稀土化合物催化内酯开环聚合 Ⅱ．异丙氧基稀土催化D．L－丙交酯开环聚合

 系统地研究了异丙氧基稀土催化Ｄ．Ｌ－两交酯（ＬＡ）开环聚合的规律．实验表明：在甲苯溶剂中，异丙氧基稀土对Ｄ．Ｌ－丙交酯聚合有较高的催化活性，可获得较高的分子量（Ｍη＝４．０×１０^４）不同稀土元素的活性次序如下：Ｌａ＞Ｎｄ＞Ｄｙ＞Ｙ．异丙氧基稀土催化Ｄ·Ｌ－两支酯聚合的合适条件为：［ＬＡ］＝１．９５ｍｏｌ／ｌ，［Ｌｎ（Ｏ－ｉ－Ｐｒ）３］＝６．５×１０^－３ｍｏｌ／ｌ，甲苯，９０℃，聚合反应速度与单体和催化剂浓度均成一级关系，聚合反应表现活化能为着６７．７ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ．     

丙交酯开环聚合反应的新型有机催化剂

作为生物高分子降解材料,聚乳酸具有良好的生物相容性和生物降解性,已经广泛应用于包装材料、农用薄膜等环境领域和药物控制释放体系、医用缝合线、组织工程支架等医学领域。丙交酯开环聚合是制备聚乳酸的理想之选,其催化体系目前以金属催化剂为主,但金属离子在聚合物中的痕量残留和细胞毒性限制了聚乳酸在生物医学及微电子领域的应用,而有机催化剂能够克服这些缺点,是目前聚乳酸合成领域的研究热点。本文从不同的活化机理角度,阐述了近年来有机催化剂在合成聚乳酸中的研究进展,总结了各种催化体系在活性、结构可控性及选择性方面的特点,同时展望有机催化剂在开环聚合反应中所面临的机遇与挑战。     

乙酰丙酮铁催化丙交酯开环聚合的研究

以乙酰丙酮铁 [Fe(acac) 3]为催化剂进行D ,L 丙交酯的开环聚合及在聚乙二醇 (PEG)存在下的开环共聚 ,研究了催化剂用量、反应温度和反应时间对聚合反应的影响以及PEG用量对共聚反应的影响 ,并探讨了丙交酯开环聚合机理 .结果表明 ,Fe(acac) 3是按配位 插入机理催化丙交酯开环聚合的 ;在本文的聚合条件下 ,大部分聚合的单体转化率都达 90 %以上 ,聚合产物的粘均分子量最高可达 6 6 0 0 0 ,均显示出较好的催化性能 .在PEG存在下 ,PEG作为引发剂参入了丙交酯的开环聚合 ,D ,L 丙交酯是沿着PEG分子两端开环聚合的 ,分子链的链端结构是以羟基为端基的乳酰基结构单元 ,Fe(acac) 3有促进PEG参与聚合成酯的作用 .     

二(2,6-二叔丁基-4-个甲基苯氧基)钐催化丙交酯开环聚合

聚丙交酯（PLA）可以生物降解，产物无毒，可用于外科手术的缝合线、人造器官以及药物缓释等方面，因此引起了人们的广泛注意．丙交酯的开环聚合是合成聚丙交酯的一种方便方法，所用的催化剂主要是主族及副族金属的配合物，如双金属氧桥配合物［‘j，烷基金属有机化合物［‘j，异丙氧基铝［’‘以及叶琳铝「“等．最近，关于三价烷氧基稀土化合物作为单组份催化剂催化丙交酯开环聚会已有报道［’·’‘．我们发现两价芳氧基稀土化合物（ArO）。Sin（THF）。（ArO一2，已二叔丁基一个甲基苯氧基）也可以有效地催化丙文酯的开环聚合．本…     

