Stabilität geschliffener Oberflächen

Ohne Zusammenfassung

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Versetzungsbedingte amplitudenabhängige Relaxationsdämpfung

The activation processes of gliding dislocations during plastic deformation of solids should lead to amplitude dependent internal friction even in the case of small oscillatory dislocation movements about the equilibrium positions. Our theory predicts, that the rise of internal friction with amplitude should be the beginning of a maximum of internal friction, which one could find at higher amplitudes. It is found that this theory can account qualitatively for the main features of many experiments on amplitude dependent internal friction, although this kind of damping has seldom been measured without the backgroundaction of pinning impurities.     

Zur Materialabhängigkeit des Massenschwächwächungskoeffizienten von β-Strahlung

Catalase was desactivated in aqueous solution by irradiation with gamma-rays or ultrasound with nearly equal yields, if the applied doses were related to the response of a chemical dosimeter. The decrease of the enzymatic activity proceeded in parallel to the release of ¹²³iodine from ¹²⁵I-(iodo)-catalase. The same competition kinetics were observed in the radiolytic and sonolytic bleaching of p-nitrosodimethylaniline in the presence of catalase, respectively. It is concluded, that OH-radicals were, responsible for the sonolytic destruction of catalase. Phospholipids exerted a protective effect, which may be useful in the preparation of liposomes as carriers of macromolecules.     

Иссëсäонаиис нсоäиороäиости ноисрхиостсӥ мстаëëон мстоäом мс÷сиых атомон, И

Es wird die Isotopenübertragung im thermodynamischen Gleichgewicht zwischen deuteriertem Wasser und Wasserdampf natürlicher Isotopenzusammensetzung in einen Inertgasstrom, in Abhängigkeit von Temperatur, Mengenstrom des Gases, Geometrie der Versuchsanordnung und Natur des Gases untersucht. Für die globale Übertragungszahl und den Gesamtwiderstand werden Beziehungen abgeleitet, deren Gültigkeit experimentell geprüft werden kann. Auf Grund der experimentellen Ergebnisse wird gefolgert, daβ für die untersuchte Isotopenübertragung der Diffusionswiderstand bestimmend ist.     

The Brunt–Väisälä frequency of rotating tokamak plasmas

The continuous spectrum of analytical toroidally rotating magnetically confined plasma equilibria is investigated analytically and numerically. In the presence of purely toroidal flow, the ideal magnetohydrodynamic equations leave the freedom to specify which thermodynamic quantity is constant on the magnetic surfaces. Introducing a general parametrization of this quantity, analytical equilibrium solutions are derived that still posses this freedom. These equilibria and their spectral properties are shown to be ideally suited for testing numerical equilibrium and stability codes including toroidal rotation. Analytical expressions are derived for the low-frequency continuous Alfvén spectrum. These expressions still allow one to choose which quantity is constant on the magnetic surfaces of the equilibrium, thereby generalizing previous results. The centrifugal convective effect is shown to modify the lowest Alfvén continuum branch to a buoyancy frequency, or Brunt–Väisälä frequency. A comparison with numerical results for the case that the specific entropy, the temperature, or the density is constant on the magnetic surfaces yields excellent agreement, showing the usefulness of the derived expressions for the validation of numerical codes.     

Rundtischgespräche

Separation of cesium and cobalt from simulated medium active waste (MAW) by coprecipitation with hexacyanocobaltate (III) salts has been discussed. It has been found that coprecipitation of cesium or cobalt from MAW can be carried out successfully by using only potassium hexacyanocobaltate (III). The retention of cesium and cobalt has been studied over a wide range of pH, from zero to 12. A comparison of cobalti-, ferro- and ferricyanide complexes towards the retention of cesium at different pH values has also been made. The retention capacity of cobalticyanide precipitates for cesium and cobalt at pH 1.6 has been reported.     

