亚晶格能量团簇构建及晶场调控对四方LiYF4:RE上转换发光机制的影响研究

四方LiYF₄是一种与六方NaYF₄相当的稀土上转换发光基质材料,由于相对优异的短波上转换发光特性,近年受到业界的相当关注,但对产生这一优异特性的原因还未见报道.经研究发现,四方LiYF₄具有六边环状亚晶格结构,每5个间距小于0.4 nm的近邻三价阳离子形成一个团簇,稀土离子间的能量传递容易在团簇内或六边形环内环绕传递.基于它的这一亚晶格结构特征,本工作通过引入不同量敏化剂Yb³⁺和掺杂离子Sc³⁺和Hf⁴⁺,考察不同激活离子Er³⁺、Ho³⁺和Tm³⁺与敏化离子Yb³⁺构建亚晶格能量团簇以及异质离子Sc³⁺和Hf⁴⁺掺杂晶场调控对稀土离子上转换发光性能的影响机制.发现不同稀土离子与Yb³⁺存在不同的能级匹配,导致不同概率的无辐射交叉弛豫行为,当引入适量的Yb³⁺时,可分别构建1Er-2Yb、1Ho-2Yb和1Tm-4Yb亚晶格能量团簇,实现最佳的上转换发光性能;当6 mol% Sc³⁺和4 mol% Hf⁴⁺引入时,可有效调控晶场的不对称性;掺杂后,5个近邻三价离子的团簇结构中,只有3个近邻Yb³⁺离子,无法同时实现Er³⁺离子的⁴F_5/2和Sc³⁺的²G_7/2或Hf⁴⁺的⁴F_5/2^o激发态的双光子合作上转换电子布居,导致Sc³⁺或Hf⁴⁺成为荧光猝灭中心,Sc³⁺掺杂晶场调控最大仅提升50%的荧光强度,Hf⁴⁺掺杂没有提升反而降低Er³⁺离子的上转换发光强度,不同于它们掺杂六方NaYF₄：Er/Yb那样扮演储能离子角色,显著提升Er³⁺离子的短波上转换发光强度.本研究揭示了在六边环状亚晶格基质结构中不同稀土离子与敏化剂Yb³⁺的敏化上转换发光机制,以及基质结构特征对掺杂晶场调控行为的影响机制,可为设计和制备高性能上转换发光材料提供借鉴.     

NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+单颗粒微米棒偏振上转换发光及其取向示踪※

稀土掺杂微/纳材料的偏振上转换发光在单颗粒示踪和生物医学等领域具有广泛的应用前景. 稀土离子的偏振上转换发光主要取决于其局域态的电子结构和激发态动力学. 利用单颗粒偏振上转换光学测试平台对β-NaYF₄:Yb³⁺/ Er³⁺微米棒的偏振上转换发光进行了系统研究. 随发射偏振角的变化, 单个微米棒的上转换发光强度发生周期性改变, 且来自Er³⁺同一光谱支项的不同晶体场子能级跃迁的偏振方向不同. 与光谱支项整体的上转换发光相比, 其晶体场子能级上转换发光表现出更大的发射偏振度. 利用Er³⁺高度偏振的晶体场跃迁谱线, 实现了对单个微米棒空间取向的动态分析, 揭示了NaYF₄:Yb³⁺/Er³⁺微米棒作为偏振各向异性的上转换荧光探针在单颗粒取向示踪方面的潜在应用.     

氟离子浓度对稀土掺杂上转换发光纳米材料形貌及荧光寿命的影响

利用溶剂热法制备了Yb³⁺、Er³⁺共掺的NaYF₄上转换发光纳米材料。实验结果表明,不同F^-离子对纳米晶的晶型和粒径尺寸起着重要的作用。低F^-离子浓度下,NaYF₄纳米材料的粒径尺寸随F^-离子浓度的增加逐渐变小且趋于均一;高F^-离子浓度下,六方晶相的形成受到抑制,上转换纳米晶出现团聚现象。在一定浓度范围内,F^-离子的浓度有利于促进荧光发射。同时F^-离子浓度对荧光寿命也有显著的影响。     

