Hybrid Electrodes Used in Polymer Electro-Optic Modulator with Ultra-Broadband

Hybrid electrode combined coplanar waveguide (CPW) and microstrip lines in ultra-broadband electro-optic modulators. The characteristics of the modulators with hybrid electrode is like that of the modulator with the microstrip lines, in which the microstrip electrode is loaded above only one arm of Mach-Zehnder (M-Z) optical waveguide, besides the problem of microstrip line to coaxial transition and corona polarization in polymer modulators have been best solved at the same time. By using finite element method (FEM), the characteristic parameters such as half-wave voltage, modulation bandwidth characteristic impedance, effective microwave refractive index of polymer modulators with microstrip line and hybrid electrode are analysed and compared in this paper. The results present that velocity match, impendence match and lower microwave propagating loss is easily realized in modulators with hybrid electrode.     

高速光学模数转换器的分析

详细分析了由x切LiNbO3干涉式共面波导行波调制器阵列构成的模数(A/D)转换器，包括其研究进展。采用保角变换方法分析了梯形共面波导电极参数(包括电极厚度、缓冲层厚度与中心电极和接地电极的边沿倾角β1，βg)与转换器的带宽、损耗、特征阻抗和驱动功率的关系。β1=βg=10°，电极厚度为3μm时，4位A/D转换器的工作带宽为7.3GHz，所需驱动功率为6.7W。数值仿真结果表明，采用梯形共面波导调制器阵列设计分辨率适中的高速A/D转换器是可行的。     

Broadband and high‐efficiency conversion from guided waves to spoof surface plasmon polaritons

The conversion from spatial propagating waves to surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) has been well studied, and shown to be very efficient by using gradient‐index metasurfaces. However, feeding energies into and extracting signals from functional plasmonic devices or circuits through transmission lines require the efficient conversion between SPPs and guided waves, which has not been reported, to the best of our knowledge. In this paper, a smooth bridge between the conventional coplanar waveguide (CPW) with 50 Ω impedance and plasmonic waveguide (e.g., an ultrathin corrugated metallic strip) has been proposed in the microwave frequency, which converts the guided waves to spoof SPPs with high efficiency in broadband. A matching transition has been proposed and designed, which is constructed by gradient corrugations and flaring ground, to match both the momentum and impedance of CPW and the plasmonic waveguide. Simulated and measured results on the transmission coefficients and near‐filed distributions show excellent transmission efficiency from CPW to a plasmonic waveguide to CPW in a wide frequency band. The high‐efficiency and broadband conversion between SPPs and guided waves opens up a new avenue for advanced conventional plasmonic integrated functional devices and circuits.     

研制超宽带全光取样示波器设备

全光取样示波器是研究与开发超高速光通信系统和光子交换网络的关键性测试仪器设备. 本文简介了我们自行设计和研制出的超宽带全光取样示波器设备的实验样机系统, 并报道了我们已取得的初步实验结果. 采用自主研发的高稳定性被动锁模飞秒光纤激光器作为该光学示波器的光脉冲取样源, 我们通过利用高度非线性光纤中的四波混频效应, 成功地实现了对脉宽为1.8ps、重复频率分别为10GHz和40GHz的光脉冲信号的全光取样. 然后通过数字信号处理和计算机图形处理, 得到了再现后的超短光脉冲信号波形, 并测出了其脉冲宽度值为2.3ps. 借助于该光学取样示波器实验样机, 我们还成功地完成了对脉宽为1.8ps、经过伪随机数据序列调制后的10Gbit/s和40Gbit/s光数据信号眼图的精确测量. 这是我国首次报道有关超宽带全光取样示波器设备的实际研制工作及其相应的实验测试结果. 所得到的有关超短光脉冲信号波形的测试结果也与用70GHz宽带电子示波器和超快光电探测器组成的常规光电测量系统所获得的结果进行了比较, 清楚地表明了我们研制出的全光取样示波器实验样机比后者具有更高的时间分辨率和更大的测量带宽.     

