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关于交通流中扰动传播和发展的数值模拟 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:3
针对不同拥挤程度交通流中扰动的传播和发展,进行了系统的数值模拟研究.讨论了PW模型、一维管流模型、单侧传播模型等几种典型交通流模型的不同特征;指出了不同差分格式对数值结果的影响;也分析了数学模型中不同形式的平衡函数的作用. 结果发现在适当的数学模型、平衡函数和离散格式下,能够对交通流中扰动的传播和发展,特别是扰动波的传播速度,取得与实际测量数据相当接近的模拟效果. 建议了分别适用于不同密度交通流的计算格式. 相似文献
2.
电磁热弹性介质的一些基本理论电磁热动力理论 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
具有电磁热弹性耦合性质的介质是许多传感器及机敏结构或系统中的关键材料,本文则是力争对这种耦合材料的基本理论进行系统的研究。第一部分基于被推广的经典热动力学理论推导和归纳了电磁热弹性体的几个守恒方程、动力学方程、本构方程和热平衡方程。第二部分则是系统地讨论了在数值计算中具有极重要意义的电磁热弹性变分原理。 相似文献
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随着城市交通设施的完善,多车道在城市高速路交通中变得比较普遍. 三车道的出现使车辆变道易于实现,这就增加了交通问题的复杂性. 采用宏观交通流理论,建立了一种允许车辆变道的单向三车道连续交通流模型,以及与之相容的差分离散格式. 数值模拟了初始密度、扰动强度、初始扰动范围等因素对扰动传播和发展演化的影响. 结果显示:扰动波的传播方向和传播速度主要由初始未扰动车流密度大小决定;初始扰动范围的大小对扰动波幅值变化的影响比较大;某一条车道发生的扰动是否会影响其他车道,则受初始车流密度和扰动强度大小两个条件影响;在中等密度多车道交通流中,扰动波的发展过程呈现出复杂的非线性特征,数值格式的选择比单车道更加困难. 相似文献
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具有电磁热弹性耦合性质的介质是许多传感器及机敏结构或系统中的关键材料,本文则是力争对这种耦合材料的基本理论进行系统的研究。第一部分基于被推广的经典热动力学理论推导和归纳了电磁热弹性体的几个守恒方程、动力学方程、本构方程和热平衡方程。第二部分则是系统地讨论了在数值计算中具有极重要意义的电磁热弹性变分原理。 相似文献
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离散元法研究的评述 总被引:51,自引:2,他引:51
介绍了离散元法的基本理论、计算方法及其应用的现状和最新进展.从离散元法的离散模型特点及便于甄别与其它数值计算方法的关系的角度给予离散元法一个比较宽松的定义.在此基础上阐明了离散元方法与刚体-弹簧模型(rigid body spring model, RBSM)方法,不连续变形分析(discontinuous deformation analysis, DDA)方法,分子动力学(moleculardynamics, MD)方法,三维离散元(discrete meso-element dynamicmethod, DM$^2$)方法及无网格方法(meshless method)等数值计算方法的关系, 并讨论了离散元法研究中亟待解决的问题和今后的发展方向. 相似文献
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电磁热弹性介质的一些基本理论 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
具有电磁热弹性耦合性质的介质是许多传感器及机敏结构或系统中的关键材料,本文第一部分动态变分原理已就具有这种性质的机敏材料动力学理论作了较为系统的分析。在此第二部分则系统地讨论了在数值计算中极具重要性的各类变分原理,包括准静态变分原理、动态变分原理和关于固有频率的变分原理。 相似文献
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本文探讨理论力学中变质量系统动力学与连续介质Reynolds输运定理的联系。Reynolds输运定理是连续介质(例如流体)质量/动量/能量输运规律的共同基础,因而具有基本的理论重要性。本文通过详细对比分析说明:在理论力学中,基于一般质点系模型的变质量系统动力学与连续介质力学的输运规律,本质上具有相同的理论框架和分析工具。如果在任意质点系模型的基础上引入质点空间连续分布的假设,则可以将变质量离散体系的力学结论拓展至连续介质的基本输运规律(包括质量/动量/能量)。 相似文献
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为研究交通流相变过程问题,对一维交通流进行元胞自动机模拟,进行截面车流率数据提取,并将数据经过离散的傅里叶变换进行能量谱分析.研究结果发现:在阻塞相,系统周期即为因采用周期边界条件而形成的交通激波周期;在高密度区所对应的同步交通流状态中,系统中仍然存在着周期性波动,该周期明显异于交通激波周期,因而其形成原因不能简单归结为周期边界条件的影响;在低密度区对应的自由流状态下,没有此类波动存在. 相似文献
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迅速发展的非线性连续介质力学研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
迅速发展的非线性连续介质力学研究白以龙中国科学院力学研究所,北京100080关键词非线性连续介质力学;牛顿力学;混沌;复杂性20世纪中、后期以来,自然科学观正在经历一个重大的转变,即从确定论,还原论的看法又向前跃进了一步,如周光召在1995年全国科学... 相似文献
