Zeolite NaY-promoted cyclization of farnesal: a short route to nanaimoal

The sesquiterpene nanaimoal was synthesized in 21% overall yield and in a biomimetic manner. As a key step, the acid-catalyzed cyclization of farnesal under zeolite NaY confinement conditions was used. The intrazeolite cyclization of farnesal affords as major product a double-bond isomer of nanaimoal, via a novel diastereoselective tandem 1,5-diene cyclization/Prins-type reaction.     

Energetic study of diastereoselective thio-Claisen rearrangement

Molecular simulation is applied to explain the diastereoselective thio-Claisen rearrangement results of various S-allyl γ-hydroxy ketene dithioacetals. We show that the experimental results of Sreekumar et al. in the absence and in the presence of zeolite catalyst can be rationalized in terms of the energetics of the steric of the reactant and the transition-state structure and of the non-bonding interactions of zeolite–reactant and zeolite–transition-state structure. The procedures used can successfully identify optimum products for a given diastereoselective thio-Claisen rearrangement.     

Diastereoselective synthesis of the Leu-Pro type phosphinyl dipeptide isostere

A diastereoselective synthesis of the Leu-Pro type phosphinyl dipeptide isostere in its protected form was achieved from stereodefined α-amino-H-phosphinate. The methodology involved a cross-coupling reaction with alkenyl triflate and subsequent diastereoselective hydrogenation of the alkene moiety, which capitalized on the phosphorus chirality.     

Synthetic studies toward the pyran core and the amide side chain of psymberin

A synthetic approach to the polysubstituted pyran core and amide side chain of psymberin (irciniastatin A) using stereoselective organoboron methodology is described. An advanced oxyranyl pyran intermediate was prepared using a catalytic enantioselective and diastereoselective three-component reaction involving first an inverse electron-demand hetero [4+2] cycloaddition between 3-boronoacrolein pinacolate and 1-ethoxy-2-methylpropene, followed by an allylboration of ethyl glyoxylate. The amide side chain was prepared highly efficiently using the first example of a doubly diastereoselective allylboration of a chiral α-alkoxy aldehyde under the Lewis acid-catalyzed reaction manifold.     

丝光沸石孔口改性及对反应对位选择性的影响

详细研究了用Si(OCH_3)_4化学蒸气沉积法(C.V.D.)精细调节丝光沸石孔口尺寸的方法，制备了一系列孔口尺寸不同的SiHM沸石，并对这些样品的吸附性能、酸性质和择形催化作用进行了考察．结果表明，通过Si(OCH_3)_4C.V.D．方法制备的孔口尺寸各异的SiHM沸石，内表面酸性质保持不变；将其用于甲苯歧化反应，对位选择性明显增加，在相近转化率条件下，二甲苯产物中对二甲苯的摩尔分数可提高到0.40以上；但对邻二甲苯异构化反应，由于反应不是单纯由反应产物扩散控制，它们的对位选择性并无明显改善．     

Diastereoselective cationic tandem cyclizations to N-heterocyclic scaffolds: total synthesis of (-)-dysibetaine PP

[reaction: see text] Herein, we report a short and diastereoselective synthesis of the natural product (-)-dysibetaine PP. The key step in the synthetic sequence is a novel highly diastereoselective tandem-cyclization reaction of an enantiomerically pure dipeptide. This cyclization methodology is applied in the synthesis of a broader range of N-heterocyclic scaffolds.     

Synthesis of the stenine ring system from pyrrole

The skeleton of the stemona alkaloid, stenine, has been synthesized starting from pyrrole, employing an asymmetric organocatalyzed cyclization, Sonogashira coupling, a diastereoselective intramolecular propargylic Barbier reaction, cyclocarbonylation, and diastereoselective alkene reduction. Modulation of the electron-rich nature of the pyrrole nucleus by employing an α-trifluoroacetyl group is essential. The α-trifluoroacetyl group may be rapidly removed under carefully defined, mild conditions.     

A concise total synthesis of (-)-maoecrystal Z

The first total synthesis of (-)-maoecrystal Z is described. The key steps of the synthesis include a diastereoselective Ti(III)-mediated reductive epoxide coupling reaction and a diastereoselective Sm(II)-mediated reductive cascade cyclization reaction. These transformations enabled the preparation of (-)-maoecrystal Z in only 12 steps from (-)-γ-cyclogeraniol.     

High chelation control of three contiguous stereogenic centers in the Reformatsky reactions of indium enolates with alpha-hydroxy ketones: unexpected stereochemistry of lactone formation

[reaction: see text] A boat-type of chelated bicyclic transition state involving highly diastereoselective construction of three contiguous stereogenic centers in the Reformatsky reaction of indium enolates with alpha-alkoxy/hydroxy ketones is proposed. alpha-Hydroxy ketones with indium enolates furnished highly diastereoselective lactones, while alpha-alkoxy ketones gave acyclic esters in moderate selectivities. X-ray structure analyses of key products unequivocally revealed the unexpected stereochemistry of products and the reaction pathway.     

A highly diastereoselective oxa-Pictet-Spengler approach to (+)-astropaquinone B and (+)-astropaquinone C and the formation of astropaquinone B dimer

A concise and highly diastereoselective synthesis of (+)-astropaquinone B and (+)-astropaquinone C is reported. The synthetic strategy is based on an efficient combination of Dötz benzannulation using a chiral alkyne to construct the naphthalene unit and a highly diastereoselective oxa-Pictet-Spengler reaction to install the trans-configured pyran ring as the key steps.     

Diastereoselective synthesis of (2S,5R)-5-hydroxypipecolic acid and 6-substituted derivatives

[reaction: see text] Herein, we report a diastereoselective synthesis of the natural product (2S,5R)-5-hydroxypipecolic acid and 6-substituted derivatives thereof. The key step in the synthetic sequence is a novel highly diastereoselective epoxidation reaction of an enantiomerically pure cyclic enamide intermediate.     

