离散的SI和SIS传染病模型的研究

为了描述个体的死亡、染病者的恢复以及疾病的传染,引入了相应的概率.基于总种群中个体数量为常数的假设,根据染病者能否恢复分别建立了具有生命动力学的离散SI和SIS传染病模型.所得到的结果显示:它们具有与相应连续模型相同的动力学性态,并确定了各自的阈值.在它们的阈值之下,传染病最终将灭绝;在它们的阈值之上,传染病将会发展成为地方病,染病者的数量将趋向于一确定的正常数.     

高中数学专题研究的一个案例──关于沪闵路─春申路口红绿灯时间设置合理性的研究

一、专题的背景与分析 　　1. 背景 　　闵行区的沪闵路─春申路口是交通特别拥挤的交叉路口之一.家住莘庄地区的同学有一个共同的感受,在他们到校或回家路上必经的沪闵路─春申路口时常遇到塞车现象.……     

报童模型及ARMA预测在航空配餐问题中的应用

航班承载人数的不确定性,造成航空公司在配餐中利润的流失,现存的配餐模式存在较多的浪费.本文利用基于损失厌恶的报童模型和ARMA时间序列分析模型对深圳航空公司某航班的配餐份数进行了建模分析和预测,并通过对两种模型输出的比较,得出了长期预测与短期预测的模型应用理论.将实际的历史数据代人到模型中验证,其结果优于经验模式下的配餐盈利情况.本文所采用的研究方法和研究结果对航空公司的精益发展有建设性的意义.     

巧解一道"牛吃草"问题

"牛吃草"问题又称为消长问题,是17世纪英国伟大的科学家牛顿提出来的.典型牛吃草问题的条件是假设草的生长速度固定不变,不同头数的牛吃光同一片草地所需的天数各不相同,求若干头牛吃这片草地可以吃多少天.由于吃的天数不同,草又是天天在生长的,所以草的存量随吃的天数不断地变化.……     

大钟与六位密码

福尔摩西接到电话的时候正在翻看一本关于城中富翁艾伦王的传奇故事。艾伦王年少时靠贩卖廉价的小闹钟起家,经过几十年的辛勤努力,把自己的事业拓展成了最有名的钟表公司,是本市最有名的富翁。艾伦王年纪已经很大了,身体也不好。他的儿女众多,但是他们和艾伦王的关系并不融洽。大家都猜测他们对艾伦王的财富虎视眈眈。"喂,福尔摩西吗?"约翰焦急的声音从电话那头传过来。"是我。"福尔摩西回应道。     

Drucker-Prager准则可靠度解析

视岩体强度参数为正态分布随机变量,以可靠度理论为基础,推导了Drucker-Prager准则可靠度判别的解析表达式,并通过Monte-Carlo法和一次可靠度方法验证了其正确性.应用所得到的公式分析了岩体强度参数的变异性对屈服准则判别结果的影响.结果表明,强度参数的变异性对Drucker-Prager准则可靠概率的影响程度不尽相同,在变异系数较大的情况下,它们对可靠概率的影响显著,不可忽略.为岩体屈服的可靠度判别提供了一条新思路.     

导数在高考命题中的"五大"热点

导数作为大学的重要内容,进入中学数学教材后,给传统的内容注入了生机与活力,为中学数学命题的研究提供了新视角,新方法.由于导数是研究函数性质的一个很好的工具,它的用途十分广泛,它在解决函数、不等式、解析几何等问题有独到的功能.因此,近几年的高考正逐年加大对导数问题的考查力度,本文通过对07年全国各地高考题的整理和分析寻找命题规律,希望能对今后的教学提供一点复习思路.……     

股票收益率和新息的尾部估计

利用极值理论来考虑上证综指收益率的尾部.为了选择合理的超越门限,采用平均剩余函数和De-Haan矩估计相结合的方法.在学生t分布和广义误差分布的新患假设下,用GARCH和EGARCH新息的ARMA模型拟合指数收益率,并且使用极值理论的极大似然方法估计模型残差的尾指,估计结果表明收益率的尾指和模型的残差尾指基本一致.     

神奇的骰子

骰子在许多游戏中出现,特别是赌博游戏,当中蕴含了丰富的数学知识,引起了许多数学爱好者们的关注和研究.一个普通的骰子是正六面体,它的六个面分别为数字1,2,3,4,5,6,还有许多不同的骰子、不同的玩法,充满了神奇,但神奇的骰子背后离不开数学知识的支撑.本文将介绍三     

也谈立体几何中的轨迹问题——从一道调考试题说起

2010-2011学年度武汉市部分学校新高三起点调研测试的一道试题引起了我的注意.原题如下: 在正四面体P-ABC中,M为△ABC内(含边界)一动点,且点M到三个侧面PAB,PBC,PCA的距离成等差数列,则点M的轨迹是 A.一条线段 B.椭圆的一部分 C.双曲线的一部分 D.抛物线的一部分     

Best approximation by downward sets with applications

We develop a theory of downward sets for a class of normed ordered spaces. We study best approximation in a normed ordered space X by elements of downward sets, and give necessary and sufficient conditions for any element of best approximation by a closed downward subset of X. We also characterize strictly downward subsets of X, and prove that a downward subset of X is strictly downward if and only if each its boundary point is Chebyshev. The results obtained are used for examination of some Chebyshev pairs （W,x）, where ∈ X and W is a closed downward subset of X     

The use of phase portraits to visualize and investigate isolated singular points of complex functions

ABSTRACT

Undergraduate students usually study Laurent series in a standard course of Complex Analysis. One of the major applications of Laurent series is the classification of isolated singular points of complex functions. Although students are able to find series representations of functions, they may struggle to understand the meaning of the behaviour of the function near isolated singularities. In this paper, I briefly describe the method of domain colouring to create enhanced phase portraits to visualize and study isolated singularities of complex functions. Ultimately this method for plotting complex functions might help to enhance students' insight, in the spirit of learning by experimentation. By analysing the representations of singularities and the behaviour of the functions near their singularities, students can make conjectures and test them mathematically, which can help to create significant connections between visual representations, algebraic calculations and abstract mathematical concepts.     