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J.R. Tippetts 《International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow》1984,5(1):3-12
Examples of Eulerian flow machines (EFM) are turbomachines, jet pumps and vortex amplifiers working with incompressible non-cavitating flow. They are ‘Eulerian’ in the sense used by Paynter2 in his work on turbomachines subject primarily to dynamic flow forces. Efficient methods are specified in this paper for finding the operating point of an EFM from its characteristics and any two state-defining variables. A trivial example is to find the torque and pressure of a pump when the speed and flow are given. This is simple because the usual constant-speed characterisation favours the solution, but if other pairs of variables are given, the problem is less simple. For jet pumps or the many ‘power fluidic’ devices the variety of problems is much greater because of combinatorial aspects, although the fluid mechanics is analogous to that of the turbomachine. Solution procedures are specified first for turbomachines; there are six ‘algorithms’. For general ‘3-terminal’ EFM (jet-pumps etc) it is shown that there are 108 characterisation formats and that the 30 listed algorithms enable any of them to be solved given any possible variable-pair. Graphical and computational implementations are described 相似文献
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H.W. Engl C. Stangl 《ZAMM - Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics / Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik》1998,78(7):467-481
This paper is motivated by an industrial project concerning structural optimization problems for nonlinearly elastic materials arising from car industry. The investigated class of material laws covers a type of nonlinear materials, especially gray cast iron that is used in car engines. For such materials we prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions of the equilibrium equations. Based on this work, algorithms for solving sizing optimization problems for nonlinearly elastic materials will be presented in a subsequent paper. Although the results presented here are connected to structural optimization problems, they are also of interest on their own in the existence theory of nonlinear continuum mechanics. 相似文献
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旋量理论是为力学量身定制的数学工具,因其力学描述统一性,数学描述一般性和计算“求解过程”程式化,在对“多刚体”动力学问题“建模、分析和求解”时具有独特的优势:一方面借助螺旋量将刚体的平移和转动描述进行统一;另一方面从数学上进行严谨论述的同时引出对应的物理概念,使得数学性质和物理意义能得到相互映照。本文简要阐述了旋量理论目前在国内外力学教学中的研究现状;介绍了旋量的数学定义及其满足的数学运算性质;梳理了理论力学中的四种基本螺旋量,并给出了矢量静力学和动力学“基本定理”的旋量描述。希望通过本文的研究能为我国理论力学教学提供启示。
相似文献14.
