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1.
A series of Co(II) azamacrocyclic complexes, 12 Brunel, D, Bellocq, N, Sutra, P, Cauvel, A, Lasperas, M, Moreau, P, Di Renzo, F, Galarneau, A and Fajula, F. 1998. Coord. Chem. Rev., 178–180: 1085[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar]aneN4, 14 De Vos, DE, Dams, M, Sels, BF and Jacobs, PA. 2002. Chem. Rev., 102: 3615[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar]aneN4, Bzo2 12 Brunel, D, Bellocq, N, Sutra, P, Cauvel, A, Lasperas, M, Moreau, P, Di Renzo, F, Galarneau, A and Fajula, F. 1998. Coord. Chem. Rev., 178–180: 1085[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar]aneN4 and Bzo2 14 De Vos, DE, Dams, M, Sels, BF and Jacobs, PA. 2002. Chem. Rev., 102: 3615[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar]aneN4, have been encapsulated in the nanocavity of zeolite-Y by a one pot template condensation reaction. Co(II) complexes with azamacrocyclic ligands were entrapped in the nanocavity of zeolite-Y by a two-step process in the liquid phase: (i) adsorption of [bis(diamine)cobalt(II)], [Co(N–N)2]-NaY, in the supercages of the zeolite, and (ii) in situ condensation of the cobalt(II) precursor complex with diethyloxalate. The new host/guest nanocomposite materials (HGNM) have been characterized by FTIR, DRS and UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques, XRD and elemental analysis, as well as nitrogen adsorption. These complexes (neat and HGNM) were used for epoxidation of styrene with O2 as oxidant in different solvents. Electronic spectra of the reaction mixture indicated oxidation proceeds through a free radical mechanism.  相似文献   

2.
Cobalt(II) chloro complexes were studied in aprotic solvents, namely, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide (DMF), and propylene carbonate (PC). The measurements were performed spectrophotometrically in UV–visible–IR region at 25°C and at constant ionic strength: I = 1 mol L?1 in DMSO and DMF, and 0.1 mol L?1 in PC. Different models were tested and the model 1 Elleb, M, Meullemeestre, J, Schwing, MJ and Vierling, F. 1980. Inorg. Chem., 19: 2699[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar], 2 Elleb, M, Meullemeestre, J, Schwing, MJ and Vierling, F. 1982. Inorg. Chem., 21: 1477[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar], 3 Khan, MA, Meullemeestre, J, Schwing, MJ and Vierling, F. 1983. Polyhedron, 2: 459[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar], 4 Amuli, C, Meullemeestre, J, Schwing, MJ and Vierling, F. 1983. Inorg. Chem., 22: 3567[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar], i.e., that of four mononuclear successive complexes was retained. Stability constants of the identified complexes were determined and they increase inversely with the Gutmann's donor number of the solvents. Calculated electronic spectra are reported and the effect of solvents on the spectral properties are discussed. The symmetry of tetrachlorocobaltate is strictly Td.  相似文献   

3.
Abstract

The synthesis and mesomorphic properties of a class of cyclotriphosphazenes containing cyanostilbene groups with different terminal substituents (-H, -CH3, -OCH3, -CN) are described. All the resulting compounds are characterized by 1 Barberá , J. ; Bardají , M. ; Jiménez , J. ; Laguna , A. ; Martínez , M. P. ; Oriol , L. ; Serrano , J. L. ; Zaragozano , I. Columnar mesomorphic organizations in cyclotriphosphazenes . J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005 , 127 , 89949002 .[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar]H, 13 An , B.-K. ; Lee , D.-S. ; Lee , J.-S. ; Park , Y.-S. ; Song , H.-S. ; Park , S.-Y. Stongly fluorescent organogel system comprising fibrillar self-assembly of a trifluoromethyl-based cyanostilbene derivative . J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004 , 126 , 1023210233 .[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar]C, and 31P NMR, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight, and elemental analysis. The thermal behaviors of cyclotriphosphazene derivatives are studied by the means of differential scanning calorimetry and polarizing optical microscopy. Nematic phases are observed in cyclotriphosphazenes with terminal substituents (-CH3, -OCH3, -CN).  相似文献   

4.
A dicopper complex of p-tert-butylcalix8 Atwood, JL, Barbour, LJ, Hardie, MJ and Raston, CL. 2001. Coord. Chem. Rev., 222: 3[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar]arene bearing eight salicylaldehyde acylhydrazone domains was prepared and its single crystal structure determined, in which only four acylhydrazone domains act as monoanionic tridentate planar chelators to coordinate to two copper ions.  相似文献   

5.