锌-稀土矩形纳米簇的构筑及近红外发光性能

本文设计了一个新型含苯-甲基-苯骨架的席夫碱配体,构筑了两个具有矩形结构的锌-稀土纳米簇[Ln₂Zn₂L₂(OAc)₆] (Ln = Yb (1)和Er (2))。该席夫碱配体以“伸展型”配位模式与稀土离子进行配位,使这些锌-稀土纳米簇表现出较大的分子尺寸结构(0.7 nm × 1.1 nm × 2.2 nm)。荧光性质研究表明,由Zn/L组成的发色基团能有效敏化1和2中Yb³⁺和Er³⁺离子的近红外发光。通过对荧光量子产率及寿命进行分析发现,Zn/L对Yb³⁺离子的传能效率要高于Er³⁺离子。     

Er3+/Tm3+共掺镱基纳米晶上转换白光调控及应用

稀土掺杂上转换白光材料在固态照明、液晶显示器和信息防伪等领域具有重要应用前景。然而,以前的工作主要集中在惰性基质材料体系,难以大幅提升敏化剂掺杂浓度,大大限制了上转换白光发射强度。为解决这一问题,提出一种基于LiYbF₄@LiYF₄的核壳纳米结构设计,以敏化剂LiYbF₄基质为晶核并掺杂适当浓度的激活剂Er³⁺和Tm³⁺,成功实现980nm激发的上转换白光发射。进一步设计了LiYbF₄∶Er/Tm@LiYbF₄@LiYF₄∶Nd核壳壳结构,利用Nd³⁺吸收808nm激发光,实现了980和808nm双通道激发的上转换白光发射。将白光上转换纳米晶结合940nm近红外芯片封装成发光二极管(LED)器件,施加300mA电流激发出明亮的白光,展示了其在白光LED方面的应用潜力。     

稀土Yb3+/Tm3+掺杂NaGd(MO4)2荧光粉的制备及其光致发光

近年来稀土掺杂的上转换发光材料在太阳能电池、工业照明和医学等领域的应用越来越受到重视,目前的研究主要集中于新型高效稀土上转换发光材料的开发。对于发光材料的制备,基质的选择尤为重要,钼酸盐因具有稳定的物理化学性能、低的声子能量而从众多基质中脱颖而出。本文选择钼酸盐为稀土离子掺杂的基质材料,采用水热法制备了Tm、Yb离子掺杂的NaGd(MoO₄)₂样品。通过改变离子掺杂的浓度,探究了NaGd(MoO₄)₂荧光粉的发光特性。研究表明,在980 nm激光照射下,NaGd(MO₄)₂∶Yb³⁺/Tm³⁺在477 nm处发射蓝色荧光,在648 nm处发射红色荧光。固定Yb³⁺的掺杂摩尔分数为6%,改变Tm³⁺的掺杂摩尔分数分别为0、0.5%、1%和2%时,发现随着Tm³⁺掺杂摩尔分数的增加,477 nm处的发射峰的强度先升高后降低,当Tm³⁺     

Bi3+掺杂对YVO4:Yb3+近红外发光的敏化作用

用主温固相法合成了Yb³⁺、Bi³⁺共掺的YVO₄,研究了Bi³⁺的掺入对YVO₄:Yb³⁺发光光谱的影响和近红外发光的敏化作用.X射线衍射图谱研究表明:掺入Yb³⁺、Bi³⁺之后,基质YVO₄的晶格结构没有发生明显变化.Bi³⁺的掺入不仅显著增强了样品中Yb³⁺的特征远红外发光强度,还使YVO₄:Yb³⁺激发光谱的范围红移,当Bi³⁺掺入的摩尔分数从0增加到0.05时,样品的最强激发峰位置从335nm红移至352 nm,激发光谱范围由300-360 nm扩宽至300-430 nm.优化的Bi³⁺掺入量为0.03.初步讨论了VO₄^3-,Bi³⁺Yb³⁺间的能量传递机理.结果表明Bi^3-的共掺使YVO₄:Yb³⁺样品对长波紫外光的响应性能大大改善,作为一种基于量子剪裁的光谱转换材料,可以更好地匹配太阳光的能量谱,有助于提高硅太阳能电池的光电转换效率.     