Homogenität,Kovarianz und Relativität

Zusammenfassung Es werden zwei Begriffe: Homogenität des Raumzeitkontinuums und Kovarianz der Gleichungen, wie sie in der Relativitätstheorie gebraucht werden, definiert und erläutert. Es wird gezeigt, doss die beiden Begriffe wesentlich verschieden sind und in Form nichtäquivalenter mathematischer Bedingungen ihren Ausdruck finden. Trotzdem werden beide Begriffe sowohl von Einstein, als auch in der Literatur über Relativitätstheorie mit einem und demselben Wort Relativität bezeichnet. Der Missgebrauch des Wortes Relativität bedeutet nicht nur einen terminologischen Fehler, sondern spricht auch von einem ungenügenden Verständnis der Grundidee der Relativitätstheorie, besonders der sog. allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie. Versteht man unter Relativität Homogenität des Raumes, so ist in der sog. allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie überhaupt keine Relativität vorhanden. Versteht man dagegen unter Relativität Kovarianz der Gleichungen, so steckt in jener Theorie nicht mehr Relativität, wie z. B. in den unrelativistischen Bewegungsgleichungen, welche ebensogut eine allgemein-kovariante Formulierung gestatten (Lagrangesche Gleichungen 2-ter Art). Die Bezeichnung allgemeine Relativitätstheorie ist daher irrefuhrend. Die geniale Theorie Einsteins ist eine reine Gravitationstheorie. , No 4, . 131, 1955. (RhilosophischeFragen No 4, S. 131, Moskau 1955. Ins Deutsche über setzt vom Verfasser).     

Temperaturabhängigkeit der Knight-shift von Molybdän

Measurements of the magnitude, sign and temperature dependence of the Knight-shiftK and magnetic susceptibility in Molybdenum metal were carried out. Detailed analysis of these data shows that the principal contribution toK and arises from the orbital part. The temperature dependence ofK and is due mainly to the orbital part and not to the core polarization part as it is known for other transition metals. Theoretical calculations are in agreement with these results.The experiments were carried out in a magnetic field of 80 kG and over the temperature range 300T1200 K.     

Paritätsreinheit der Kernzustände in Rb85

Nuclear γ-radiation must be circularly polarized if parity conservation does not hold strictly in nuclear states. From a polarisation measurement of the 513 keV γ-line in Rb⁸⁵ an upper limit for the relative amplitude of the irregular wave function F≦5,5·10^?6 was obtained.

     

Die Veränderung einer Metalloberfläche nach der Elektronenemission unter atmosphärischen Bedingungen

Ohne Zusammenfassung

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Die allgemeine Intensitätsverteilung in der kohärent ausgeleuchteten Umgebung einer Kaustikfläche

It is found that in the case of coherent irradiation the intensity distribution in the near vicinity of any regular caustic surface is described by the same Airy integral. The scale in which the distance of intensity maxima and minima is measured depends only on the wave length and the difference of the curvatures of the tangent electron ray and the circle of curvature to which this ray is tangent. This result is confirmed by a simple light optical experiment. For the case of a charged particle in a homogeneous field the result of a direct wave mechanical calculation is in agreement with the above approximation in which some concepts of geometrical optics were used.     

Zustände nicht-normaler Parität von N14

A conventional shell model calculation has been made for some odd-parity states of N¹⁴ assuming them to arise from the configurationsp ⁹ d andp ⁹ 2s. Especially we study the limit, when the inequivalent particle is coupled in thejj-scheme to the p-shell configurations. Then a satisfactory picture can be given of the lowest 0^?, 0 and 3^?, 0 level, supposed that the well depth of the interaction potential between the outer particle and thep-shell is chosen properly.     

Zur Additivität von Photostrom und Sekundärelektronenstrom

Papers fromEkertowa andDember show contradicting results concerning the additivity of photoelectric current and secondary electron current. We found, upon investigation, that additivity exists between photoelectric current and secondary electron current for metals in agreement withEkertowa. The large departures from additivity, observed byDember, receive reasonable interpretation in terms of an internal photoelectric effect in the oxide layer of his target.