Benzoxazoles are of special interest because of having various types of biological properties such as antihistaminic, antihelmintic antifungal and antibacterial activities. 1 Hisano, T., Ichikawa, M., Tsumoto, K. and Tasaki, M. 1982. Chem. Pharm. Bull, 30: 2996 [CSA][Crossref], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar], 2 Prudhomme, M., Guyot, J. and Jeminet, G. 1986. J. Antibiotics, 39: 934 [CSA][Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar], 3 Ersan, S., Nacak, S., Berkem, R. and Özden, T. 1997. Arzneim. Forsch, 47: 963 [CSA][PubMed], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar], 4 Sener, E., Yalc?n, ?., Temeiz, Ö., Ören, ?., Ak?n, A. and Ucartürk, N. 1997. Farmaco, 52: 99 [CSA][PubMed] [Google Scholar], 5 Ören, ?., Temiz, Ö., Yalc?n, ?., Sener, E., Ak?n and Ucartürk, N. 1997. Forsch, 47: 1393 [CSA] [Google Scholar], 6 Temiz, Ö., Ören, ?., Sener, E., Yalc?n, ?. and Ucartürk, N. 1998. Farmaco, 53: 337 [CSA][CROSSREF][Crossref], [PubMed] [Google Scholar], 7 Yalc?n, ?., Ören, ?., Sener, E., Ak?n, A. and Ucartürk, N. 1992. J. Med. Chem, 27: 401 [CSA][CROSSREF][Crossref], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar], 8 Temiz, Ö., Ören, ?. and Altanlar, N. 2002. Farmaco, 57: 175 [CSA][CROSSREF][Crossref], [PubMed] [Google Scholar], 9 Sener, E., Temeiz, Ö., Yalc?n, ?. and Altanlar, N. 2000. Farmaco, 55: 397 [CSA][CROSSREF][Crossref], [PubMed] [Google Scholar], 10 Ören, ?., Temiz, Ö., Yalc?n, ?., Sener, E. and Altanlar, N. 1998. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 7: 153 [CSA][Crossref], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar] Benzamide derivatives, as the possible metabolites of benzoxazoles, show various types of biological activities. 11 Sener, E., Bingöl, K., Ören, ?., Arpac?, Ö., Yalc?n, K. ?. and Altanlar, N. 2000. Farmaco, 55: 469 [CSA][CROSSREF][Crossref], [PubMed] [Google Scholar], 12 Sener, E., Yalc?n, K. ?. and Altanlar, N. 2002. Farmaco, 57: 451 [CSA][CROSSREF][Crossref], [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Some N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)- benzamides, which showed significant activity compared to phenylacetamides and furamides,11 have been synthesized by treating 2-aminophenol with carboxylic acid chlorides under weak basic solution. 11 Sener, E., Bingöl, K., Ören, ?., Arpac?, Ö., Yalc?n, K. ?. and Altanlar, N. 2000. Farmaco, 55: 469 [CSA][CROSSREF][Crossref], [PubMed] [Google Scholar], 12 Sener, E., Yalc?n, K. ?. and Altanlar, N. 2002. Farmaco, 57: 451 [CSA][CROSSREF][Crossref], [PubMed] [Google Scholar] However, synthesis and especially biological activity of N-(3-hydroxy-2-pyridyl)benzamides were not studied well. Owing to the versatility of benzamides we have extended the reaction of 2-amino-3-pyridinol with different carboxylic acid chlorides in order to preparation of some new benzamide derivatives containing a hydroxypyridyl ring.  相似文献   

6.
ω‐Isonitrosoacetophenone 1 Uçan, H. ? and Mirzao?lu, R. 1990. Synth. React. Inorg. Met.‐Org. Chem., 20: 437[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar], phenylglyoxime 2 Burakevich, J. V., Lore, A. M. and Volpp, G. P. 1971. J. Org. Chem., 36: 1[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar], chlorophenylglyoxime 1 Uçan, H. ? and Mirzao?lu, R. 1990. Synth. React. Inorg. Met.‐Org. Chem., 20: 437[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar], dopaminophenylglyoxime 3 Uysal, ?., Co?kun, A., Koç, Z. E., Uçan, M. and Uçan, H. ?. 2007. R. J. Coord. Chem., 33: 351357. [Crossref] [Google Scholar] and [(salen/saloph)Fe]2O 4 Kopel, P., Sindelar, Z. and Klicka, R. 1998. Trans. Met. Chem., 23: 139[Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar] have been synthesized as described in the literature procedure. [Fe(III)(salen/saloph)dopaminophenylglyoxime)] (starting complexes) have been synthesized from dopaminophenylglyoxime and tetradentate schiff bases which contain dinuclear Fe(III) oxygen‐bridges N,N′‐bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine (salenH2) and bis(salicylidene)‐o‐phenylenediamine (salophH2). The new heterotrinuclear complexes have been obtained from starting complexes and Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) salts. Then, heterotrinuclear vic‐dioxime complexes containing BF2 + capped have been synthesized. The complexes have been characterized as low‐spin distorted octahedral Fe(III) bridged by o‐hydroxyphenolic groups. The o‐hydroxyphenolic groups play a role as bridges for weak antiferromagnetic intramolecular exchange. The structure of dioxime and its complexes were identified by using elemental analysis, ICP‐AES, 1H‐NMR and IR spectral data.  相似文献   