In3+共掺杂诱导NaY0.95-xYb0.03Er0.02F4相转变与上转换发光增强研究

引入In³⁺作为新的掺杂离子通过水热法合成了In³⁺与Er³⁺,Yb³⁺共掺杂的NaYF₄上转换发光材料. 通过XRD表征及Rietveld精修,SEM以及TEM研究了In掺杂引起的NaYF₄形貌与晶体结构的变化. 通过发射光谱与发光衰减曲线表征了掺杂NaYF₄的上转换发光性能,以研究晶体微观结构与上转换发光性能之间的关系. 结果表明随着In掺杂量的增加,立方相NaYF₄的晶格畸变不断增强且发生由立方相向六方相的转变. 对于六方相NaYF₄,其上转换发光强度随着In含量的提高不断增强并当In含量为3%时达到最大值. 该研究结果可以有助于设计与合成具有优良上转换发光性能的材料.     

基于上转换发光共振能量转移的CRISPR/Cas12a生物传感系统用于HPV16 DNA双信号检测

传统的纯核结构的上转换纳米材料用于生物传感时, 存在表面猝灭效应或者因发光共振能量转移(LRET)效率不高导致灵敏度低等缺点, 对目标物的灵敏检测有一定的局限性. 本文通过多步高温共沉淀, 介导壳层外延成长法, 合成了NaYF₄∶Yb³⁺,Er³⁺(C-UCNPs)核层发光和NaYF₄@NaYF₄∶Yb³⁺,Er³⁺@NaYF₄(CSS-UCNPs)内壳层发光能量限域型上转换纳米材料, 并表征了材料的晶型、 形貌、 表面配体、 元素组成和发光共振能量转移效率. 结果表明, 该材料具有表面猝灭效应低、 发光共振转移效率较高的优势, 随后将其与成簇规律间隔的短回文重复序列及其相关蛋白(CRISPR/Cas)12a-纳米金系统结合, 实现了人乳头瘤病毒DNA(HPV16 DNA)的比色定性和上转换发光定量分析, 检出限为69.8 pmol/L, 双信号检测有效提高了检测结果的准确性. 此外, 本方法不仅特异性强, 还能识别单碱基错配的HPV16 DNA, 提高了DNA片段的容错率.     

NaYF4:Nd3+,Yb3+纳米粒子用于生物体系温度测量

采用溶剂热法制备了Nd³⁺敏化Yb³⁺的近红外纳米探针NaYF₄:Nd³⁺,Yb³⁺,观察到材料在980与865 nm两处发光峰的强度比值随温度的升高而降低。通过对探针中Nd³⁺/Yb³⁺比例的调节,综合考虑材料的发光强度与温敏效率,确定了NaYF4:2%Nd, 20%Yb为所测条件下适用于测量生物体系温度的较优组成。材料转水相前后温敏效率均随着Yb³⁺离子掺杂增加而提高,环己烷中最高可达1.9%·K^-1,水相中最高为0.46%·K^-1。通过盖肉片模拟及激光加热活体成像实验,研究了温敏材料在生物环境中发光随温度的变化情况,以及组织遮挡前后荧光比值未发生明显变化的结果,初步验证了使用该探针测量生物体系温度的可行性。     

NIR triggered NaYF4:Yb3+,Tm3+@NaYF4/CsPb(Br1-x/Ix)3 composite for up-converted white-light emission and dual-model anti-counterfeiting applications

