相似文献   

11.
随着科学技术的飞速发展,质谱检测及其联用技术方法正以前所未有的速度、广度和深度全面渗透到环境分析化学中,其在环境监测中的使用已经或正在日常化.近年来,一些高分辨质谱及其与色谱等的联用技术在目标污染物和非目标污染物的同时甄别鉴定和分析中发挥了重要作用,其对于阐明污染物在环境的归趋具有重要意义.本文对质谱技术及其与气相色谱和液相色谱的联用技术在污染物尤其是新型污染物分析中的进展进行了总结,并对高分辨质谱技术的环境应用研究给于关注,对环境质谱技术的发展方向进行了展望.  相似文献   

12.
Lipid membrane based electrochemical biosensors have been exploited for the last 40 years. However, a major obstacle that limited their applications and commercialization was their fragility. Recent advances in stabilization of lipid membranes have tremendously increased the number of publications in the last 5 years. The objective of the present article is to present procedures for the stabilization of lipid film biosensors and recent advances in their analytical uses. These novel devices are used as chemo‐ and biosensors for the quantification of environmental contaminants and food toxicants. Recent research is directed to the construction of a portable mini electrochemical device that will be commercialized and readily be used by non‐skilled personnel for in the field measurements.  相似文献   

13.
Flame retardants, surfactants, pharmaceutical and personal care products, among other compounds, have been the object of numerous environmental studies. In this chapter, the application of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) in the development of analytical methods for several groups of organic compounds with growing concern as emerging pollutants has been considered. Compared to other extraction techniques, optimization of MAE experimental conditions is rather easy owing to the low number of influential parameters (i.e. matrix moisture, nature of the solvent, time, power, and temperature in closed vessels). The great reduction in the extraction time and solvent consumption, as well as the possibility of performing multiple extractions, increasing the sample throughput, can also be highlighted among MAE advantages. In summary, the study of several applications of MAE to environmental problems demonstrates that this technique constitutes a good alternative for the determination of organic compounds in environmental samples. It can be used as a rapid screening tool, and also to obtain detailed information on the sources, behaviour and fate of emerging pollutants in environmental matrices.  相似文献   

14.
Electrochemical detection of nonelectroactive contaminants can be successfully faced via the use of indirect detection strategies. These strategies can provide sensitive and selective responses often coupled with portable and user-friendly analytical tools. Indirect detection strategies are usually based on the change in the signal of an electroactive probe, induced by the presence of the target molecule at a modified electrode. This critical review aims at addressing the developments in indirect electrosensing strategies for nonelectroactive contaminants in food and environmental analysis in the last few years. Emphasis is given to the strategy design, the electrode modifiers used and the feasibility of technological transfer.  相似文献   

15.
This paper reviews the latest developments and analytical applications of chemiluminescence detection coupled to capillary electrophoresis (CE-CL). Different sections considering the most common CL systems have been included, such as the tris(2,2?-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) system, the luminol and acridinium derivative reactions, the peroxyoxalate CL or direct oxidations. Improvements in instrumental designs, new strategies for improving both resolution and sensitivity, and applications in different fields such as clinical, pharmaceutical, environmental and food analysis have been included. This review covers the literature from 2010 to 2015.  相似文献   

16.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a well-known endocrine-disrupting industrial compound that is found throughout many aspects of our daily life; from the water we drink and the food we eat to the babies’ bottles and children’s plastic toys. Chronic exposure to BPA may result in some severe medical issues which account for the great importance of its monitoring and removal from everyday products. The use of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for that purpose has acquired a lot of traction in recent decades. MIPs are artificial antibodies with selective recognition cavities for specifically targeted substances. They are created using a variety of synthetic methods and employed in numerous types of sensors to be used in a wide range of applications. In this review, we focus on the different production methods of MIPs and the varied types of electrochemical and optical sensors that employed MIPs to detect and analyze BPA. Finally, the broad variety of applications of MIPs in environmental, foodstuff, and biological samples are thoroughly examined. Future expected trends and prospective developments are also assessed.  相似文献   

17.
Biosensors for environmental monitoring A global perspective   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
The intention of this article is to reflect the advances and describe the trends on biosensors for environmental applications. Biosensors are useful analytical tools for environmental monitoring, capable of providing results in real time, simple to use, portable and cost-effective. Some examples of biosensors in advanced stage of development, which have been applied to real samples, as well as of commercial devices, are given. Biosensors designed for measurement of either specific chemicals or their biological effects, such as toxicity biosensors and endocrine effect biosensors, are discussed. This overview also addresses the support provided by public institutions for biosensor research in the USA, Japan and, especially, in Europe. Future prospects of biosensor technology, with special emphasis in the development of new sensing elements, are foreseen.  相似文献   

18.
The combination of open tubular column gas chromatography with electrolytic conductivity detection has been evaluated for the determination of nitrogen-containing pesticide residues in food extracts. Optimization of the column position at the column-detector interface was crucial to the successful operation of the detector. The signal-to-noise ratio and response stability of the detector are greatly influenced by the composition of the electrolyte solvent. Large volume splitless injections using retention gaps and optimized detector operating conditions enabled pesticide residues in food extracts to be determined at sub parts-per-million levels. Although the electrolytic conductivity detector is less sensitive than the thermionic ionization detector, its greater nitrogen selectivity can he crucial to the determination of nitrogen-containing contaminants in food extracts, particularly in complex mixtures where phosphorus-containing contaminants or matrix compounds are also present.  相似文献   

19.
Increases in food production and the ever-present threat of food contamination from microbiological and chemical sources have led the food industry and regulators to pursue rapid, inexpensive methods of analysis to safeguard the health and safety of the consumer. Although sophisticated techniques such as chromatography and spectrometry provide more accurate and conclusive results, screening tests allow a much higher throughput of samples at a lower cost and with less operator training, so larger numbers of samples can be analysed. Biosensors combine a biological recognition element (enzyme, antibody, receptor) with a transducer to produce a measurable signal proportional to the extent of interaction between the recognition element and the analyte. The different uses of the biosensing instrumentation available today are extremely varied, with food analysis as an emerging and growing application. The advantages offered by biosensors over other screening methods such as radioimmunoassay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, fluorescence immunoassay and luminescence immunoassay, with respect to food analysis, include automation, improved reproducibility, speed of analysis and real-time analysis. This article will provide a brief footing in history before reviewing the latest developments in biosensor applications for analysis of food contaminants (January 2007 to December 2010), focusing on the detection of pathogens, toxins, pesticides and veterinary drug residues by biosensors, with emphasis on articles showing data in food matrices. The main areas of development common to these groups of contaminants include multiplexing, the ability to simultaneously analyse a sample for more than one contaminant and portability. Biosensors currently have an important role in food safety; further advances in the technology, reagents and sample handling will surely reinforce this position.  相似文献   

20.
In the past years, multidimensional liquid chromatography became very widespread for the complete separation of non‐volatile analytes in complex matrices. The main advantage of these techniques, especially when coupled with mass spectrometry, is the enhancement of separation power or peak capacity, due to an increase in selectivity and sensitivity of the two systems. With respect to conventional one‐dimensional liquid chromatography, multidimensional liquid chromatography allows us to resolve potential co‐elutions and also minimize the matrix effect thus providing a more accurate quantitative analysis. This review provides an overview on the presence of contaminants in food, the main sources of contamination, and finally, the techniques used to reveal their presence. All different modes, investigated so far on this topic for heart‐cutting and comprehensive techniques were described. Advantages and disadvantages of each method are reported in addition to the main food applications.  相似文献   

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