7.

α-heterocyclic α-aminophosphonates were obtained in good yields by N-of several nitrogen heterocycles with α-azido-α-aminophosphonate 1. 1 Elachqar, A., El Hallaoui, A., Roumestant, M. L. and Viallefont, Ph. 1994. Synthetic Comm, 24: 1279 [CSA][Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar]  相似文献   

8.
The π–π interaction-based inclusion complexation of calix[6 Danil de Namor, A. F., Cleverly, R. M. and Zapata-Ormachea, M. L. 1998. Chem. Rev., 98: 2495[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar]]arene hexasulfonate as host with neutral aromatic guest molecules was studied in aqueous media. To vary the distribution of electron density on the guest's aromatic rings, the phenol parent compound was substituted in the para- or ortho- positions with CH3 group. To study the interaction between calixarene and the guests, PL, DSC and quantum-chemical methods were used. The results indicate 1:1 stoichiometry of the formed host-guest complexes. Although the enthalpy change during complex formation of calixarene with p- or o-cresol are the same, the Gibbs free energy change is significantly higher in the case of calixarene—o-cresol complexes. This property is due to the unexpected entropy change during the complex formation. Using molecular dynamic calculations, a guest-induced redistribution of the electron density on the calixarene rings, followed by the restructuring of the solvent molecules was identified as a background of this unexpected entropy change at molecular level.  相似文献   

9.
We report the synthesis of polycatenar liquid crystals incorporating 2,5‐disubstituted 1 O’Neill, M. and Kelly, S. M. 2003. Adv. Mater., 15: 1135[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar] 3 Catry, C., van der Auweraer, M., de Schryver, F. C., Bengs, H., Häussling, K., Karthaus, O. and Ringsdorf, H. 1993. Makromol. Chem., 194: 2985[Crossref] [Google Scholar] 4 Adam, D., Schumacher, P., Simmerer, J., Häussling, K., Siemensmeier, K., Etzbach, K. H., Ringsdorf, H. and Haarer, D. 1994. Nature., 371: 141[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar]‐oxadiazole and 1 O’Neill, M. and Kelly, S. M. 2003. Adv. Mater., 15: 1135[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar] 3 Catry, C., van der Auweraer, M., de Schryver, F. C., Bengs, H., Häussling, K., Karthaus, O. and Ringsdorf, H. 1993. Makromol. Chem., 194: 2985[Crossref] [Google Scholar] 4 Adam, D., Schumacher, P., Simmerer, J., Häussling, K., Siemensmeier, K., Etzbach, K. H., Ringsdorf, H. and Haarer, D. 1994. Nature., 371: 141[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar]‐thiadiazole rings joined by a combination of carbon–carbon single and double bonds (–CH = CH–). The ratio of the aromatic core to the aliphatic chains was varied systematically by changing the number of the aliphatic chains, from two to six, and their length, from short to very long, i.e. from methoxy to hexadecyloxy. The shape anisotropy of the core was varied by exchanging the oxygen atom in the 1 O’Neill, M. and Kelly, S. M. 2003. Adv. Mater., 15: 1135[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar] 3 Catry, C., van der Auweraer, M., de Schryver, F. C., Bengs, H., Häussling, K., Karthaus, O. and Ringsdorf, H. 1993. Makromol. Chem., 194: 2985[Crossref] [Google Scholar] 4 Adam, D., Schumacher, P., Simmerer, J., Häussling, K., Siemensmeier, K., Etzbach, K. H., Ringsdorf, H. and Haarer, D. 1994. Nature., 371: 141[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar]‐oxadiazole for a sulfur atom to form the corresponding 1 O’Neill, M. and Kelly, S. M. 2003. Adv. Mater., 15: 1135[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar] 3 Catry, C., van der Auweraer, M., de Schryver, F. C., Bengs, H., Häussling, K., Karthaus, O. and Ringsdorf, H. 1993. Makromol. Chem., 194: 2985[Crossref] [Google Scholar] 4 Adam, D., Schumacher, P., Simmerer, J., Häussling, K., Siemensmeier, K., Etzbach, K. H., Ringsdorf, H. and Haarer, D. 1994. Nature., 371: 141[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar]‐thiadiazole ring with a smaller deviation from coaxiality of the bonds in the 2,5‐positions. The shape anisotropy of the core was increased by the presence of an additional phenylenevinylene unit in a series of tetracatenar oxadiazoles. We report the synthesis, physical properties and polymerization of a polycatenar reactive mesogen in a columnar phase to form a polycatenar polymer network.  相似文献   