Assembling nanomaterials from two classes with exceptional control at the nanoscale can lead to new nanohybrids with novel properties. Here, we report the tunable up-conversion luminescence properties of CsPb(Br_1-x/I_x)₃ perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs) sensitized by NaYF₄:Yb,Tm@NaYF₄ up-conversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) at 980 nm excitation. The up-conversion luminescence of NaYF₄:Yb³⁺,Tm³⁺@NaYF₄/CsPb(Br_1-x/I_x)₃ composite demonstrates that the radiative photon reabsorption process is accountable for the UC energy transfer from excited levels of Tm³⁺-based UCNPs to PeNCs. The long-lived Tm³⁺ states feed PeNCs carriers with intrinsic lifetimes extending from nanoseconds to microseconds. By varying the UCNPs/PeNCs concentration ratio, the NaYF₄:Yb³⁺,Tm³⁺@NaYF₄/CsPb(Br_0.55I_0.45)₃ composite generates UC white light emission. The near-infrared excited white light-emitting devices are more compatible with human tissues than blue light-excited ones. Therefore, the prototype of UC white light-emitting diode is developed by coupling the UCNPs/PeNCs composite coated glass plate onto a commercial 940 nm-light-emitting diode chip. To overcome the counterfeiting risk that arises in the case of a single fluorescence mode, we developed a simple dual-model strategy based on manipulation of UC and down-conversion luminescence in anti-counterfeiting under 980 nm and 365 nm excitation, which makes it difficult to encrypt the information. In addition, the UCNPs/PeNCs composite exhibited better photostability under near-infrared illumination, retaining 85% of initial photoluminescence intensity, solving the problem of photo-instability.     

Luminescent Ink Based on Upconversion of NaYF4:Er,Yb@MA Nanoparticles: Environmental Friendly Synthesis and Structural and Spectroscopic Assessment

NaYF₄:Er,Yb upconversion luminescent nanoparticles (UCNPs) were prepared by hydrothermal methods at 180 °C for 24 h. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and TEM (transmission electron microscopy) images show that the resulting 60 nm UCNPs possess a hexagonal structure. In this work, maleic anhydride (MA) was grafted on the surface of UCNPs to induce hydrophilic properties. The photoluminescence spectra (PL) show upconversion emissions centered around 545 nm and 660 nm under excitation at 980 nm. The luminescent inks, including UCNPs@MA, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), deionized water (DI), and ethylene glycol (EG), exhibit suitable properties for screen printing, such as high stability, emission intensity, and tunable dynamic viscosity. The printed patterns with a height of 5 mm and a width of 1.5 mm were clearly observed under the irradiation of a 980 nm laser. Our strategy provides a new route for the controlled synthesis of hydrophilic UCNPs, and shows that the UCNPs@MAs have great potential in applications of anti-counterfeiting packing.     

具有协同表面配体的水溶性稀土上转换发光纳米材料用于活体淋巴结显像

通过水热法,以油酸和两亲性聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为协同表面配体,一步水热合成水溶性稀土上转换发光纳米材料(NaYF4:20％ Yb 1％ Tm).稀土纳米粒径尺寸平均为16 nm,在水溶液中稳定单分散,具有较强上转换发光.具有较低的细胞毒性,可用于上转换发光细胞成像.并进一步用于活体淋巴结显像,表现出高的信噪比.     

Yb/Er掺杂Y2O3纳米核壳颗粒的荧光性能及体内标定研究

为改善无机Y2O3上转换纳米粒子(UCNPs)的荧光性能,且同步实现其在生物体内的成像标定,通过共沉淀法及梯度合成工艺,制备出各组不同壳层厚度的Y2O3:Yb³⁺,Er³⁺@Y2O3:Yb³⁺ UCNPs。利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)扫描、X射线衍射(XRD)、上转换荧光(UCL)光谱、UCL寿命等对样品的形貌、结构及荧光性能进行了表征。结果表明：利用共沉淀法制得小尺寸Y2O3:Yb³⁺,Er³⁺@Y2O3:Yb³⁺纳米核壳颗粒,平均粒径范围在25.57~26.24 nm之间。通过调整Yb³⁺浓度和水浴时间优化合成工艺,获得高发射强度、长荧光寿命方案(80% Yb掺杂,8 h水浴)。高红绿比的荧光发射特征,决定其在小动物体内荧光标定检测时更宜采用红色信道。     

纳米TiO2基质掺杂稀土离子Er3+和Yb3+的上转换发光特性

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了掺杂稀土离子Er3 及Er3 /Yb3 的TiO2纳米晶体,考察了样品在980 nm激发光源作用下,不同的稀土离子掺杂量、不同的焙烧温度、不同的激发温度等对其上转换发光特性的影响,并对Er3 /Yb3 共掺杂的上转换发光机制进行了探讨.     