Utilization of 1-oxa-2,2-(dimesityl)silacyclopentane acetals in the stereoselective synthesis of polyols

We have developed a route for the stereoselective synthesis of 1-oxa-2,2-(dimesityl)silacyclopentane acetals, intermediates in the synthesis of highly functionalized 1,3-diols. This route involves a diastereoselective conjugate addition reaction of a hydrosilyl anion, a subsequent diastereoselective enolate alkylation, and a fluoride-catalyzed intramolecular hydrosilylation reaction to afford the oxasilacyclopentane acetal. A highly selective nucleophilic substitution reaction, followed by oxidation of the C-Si bond, leads to the desired polyol.     

高铝MAP沸石的非自发结晶动力学研究

在强碱性水溶液体系中,以水玻璃为硅源,以铝酸钠为铝源,在类质同晶高硅P沸石晶种导向作用下,反应物中自发生成的A型沸石可转晶为纯相高铝MAP沸石。升高反应温度有利于提高产物的结晶度。由不同温度下的晶化曲线计算出MAP沸石表观生长活化能为59.6kJ.mol^-^1。不用晶种时,同一反应物体系结晶产物为单一的A型沸石。在该反应物体系中,A型沸石的成核活化能与生长活化能分别为40.3和50.7kJ.mol^-^1。MAP高的生长活化能以及A型沸石相对低的成核与生长活化能揭示合成MAP沸石时使用晶种的原因。     

Selective synthesis of functionalized, tertiary silanes by diastereoselective rearrangement-addition

[reaction: see text] Treatment of hydroxy-substituted silyl epoxides with Grignard reagents induces a 1,2-carbon shift to reveal alpha-silyl aldehydes, which are trapped by highly diastereoselective addition reactions of the Grignard reagent. The starting epoxides are readily accessible from propargylic alcohols by regio- and diastereoselective hydrosilylation and epoxidation reactions. In addition to providing functionalized tertiary silane products, the method is shown to offer a tertiary olefin synthesis through chemo- and diastereoselective Peterson elimination of the product tertiary silane diols.     

Calorimetric evolution of the early pozzolanic reaction of natural zeolites

The pozzolanic reaction between natural zeolite tuffs, portlandite and water was investigated over the course of the early reaction period up to 3 days. Isothermal conduction calorimetry experiments supplemented by TG/DTG and XRD analyses assisted in the elucidation of the sequence of reaction processes taking place. The calorimetry experiments clearly showed the dependence of the pozzolanic reaction rate and associated heat release on the fineness of the zeolite tuff. Higher external surface areas of pozzolans yield higher total heat releases. Also the exchangeable cation content of the zeolites influences the reaction rate. Release of exchangeable alkalis into solution promotes the pozzolanic reaction by raising the pH and zeolite solubility. The appearance of an exotherm after approximately 3 h of reaction is more conspicuous when alkali-rich zeolites are reacted. This exotherm is conceived to be related to a transformation or rupture of initially formed reaction products covering the zeolite grains. The formation of substantial amounts of ‘stable’ calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) and calcium aluminate hydrate (C–A–H) reaction took place after an induction period of more than 6 h. The openness of the zeolite framework affects the proneness of the zeolite to dissolution and thus its reactivity. Open framework zeolites such as chabazite were observed to react much more rapidly than closed framework zeolites such as analcime.     

An organocatalytic approach to the core of eunicellin

A stereocontrolled synthesis of the core of eunicellin is described featuring a Claisen rearrangement and a diastereoselective organocatalytic Diels-Alder reaction as the key steps.     

Studies on the synthesis of (-)-spinosyn a: application of the steric directing group strategy to transannular Diels-Alder reactions

A highly diastereoselective and enantioselective synthesis of the decahydro-as-indacene nucleus 12 of (-)-spinosyn A (1) is reported. By implementing the steric directing group strategy, tricyclic lactone 37 was produced from a remarkably diastereoselective transannular Diels-Alder reaction of lactone 9. The tricyclic core of the natural product was then obtained by using an Ireland-Claisen ring contraction of 37. Reversal of the order of these two steps resulted in an almost complete loss of diastereoselectivity.     

Stereoselective synthesis of the C1-C13 fragment of bistramide A

The C1-C13 fragment of bistramide A was prepared from 5-hexenoic acid in 15 linear steps and in 16% overall yield. The core 2,6-trans-tetrahydropyran ring was obtained via a kinetically controlled oxa-Michael cyclization from the corresponding chiral α,β-unsaturated hydroxyester. This precursor was prepared by using a diastereoselective alkylation reaction using Davies Superquat auxiliary and a diastereoselective Roush’s allylboration as key steps.     

Multi-component regio- and diastereoselective cobalt-catalyzed hydrovinylation/allylboration reaction sequence

The combination of a regioselective cobalt-catalyzed 1,4-hydrovinylation and the diastereoselective allylboronation reaction leads to a wide scope of functionalized hydroxydienyl esters in a one-pot reaction in excellent yields. With catalytic amounts of base, these products are easily converted either into α,β,γ,δ-unsaturated hydroxyl esters or complex tetrasubstituted tetrahydropyrans in chemo- and diastereoselective fashions. In addition, a high-yielding four-component one-pot reaction involving an acrylate, two different and unsymmetrical 1,3-dienes, and an unsaturated aldehyde is presented.     

Diastereoselective synthesis of the top half of kijanolide

A highly diastereoselective synthesis of the top half (4) of kijanolide is described. The key step is the exo and diastereoface selective Diels-Alder reaction of triene 6 and chiral dienophile 6.