10.
Condensation reactions of 1,1,3,3,3 pentamethyldisiloxane-ol (MDH), in toluene catalysed by two[9.5pc] types of phosphonitrilic catalyst bearing a phosphazene ─N═PCl3, were studied using sampling and gas chromatographic analysis method. The condensation kinetics reactions were compared for both phosphazene compounds. The process is selective, leading to linear decamethyltetrasiloxane MD2M, (where D denotes the dimethylsiloxane unit and M denotes the trimethyloxysilane unit) as almost the exclusive primary product. The mechanisms of the MDH condensation are discussed using the 31 Allcock, H. R. and Ngo, D. 1992. Macromolecules, 25: 2802[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar]P NMR sampling technique.  相似文献   

11.
Abstract

A series of novel symmetric S,S′-2,2′-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(azanediyl)) bis(2-oxoethane-2,1-diyl) O,O,O′,O′-tetraethyl diphosphorodithioate derivatives (12) was designed and synthesized based on the cluster effect and the multiple binding sites of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The structures of all the newly synthesized title compounds were characterized by 1 Choi, S. K. Synthetic Multivalent Molecules: Concepts and Biomedical Application, 2021. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2004, chapter 1 [Google Scholar]H and 13 Tang, H., Zhao, L. Z., Zhao, H. T., Huang, S. L., Zhong, S. M., Qin, J. K., Chen, Z. F., Huang, Z. S. and Liang, H. 2011. Euro. J. Med. Chem., 46: 49704979. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar]C NMR as well as elemental analyses. Their inhibitory activities against AChE were tested, and compound 12b exhibited the best activity (6.60-fold higher than ethion). The results suggested that the compound would bind to the catalytic center and the narrow gorge of the AChE simultaneously.

Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Phosphorus, Sulfer, and Silicon and the Related Elements for the following free supplemental files: Additional table.  相似文献   

12.
The facile synthesis of β-thioacrylates has been realized via direct three-component reactions of thiophenols, Wittig reagents, and acetyl chloride. Under transition metal-free conditions, a class of β-thioacrylates have been synthesized with fair to excellent yields via cascade C=C double bond and C(sp2 Kano, T.; Shirozu, F.; Akakura, M.; Maruoka, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 16068-16073.[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar])-S bond formation.  相似文献   

13.
《合成通讯》2013,43(18):2903-2910
ABSTRACT

A reinvestigation of the recently described method of synthesis of highly substituted 1,6-naphthyridines was carried out. It was found out that the reaction of chalcones with malononitrile catalysed by pyrrolidine afforded the mixture of four products both when thermal as well as microwave heating was used. The claimed[1] Murugan, P., Raghukumar, V. and Ramakrishnan, V.T. 1999. Synth. Commun., 29: 38813386. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar] 1,6-naphthyridines formation were exceptions.  相似文献   

14.
Abstract

Addition of an isocyanide to an iminium ion intermediate that forms from the reaction between a heteroarylcarbaldehyde and a secondary amine leads to formation of sterically congested 2-(heteroaryl)acetamide derivatives in the presence of silica gel at room temperature. The structures of the products were deduced from their 1 Tietze , L. F. ; Modi , A. Multicomponent domino reactions for the synthesis of biologically active natural products and drugs . Med. Res. Rev. 2000 , 20 , 304 .[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar]H NMR, 13 Ugi , I. ; Steinbrückner , C. Über ein neues Kondensations-Prinzip . Angew. Chem. 1960 , 72 , 267 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar]C NMR, and infrared spectra and mass spectrometry.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This work was supported by the Iranian National Science Foundation.  相似文献   