Controlled synthesis of uniform and monodisperse upconversion core/mesoporous silica shell nanocomposites for bimodal imaging

Here we report the design and controlled synthesis of monodisperse and precisely size-controllable UCNP@mSiO(2) nanocomposites smaller than 50?nm by directly coating a mesoporous silica shell (mSiO(2)) on upconversion nanocrystals NaYF(4):Tm/Yb/Gd (UCNPs), which can be used as near-infrared fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agents and a platform for drug delivery as well. Some key steps such as transferring hydrophobic UCNPs to the water phase by using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), removal of the excess amount of CTAB, and temperature-controlled ultrasonication treatment should be adopted and carefully monitored to obtain uniform upconversion core/mesoporous silica shell nanocomposites. The excellent performance of the core-shell-structured nanocomposite in near-infrared fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging was also demonstrated.     

Effects of chloride introduction on up-conversion luminescence in Tm3+ -doped tellurite glasses

Blue up-conversion luminescence properties in Tm3+ -doped lead chloride tellurite glasses have been studied under 980 nm excitation. The intense blue and relatively weak red emissions centered at 476 and 649 nm corresponding to the transitions 1G4 --> 3H6 and 1G4 --> 3H4 of Tm3+, respectively, are simultaneously observed at room temperature. The effect of PbCl2 on up-conversion intensity is observed and discussed, and possible up-conversion mechanisms are evaluated. The intense blue up-conversion luminescence of Tm3+ -doped lead chloride tellurite glasses may be a potentially useful material for developing up-conversion optical devices.     

Controlled hydrothermal growth and up-conversion emission of NaLnF(4) (Ln = Y, Dy-Yb)

The controlled hydrothermal preparation of NaYF(4) as both cubic and hexagonal phase types with specific associated morphologies, nanospheres and microtubes, respectively, has been achieved in the absence of organic solvents. The hexagonal NaYF(4) compound can be prepared in novel microtubular form and directly co-doped with Yb(3+)/Er(3+) ions. When excited by infrared light of 980 nm, these hexagonal NaYF(4) microtubes display strong green up-conversion emission, which was much more intense than that of cubic NaYF(4) or hexagonal NaYF(4) nanoparticles. Other related hexagonal-prismatic microtubes of NaLnF(4) (Ln = Dy-Yb) were also synthesized. A growth mechanism for the microtubes is proposed. In general, the diameter of the hexagonal NaLnF(4) microtubes is strongly dependent on the Ln(3+) size and increases as the rare-earth ionic radius decreases.     

Yb3+/Tm3+掺杂的NaY(WO4)2纳米晶的制备及发光特性

以聚乙二醇为配位剂,用水热法制备出纳米级上转换发光粉Yb3+和Tm3+共掺杂的NaY(WO4)2。研究了不同cYb/cTm对上转换发光强度的影响,实验表明当cYb/cTm=5∶1时,上转换发光强度最强。用XRD,SEM确定了Yb3+和Tm3+共掺杂的NaY(WO4)2是四方晶系,其粒径在25~35 nm范围,且分散均匀。用980 nm半导体激光器(LD)对其进行激发,在室温下观察到了365 nm附近紫外发射峰、456 nm,476 nm附近的蓝光发射峰和648 nm附近的红光发射峰,分别对应于Tm3+离子的1D2→3H6,1D2→3F4,1G4→3H6和1G4→3F4的跃迁。根据泵浦功率与发光强度的关系得出紫外发射峰、蓝光和红光发射均为双光子过程。     

沉淀法合成纳米晶上转换发光材料Y_2O_2S:Yb,Er

采用沉淀法在不同温度下合成了纳米上转换发光材料Y2O2S∶Yb,Er,运用XRD、TEM和上转换发光光谱对其进行表征。结果表明,使用该法在700℃即能合成纳米上转换发光材料Y2O2S∶Yb,Er,随着合成温度的升高,产物的粒径从60到120nm逐渐增大。上转换发光光谱显示该材料主要有2个发射带,其中红光发射的中心波长位于668nm,绿光发射的中心波长位于525和550nm。此外,对材料的上转换发光过程进行了探讨。