Microwave optoelectronics

The low-loss, wide-bandwidth capability of optoelectronic systems makes them attractive for the transmission and processing of microwave signals. This paper considers the technology required for generating, transmitting and detecting microwave modulated optical signals. It also reviews the developing research area of directly optically controlled microwave devices, and describes some typical microwave optoelectronic systems applications.     

Improvement in performance of traveling wave electroabsorption modulator with asymmetric intra-step-barrier coupled double strained quantum wells the active region, segmented transmission-line and mushroom-type waveguide

In this paper, asymmetric intra-step-barrier coupled double strained quantum wells structure (AICD-SQW), segmented transmission-line and mushroom-type waveguide that improve the performance of traveling wave electroabsorption modulators (TWEAM) are presented. The AICD-SQW structure shows that electroabsorption modulator properties such as large change in absorption, high extinction ratio, large Stark shift, very low insertion loss, zero chirp, and higher figures of merit are possible to be achieved simultaneously as compared with intra-step quantum well (IQW). The segmented transmission-line method allows us to design a TWEAM with above 25 Ω impedance and very high bandwidth. Furthermore, increasing the width of p-cladding layer with the same active layer to reduce the resistance in p-i-n mushroom-type waveguide of TWEAM based on AICD-SQW improve the microwave propagation loss and thus the high-speed electro-optical response. For this purpose, the transmission-line microwave properties of TWEAM such as microwave index, microwave loss, and characteristic impedance are obtained for active and passive segments of transmission-line. Then equivalent circuit model elements are extracted. The modulation response of segmented transmission-line mushroom-type TWEAM is obtained by HSPICE simulation and compared to circuit model simulation results of conventional mushroom-type TWEAM counterpart. The analysis results indicate that the segmented transmission-line mushroom-type TWEAM can achieve much wider bandwidth than the conventional mushroom-type TWEAM counterpart, with a small penalty in electro-optic conversion gain due to AICD-SQW structure.     

High-Speed Coplanar Waveguide Based Submount for 40 Gbit/s Electroabsorption Modulator

A high-speed submount has been designed and fabricated for 40 Gb/s electroabsorption (EA) modulators. The submount contains a coplanar waveguide (CPW) for microwave signal feeding and a Ta₂N thin-film resistor for impedance matching. The CPW transmission line is designed to ensure low microwave loss and reflection, and Ti/Cu/Ni/Au metal is adopted for electrode fabrication to guarantee good contact with the Ta₂N thin-film. The typical reflection coefficient of fabricated submount is estimated to be lower than−21 dB up to 40 GHz. As a demonstration, a high-speed EA modulator was chip-level packaged using the high-speed submount, and the measured small-signal modulation bandwidth was over 40 GHz.     

重复频率可调谐的超低抖动光窄脉冲源的研究

提出了一种新型的基于光电振荡器的重复频率可调谐的超低抖动光窄脉冲源. 光电振荡器系统可以产生超低相位噪声的微波信号; 被该信号调制的直调光经过两次相位调制之后, 使光脉冲的啁啾增强; 再通过一段色散补偿光纤, 光脉冲被进一步压窄. 实验中使用YIG可调滤波器, 可以得到8–12 GHz内步进为200 MHz的可调谐微波信号, 因此光脉冲的重复频率具有可调谐性. 当微波信号即脉冲重复频率为9.6 GHz时, 测得脉冲宽度为3.7 ps, 相位噪声为-130.1 dBc/Hz@10 kHz. 由此得出光脉冲的瞬时抖动为60.1 fs (100 Hz–1 MHz), 因此该方案产生的光窄脉冲源具有超低的抖动.     