稀土化合物催化内酯开环聚合 Ⅱ．异丙氧基稀土催化D．L－丙交酯开环聚合

系统地研究了异丙氧基稀土催化Ｄ．Ｌ－两交酯（ＬＡ）开环聚合的规律．实验表明：在甲苯溶剂中，异丙氧基稀土对Ｄ．Ｌ－丙交酯聚合有较高的催化活性，可获得较高的分子量（Ｍη＝４．０×１０４）不同稀土元素的活性次序如下：Ｌａ＞Ｎｄ＞Ｄｙ＞Ｙ．异丙氧基稀土催化Ｄ·Ｌ－两支酯聚合的合适条件为：［ＬＡ］＝１．９５ｍｏｌ／ｌ，［Ｌｎ（Ｏ－ｉ－Ｐｒ）３］＝６．５×１０－３ｍｏｌ／ｌ，甲苯，９０℃，聚合反应速度与单体和催化剂浓度均成一级关系，聚合反应表现活化能为着６７．７ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ．     

外消旋丙交酯立体选择聚合研究进展

脂肪酸聚酯聚乳酸具有生物降解性和生物相容性,可用于生物医学、药物和环境材料等领域。本文综述了丙交酯聚合研究的最新进展,突出强调了催化活性高、能够控制聚合物立构规整性的丙交酯开环聚合催化剂。由于选用的催化剂和丙交酯单体的不同,聚乳酸有等规、无规、杂同、间规以及立体嵌段等不同的微观结构,不同微观结构的聚乳酸的力学、物理和降解性能不同。本文重点列举了单活性中心的铝、稀土金属和环境友好型铁、锌、镁以及不含金属的有机催化剂在外消旋丙交酯的立体选择开环聚合方面的最新进展,强调低毒性、生物相容性好的催化剂是目前研究的重点。最后指出,随着环境友好聚乳酸材料的合成和应用的增加,开发单活性中心以及无金属催化剂研究丙交酯立体选择开环聚合是今后研究的一个重要的课题。     

肌酐乳酸胍催化L-丙交酯活性开环聚合反应研究

合成了一种新型有机胍化合物即肌酐乳酸胍(CGLA),并将其应用于L-丙交酯(LLA)的开环聚合反应.聚合反应动力学研究表明,CGLA引发的LLA开环聚合反应具有典型活性聚合反应特征,ln[M]0/[M]t-t、Mn-Conversion关系均呈准直线关系.同核去偶1H-NMR法对产物立构规整度的表征证明所合成PLLA具有较高等规度(76%).聚合反应的添加剂效应研究证明了大分子活性物种的非自由基及非离子性本质.以1H-NMR法对聚合反应的跟踪和增长大分子物种结构的表征证明了增长大分子活性端为肌酐胍-烷氧结构(CG-OR),在实验研究的基础上推断CGLA引发的丙交酯开环聚合反应遵循配位插入增长机理.     

Novel synthesis of biodegradable poly(lactide-co-ethylene glycol) block copolymers

Biodegradable and amphiphilic diblock copolymers [polylactide-block-poly(ethylene glycol)] and triblock copolymers [polylactide-block-poly(ethylene glycol)-block-polylactide] were synthesized by the anionic ring-opening polymerization of lactides in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether or poly(ethylene glycol) and potassium hexamethyldisilazide as a catalyst. The polymerization in toluene at room temperature was very fast, yielding copolymers of controlled molecular weights and tailored molecular architectures. The chemical structure of the copolymers was investigated with ¹H and ¹³C NMR. The formation of block copolymers was confirmed by ¹³C NMR and differential scanning calorimetry investigations. The monomodal profile of the molecular weight distribution by gel permeation chromatography provided further evidence of block copolymer formation as well as the absence of cyclic species. Additional confirmation of the block copolymers was obtained by the substitution of 2-butanol for poly(ethylene glycol); butyl groups were clearly identified by ¹H NMR as polymer chain end groups. The effects of the copolymer composition and lactide stereochemistry on the copolymer properties were examined. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 2235–2245, 2007     

Studies on Ring—Opening Polymerization of Chloromethyl Thiirane with Rare Earth Catalysts and Functional Resins Synthesized therewith

Studies on ring-opening polymerization of chloromethyl thiirane with rare earth catalysts and functional resins synthesized therewith were reviewed.     