15.
Abstract

2,10-Dichloro-12-trichloromethyl-6-substituted xanthato-12H-dibenzo[d,g] [1,3,2] dioxaphosphocin-6-sulfides (2a–l) with the eight-membered phosphorus and oxygen heterocyclic ring were synthesized by reacting equimolar quantities of alcohols, carbon disulfide, and 2,6,10-trichloromethyl-12H-dibenzo[d,g][1,3,2] dioxaphosphocin-6-sulfide 1 Ananda Kumar , K. ; Kuasturaiah , M. ; Suresh Reddy , C. ; Berlin , K.D. J. Heterocyclic Chem . 2003 , 40 , 345351 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar] in the presence of dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP). The structures of the products were confirmed by IR, 1H, 13C, 31P-NMR, and mass spectral analyses.  相似文献   

16.
Abstract

α,α‐Dibromoketones (2) have been found to be a superior alternative to the conventionally used α‐bromoketones (1) for performing the Hantzsch thiazole synthesis.1 Ahluwalia, V. K., Mehta, B. and Rawat, M. 1992. Synth. Commun., 22: 2697[Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar] These crystalline, nonlachrymatory compounds are more reactive than 1 as demonstrated by their reaction with 3,5‐dimethyl‐1‐thiocarboxamide (5).  相似文献   

17.
New liquid crystalline (LC) compounds containing the [2 Weissflog, W., Nádasi, H., Dunemann, U., Pelzl, G., Diele, S., Eremin, A. and Kresse, H. 2001. J. Mater. Chem., 11: 27482758. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar]]benzothiophene chromophore unit have been synthesised and their mesomorphic properties studied. Mesomorphic and fluorescent properties have been modified by various chemical moieties. Among others, terminal fluoroalkyl and/or chiral chains were introduced to stabilise mesophases and support the formation of polar phases. In spite of the bent shape due to the central 1,3-diphenylbenzo[c]thiophene unit, all compounds exhibit phases typical for the rod-like LC: nematic, smectic A and smectic C or their chiral analogues using the chiral (S)-C2H5CH(CH3)(CH2)6CO or (S)-C10H21OCH(CH3)CO chain. The orientational order in the nematic phase was studied by polarised infrared measurements. The fluorescent properties of the studied compounds have been measured and their parameters established.  相似文献   

18.
19.
Abstract

The synthesis and spectral characterizations of [CdLCl2] (1 C. J. Moulton, B.L. Shaw. J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans., 1020 (1976).[Crossref] [Google Scholar]) and [CdL(NO3)2(H2O)] (2 G. van Koten. Pure Appl. Chem., 61, 1681 (1989).[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar]) pincer complexes of the s-triazine core ligand (L), 2,4-bis(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-6-methoxy-1,3,5-triazine), are presented. Complexes 1 and 2 have five- and eight-coordinated Cd(II) ions, respectively, where L acts as a neutral tridentate N-chelate. The coordination sphere is completed by two coordinated Cl anions in 1 and with one water molecule and two bidentate nitrate anions in 2. The neutral complex units of 1 and 2 are packed by the polar Cl…H and O…H hydrogen bonds, respectively. Using Hirshfeld analysis, the percentages of these contacts are 24.5% and ~36.8%, respectively. Both complexes showed some anion-π stacking interactions. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that 1 is thermally more stable than 2. The orbital-orbital interactions included in the Cd-Cl, Cd-O, and Cd-N coordinate bonds were analyzed using DFT calculations. The calculated NMR results correlated very well with the experimental data.  相似文献   

20.
Single crystal of a new one-dimensional copper organic coordination polymer, 1D-CuOCP, [Cu(HL)NO3]n (1) Miyasaka, H., Saitoh, A., Abe, S. (2007) Coord. Chem. Rev., 251(21): 26222664.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar] (H2L = [2-[1-(2-hydroxy-propylimino)-ethyl]-phenol]) and its nanostructure, have been synthesized by slow evaporation of methanol solution of compound (1) Miyasaka, H., Saitoh, A., Abe, S. (2007) Coord. Chem. Rev., 251(21): 26222664.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar] and sonochemical process respectively. Nanostructure of the complex was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), FT-IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the structure of compound 1 was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Thermal stability of compound 1 in its nanosize form has also been studied by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The effect of concentration of initial reagents on size and morphology of nanostructured compound 1 has been examined. The brightness of this study is to use the nanostructure of 1D-CuOCP as precursor to prepare single phase CuO nanoparticles via a solid-state decomposition procedure. Characterization methods confirmed that CuO nanoparticles with an average diameter of 40 nm were obtained from direct calcination of the precursor at 500°C under air.  相似文献   

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