半导体量子器件物理讲座第七讲半导体异质结光电探测器

光电探测器是一类用于接收光波并转变为电信号的专门器件，文章描述了PIN光电二极`管雪崩光电二极管、MSM（金属－半导体－金属）光电二极管的器件结构和工作原理，并对它们的响应度、噪声、带宽等特性进行了讨论，这类器件已在光通信、光信息处理等许多系统中得到广泛的应用。     

Ultra-Broad-Band LiNbO3 Electro-Optic Modulators with Novel Complex Electrode

The characteristics of Z- cut LiNbO3 optical modulators with novel complex electrode are discussed by using the finite element method (FEM) and studied experimentally in this paper. The travelling wave electrode consists of upper and lower parts. It can easily realize phase velocity matching between microwave and optical wave and drastically reduce microwave electrode loss. An electrooptic modulator with larger than 100 GHz bandwidth and half wave voltage 6 V is designed, fabricated and measured. Vπ is 5.1 V and the attenuation coefficient a0 is 0.3 dB/(cm· GHz1/2 ). The experimental results show that the modulator has great potentiality for expanding bandwidth.     

Ultra-Broad-Band LiNbO_3 Electro-Optic Modulators with Novel Complex Electrode

1 IntroductionFOr LiNbO3 modulators, the bandwidth is mainly restricted by the microwaveattenuation of the travelling--wave electrode and the phase velocity ndsmatch betWeenmicrowave and optical wave in the devices. When the phase velocity matching issatisfied it is very i~rtant to decrease the microwave attenuation for expandingbandwidth. The thecrowave propagating lOSS is the main source Of the microwaveattenuation in the interactive region. The larger the cross-sectional area or the lOn…     

Design trade-offs in optoelectronic parallel processing systems using smart-SLMs

Optoelectronic devices with free-space optical interconnections offer new possibilities in massively parallel processing. The trade-offs involved in system design and device selection for optoelectronic implementations are examined. System design trade-offs are approached from algorithmic and technological standpoints. From the algorithmic standpoint, new architectures based on expander graphs, that have been shown to provide low-contention fault-tolerant communication, are discussed. Optoelectronic systems which implement such random graphs can be folded to reduce the hardware cost or unfolded to increase bandwidth. They can also be partially folded by increasing the grain size or by reducing the randomness of the graph topology to reduce the complexity of the interconnection holograms. An optoelectronic and a VLSI implementation of a multistage interconnection network are compared from a technological standpoint. Physical design parameters, such as the chip size or the number of phase levels of the interconnection holograms, are related to the system design metrics such as bandwidth, volume, area and power. It is shown that the optoelectronic implementations have higher performance and are more cost-effective than VLSI implementations. These results are also used to provide general guidelines for device selection in the design of smart pixels/smart spatial light modulators based optoelectronic systems.     

High-index and low loss polyethylene terephatate optical waveguides

In this paper, the fabrication and characterization of a high-index low loss polyethylene terephatate (PET) optical waveguide is presented. Dip-coating technique has been used to fabricate the optical waveguide using PET. Various waveguide properties, such as mode effective refractive index, optical loss, dispersion and waveguide thickness as a function of temperature of waveguides and substrates have been reported. Optical losses of as low as 0.7 dB cm^–1 waveguides can be obtained if the formation temperature can be controlled between 30 and 35°C. In addition, we suggested that it is a suitable material for optoelectronic waveguide devices.     

基于平行偏振光注入的1550nm波段垂直腔表面发射激光器获取窄线宽光子微波的理论和实验研究

提出一种基于1550 nm垂直腔表面发射激光器(1550 nm-VCSEL)获取高质量微波信号的全光方案.在该方案中,采用波长位于VCSEL中被抑制模式的中心波长附近、振动方向与VCSEL中主导模式相同的偏振光注入(即平行注入)1550 nm-VCSEL获取高频微波,并借助双光反馈对该高频微波的线宽进行窄化.一方面,基于VCSEL的自旋反转模型,从理论上分析了采用该方案产生微波信号的可行性;另一方面,通过构建相应的实验系统,对该方案产生的微波的特性进行初步实验研究.实验结果表明:在合适的注入条件下,1550 nm-VCSEL能够产生30 GHz左右的微波信号,但该信号的线宽较宽(百兆水平);引入双光反馈后,微波线宽可被压窄两个数量级以上,得到了线宽低于1 MHz、信噪比大于40 d B的微波信号.     