The pile-soil system is regarded as a visco-elastic half-space embedded pile. Based on the method of continuum mechanics, a nonlinear mathematical model of pile-soil interaction was established-a coupling nonlinear boundary value problem. Under the case of horizontal vibration, the nonlinearly dynamical characteristics of pile applying the axis force were studied in horizontal direction in frequency domain. The effects of parameters, especially the axis force on the stiffness were studied in detail. The numerical results suggest that it is possible that the pile applying an axis force will lose its stability. So,the effect of the axis force on the pile is considered. 相似文献
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By combining a continuum mechanical approach with considerations of network theory and thermodynamics of irreversible processes, a set of differentialtype constitutive equations for polymeric liquids are obtained which provide expressions for the stress tensor, evolution equations of the effective Finger strain and Cauchy strain for the network deformation, and a first order differential equation governing the rigidity modulus. Unlike Giesekus' recent unified approach that starts from the bead-spring model, the theory lends itself more readily to a better understanding of most of the current theories based on continuum mechanics and molecular network concepts. Different recent models such as those due to Leonov, Dashner—Van Arsdale, Phan Thien—Tanner, and Acierno et al. (or Marrucci) can be unambiguously interpreted as resulting from specific approximations or additional assumptions. 相似文献
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交通流车辆跟驰理论中, 由于生理因素, 造成司机在处理前方车辆变化信息和采取应对措施之间存在时间滞后. 即使是在自动巡航控制系统中, 设备在感知信息、计算所需操作并最终作动车辆这一过程中时滞也不可避免. 因此交通流跟驰理论的数学模型本质上应包含时滞. 时滞的存在对各种交通模式的出现及其相互演化产生怎样的影响? 这是值得我们关注的问题. 本文首先综述了各类时间和空间连续的时滞车辆跟驰模型.其次探究这类模型中存在的分岔现象的研究进展, 并指出目前研究中存在的不足. 最后提出作者的一些看法,运用时滞动力系统理论来深入挖掘富含参数的交通流时滞跟驰模型中隐藏的各种的非线性动力学现象, 这样既可以更好解释真实交通中的各种堵塞模式的形成及其演化机制, 又可以结合交通流参数平面内动力学行为从同步观点给出交通堵塞一种分类. 为交通管理部门的交通控制策略制定提供一定的参考依据, 减缓由于司机反应时滞等因素造成的交通堵塞的发生. 相似文献
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Petr Pelech 《ZAMM - Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics / Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik》2019,99(6)
Motivated by earlier works by S.A. Silling and R.B. Lehoucq, we re‐examine the notion of stress and force flux in peridynamics ‐ a useful connection to measurable quantities and classical view of continuum mechanics. Based on the idea of traction we define two new peridynamic stress tensors and which stand, respectively, for analogues of the Cauchy and 1st Piola‐Kirchhoff stress tensors from classical elasticity. We show that the tensor differs from the earlier defined peridynamic stress tensor ; though their divergence is equal. We address the question of symmetry of the tensor which proves to be symmetric in case of bond‐based peridynamics; as opposed to the inverse Piola transform of (corresponding to the analogue of Cauchy stress tensor) which fails to be symmetric in general. We also derive a general formula of the force‐flux in peridynamics and compute the limit of for vanishing non‐locality, denoted by . For the sake of brevity we stick to bond‐based peridynamic in our calculations. We show that this tensor surprisingly coincides with the collapsed tensor , the limit of the original tensor . At the end, using this flux‐formula, we suggest an explanation why the collapsed tensor (and hence ) can be indeed identified with the 1st Piola‐Kirchhoff stress tensor. Throughout the whole paper we suppose that the deformation is sufficiently regular. 相似文献
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Peter J. Chen 《Journal of Elasticity》1996,45(2):117-134
In this paper, I begin with the general formulation of mixture theory by Bowen and present the derivation of a minimal set of field equations, constitutive relations, and material parameters suitable for the solutions of meaningful diffusion problems. The specific results are for a single solid and two fluids, and they may be extended to any number of fluids. I allude to the results of three problems, viz. (1) the injection of a fluid into a geological formation saturated with another fluid, (2) the drainage of two dissimilar fluids from a geological formation due to in-situ fluid pore pressures, and (3) the process of squeezing a sponge dry, in order to illustrate the general applicability of the derived theory. 相似文献
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肺微循环内血液流动的连续介质整体模型 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文提出一种一维连续介质整体模型和相应的方程组,将之应用于肺循环內的血液流动问题,得到了封闭形式的分析解。分析表明,本文所得的结果与冯元桢采用片流理论所得的结果完全一致。 相似文献
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Naseer Ahmed 《应用数学和力学(英文版)》1994,15(8):755-765
INTEGRALINVARIANTSOFAHOLONOMICDYNAMICALSTSTEMNaseerAhmed(MathematicsDepartment.Quaid-i-AzamUniversity,Islamabad,Pakistan)(Rec... 相似文献