Direct Cyclodextrin‐Mediated Ring Opening Polymerization of ϵ‐Caprolactone in the Presence of Yttrium Trisphenolate Catalyst

Unmodified β‐cyclodextrin has been directly used to initiate ring‐opening polymerization of ϵ‐caprolactone in the presence of yttrium trisphenolate. Well‐defined cyclodextrin (CD)‐centered star‐shaped poly(ϵ‐caprolactone)s have been successfully synthesized containing definite average numbers of arms (N_arm = 4–6) and narrow polydispersity indexes (below 1.10). The number‐average molecular weight ( ) and average molecular weight per arm ( ) are controlled by the feeding molar ratio of monomer to initiator. The prepared star‐PCL with of 2.7 × 10³ is in fully amorphous and that with of 13.3 × 10³ is crystallized. In addition, the obtained poly(e‐caprolactone) (PCL) stars with various molecular weights have different solubilities in methanol and tetrahydrofuran, which can be applied for further modifications.     

Homo-and Copolymerization of ε-Caprolactone and 2,2-Dimethyltrimethylene Carbonate by Rare Earth Initiators

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＡｌｉｐｈａｔｉｃｐｏｌｙｅｓｔｅｒｓａｎｄｐｏｌｙｃａｒｂｏｎａｔｅｓｈａｖｅａｔｔｒａｃｔ ｅｄｇｒｏｗｉｎｇｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｆｏｒｔｈｅｉｒｅｘｃｅｌｌｅｎｔｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｏｆｂｉｏｄｅｇｒａｄａｂｉｌｉｔｙ ,ｂｉｏｃｏｍｐａｔｉｂｉｌｉｔｙａｎｄｌｏｗｔｏｘｉｃｉｔｙ .Ｔｈｅｉｒｅｘｐｅｃｔｅｄｕｓｅｓｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｄｒｕｇｄｅｌｉｖｅｒｙｍｅｄｉｕｍ ,ｓｕｒｇｉｃａｌｓｕ ｔｕｒｅｓ ,ｂｏｄｙｉｍｐｌａｎｔｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ ,ｃｅｌｌｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｓｕｂｓｔ…     

Progress in Polymerization of Cyclic Esters: Mechanisms and Synthetic Applications

Recent advances in the controlled ring-opening polymerization of aliphatic cyclic esters are briefly reviewed. Particular attention is paid to the high molecular weight linear, branched, and star-shaped poly(lactide)s and poly(ε-caprolactone) synthesis. It is concluded that despite the plethora of initiating and/or catalytic systems applied for this purpose the best results so far were achieved with Al- and Sn(II) derivatives. Analytical methods employed for aliphatic polyesters of various architectures characterization, including SEC-MALLS, LC-CC, and fluorescence spectroscopy, are also discussed.     

Tuning the thermal properties of poly(ethylene)-like poly(esters) by copolymerization of ε-caprolactone with macrolactones,in the presence of a pyridylamidozinc(II) complex

Linear aliphatic poly(ester)s, as thermoplastic materials, are more and more envisaged as the potential “green” alternative to traditional plastics. Aliphatic polyesters having long methylene chain behave as “polyethylene-like” materials and can be prepared by ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of macrolactones. A pyridylamidozinc(II) complex was used for the ROP of ε-caprolactone (CL) and of two large ring size lactones, the ω-6-hexadecenlactone (6HDL) and the ω-pentadecalactone (PDL). High turnover frequencies were observed for the CL polymerization, while for the macrolactones, an entropy-driven behavior was recognized. Random copolymerizations of the PDL with 6HDL and of the macrolactones with CL were successfully achieved, and the copolymer microstructure was ascertained by NMR and MALDI analyses. The copolymer melting temperatures, measured by DSC, and the thermal degradation behavior, studied by TGA in nitrogen and air atmosphere, were dependent on the copolymer's composition. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 58, 528–539     

Precision rheological study of the effectiveness of polymer cold flow improvers for corn oil based biodiesel

Combination of the precision rheology and DSC helps to make an objective assessment of the effectiveness of modified copolymers of maleic anhydride with methylidenealkanes and best known commercial pour point depressants as cold flow improvers for corn oil based biodiesel.     

环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷开环聚合

环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的开环聚合产物在表面活性剂工业和聚氨酯工业得到了极为广泛的应用.本文综述了近几年来发展的用于环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷开环聚合的各类催化剂体系,分别讨论了各类催化剂体系对环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的不同作用机制,考察了反应物结构对反应活性和选择性的影响,重点介绍了配位络合催化剂体系在环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷开环聚合反应中的应用,并指出了今后研究的方向.