含有吸收介质的突变结构腔体场匹配分析

采用分区求解场及边界场匹配方法推导出含有吸收介质波导的色散方程及突变结构高频腔体混合模式的场匹配方程。将解析分析与数值计算结合，对回旋速调管放大器高频腔体进行了数值计算，研究了吸收层对波导传播、衰减特性及谐振腔的谐振特性、损耗特性、Q值、场分布的影响。给出了数值模拟主要结果。 关键词： 吸收介质 场匹配 混合模 谐振腔 高功率微波     

New phase and polarization-insensitive receivers for coherent optical fibre communication systems

We propose new phase- and polarisation-insensitive receivers for coherent optical fibre communication systems which have the following characteristic features: (a) insensitivity to LO excess noise in addition to phase- and polarization-insensitivity; (b) absence of optical PLL and polarization control devices; (c) a smaller detector bandwidth requirement than for heterodyne systems; (d) the same source linewidth requirement as for heterodyne systems with non-coherent demodulation; (e) the possibility of a complete optoelectronic integrated circuit (OEIC) version in the future.     

基于多开口田字形宽频带低损耗左手材料

提出了一种基于多开口田字形单元结构实现材料左手特性的设计方案.该结构是在介质基板单侧集成电、磁谐振器形成左手单元.通过理论分析、软件仿真、加工测试、提取有效电磁参数,结果表明该结构在12.7—21.1 GHz范围内具有双负特性(等效介电常数ε0,等效磁导率μ0),基本覆盖Ku波段,绝对带宽可达8.4 GHz,单元损耗低于0.3 d B.同传统的左手材料相比,该结构以更小的单元尺寸,更低的损耗实现了更宽的左手频带,为宽频带、低损耗微波左手材料的设计及广泛应用提供了重要参考.     

用电化学沉积方法制备钴掺杂的氧化锌薄膜及其光学性质

通过选用乌洛托品作为络合剂,采用电化学沉积的方法成功地制备出钴掺杂的氧化锌薄膜。通过对样品的XRD表征,得出生长的样品为ZnO纤锌矿结构,并没有其他杂相峰,即没有出现分相;通过对样品XPS的分析显示Co离子在薄膜中以+2价的形式存在;为进一步验证Co²⁺离子进入ZnO的晶格,对掺杂不同Co²⁺浓度的样品进行PL谱的测量,从发光光谱上可以看出随着掺杂Co²⁺浓度的增加,带隙逐渐变窄,发光峰位红移,证明Co²⁺部分取代了Zn²⁺而进入了ZnO晶格中。     

Fiber optics in japan

This paper describes the recent progress in research and development of fiber optics in Japan. A review is presented of recent developments in fiber manufacturing, cabling, and fiber splicing. Experimental results are given for an optical communication system with optoelectronic components. Theoretical analysis and fundamental experiments are not included, nor are research activities in such devices as lasers or in such applications as those in medical fields. Transmission characteristics of optical fibers—in particular loss and pulse spreading—are assessed from the viewpoint of their structures. Various methods of fiber strengthening and structuring cables are described from the viewpoint of mechanical strength. Coupling efficiencies of detachable connectors and methods of permanent fiber splicing are described. Experimental results on optical fiber communication systems are presented and coupling techniques between a light source and an optical fiber are described.     

Fiber optics in japan

Abstract

This paper describes the recent progress in research and development of fiber optics in Japan. A review is presented of recent developments in fiber manufacturing, cabling, and fiber splicing. Experimental results are given for an optical communication system with optoelectronic components. Theoretical analysis and fundamental experiments are not included, nor are research activities in such devices as lasers or in such applications as those in medical fields. Transmission characteristics of optical fibers—in particular loss and pulse spreading—are assessed from the viewpoint of their structures. Various methods of fiber strengthening and structuring cables are described from the viewpoint of mechanical strength. Coupling efficiencies of detachable connectors and methods of permanent fiber splicing are described. Experimental results on optical fiber communication systems are presented and coupling techniques between a light source and an optical fiber are described.