Comparison principle and analogues of the phragmen—lindelöf theorem for solutions of parabolic inequalities

It is well known that a Monotonicity Condition and a Coerciveness Condition principally lie in the basis of most results of the Theory of PDE's. The necessity of these important assumptions for the validity of a comparison principle and analogues of the Phragmen-Lindelöf theorem for solutions of quasilinear parabolic inequalities is discussed in the paper. In the first part of the work we introduce a new concept of monotonicity for nonlinear differential operators-nonlinear monotonicity concept-and on its basis we obtain new phenomena for solutions, subsolutions and supersolutions of the well-known quasilinear differential equations. In the second part we omit the current coerciveness condition and change it by a weaker one. In spite of this we obtain a series of new qualitative properties of solutions for wide classes of quasilinear parabolic inequalities. Most of these properties are also new for solutions of the well-known equations, which we consider in the paper.     

Nonexistence in power and gamma density regression, sum of nonnegative terms

When we use the power function α(c x)^b and gamma density αx^be^-cx to fit the data by the least squares method, we have to address the question of existence. The closure of the set of each type of these functions defined on a finite domain is determined. We derive a way to determine the closure of a sum of nonnegative functions if the closures of the summands are available.     

Sur l'existence, l'unicité, la stabilité et les propriétés de grandes déviations des solutions d'équations différentielles stochastiques rétrogrades à horizon aléatoire. Application à des problèmes de perturbations singulières

We study the existence, uniqueness and stability of solutions of backward stochastic differential equations with random terminal time under new assumptions; then we establish a large deviation principle for the solutions of such equations, related to a family of Markov processes, the diffusion coefficient of which tends to zero. Finally we apply these results to the analysis of some singular perturbation problems for a class of nonlinear partial differential equations.     

Boundary-Value Problems of the Theory of Thin and Nonthin Orthotropic Shells with Account of Nonlinearly Elastic Properties and Low Shear Rigidity of Composite Materials

The basic geometric and physical relations and resolving equations of the theory of thin and nonthin orthotropic composite shells with account of nonlinear properties and low shear rigidity of their materials are presented. They are derived based on two theories, namely the theory of anisotropic shells employing the Timoshenko or Kirchhoff-Love hypothesis and the nonlinear theory of elasticity and plasticity of anisotropic media in combination with the Lagrange variational principle. The procedure and algorithm for the numerical solution of nonlinear (linear) problems are based on the method of successive approximations, the difference-variational method, and the Lagrange multiplier method. Calculations of the stress-strain state for a spherical shell with a circular opening loaded with internal pressure are presented. The effect of transverse shear strains and physical nonlinearity of the material on the distribution of maximum deflections and circumferential stresses in the shell, obtained according to two variants of the shell theories, is studied. A comparison of the results of the problem solution in linear and nonlinear statements with and without account of the shell shear strains is given. The numerical data obtained for thin and nonthin (medium thick) composite shells are analyzed.     

Clustering Methods in Microarrays

Summary DCT Given a finite set of points in an Euclidean space the \emph{spanning tree} is a tree of minimal length having the given points as vertices. The length of the tree is the sum of the distances of all connected point pairs of the tree. The clustering tree with a given length of a given finite set of points is the spanning tree of an appropriately chosen other set of points approximating the given set of points with minimal sum of square distances among all spanning trees with the given length. DCM A matrix of real numbers is said to be column monotone orderable if there exists an ordering of columns of the matrix such that all rows of the matrix become monotone after ordering. The {\emph{monotone sum of squares of a matrix}} is the minimum of sum of squares of differences of the elements of the matrix and a column monotone orderable matrix where the minimum is taken on the set of all column monotone orderable matrices. Decomposition clusters of monotone orderings of a matrix is a clustering ofthe rows of the matrix into given number of clusters such that thesum of monotone sum of squares of the matrices formed by the rowsof the same cluster is minimal.DCP A matrix of real numbers is said to be column partitionable if there exists a partition of the columns such that the elements belonging to the same subset of the partition are equal in each row. Given a partition of the columns of a matrix the partition sum of squares of the matrix is the minimum of the sum of square of differences of the elements of the matrix and a column partitionable matrix where the minimum is taken on the set of all column partitionable matrices. Decomposition of the rows of a matrix into clusters of partitions is the minimization of the corresponding partition sum of squares given the number of clusters and the sizes of the subsets of the partitions.     

Absolute Continuity of Measures in the Class of Markov and Semi-Markov Processes of Diffusion Type

The property of absolute continuity of measures in the class of one-dimensional semi-Markov processes of diffusion type is investigated. The measure of such a process can be composed of two measures. The first one is a distribution of a random track, and the second one is a conditional distribution of a time run along the track. The desired density is represented in the form of product of two corresponding densities.     

Representation of finite groups and the first Betti number of branched coverings of a universal Borromean orbifold

The paper studies the first homology of finite regular branched coverings of a universal Borromean orbifold called B _4,4,4ℍ³. We investigate the irreducible components of the first homology as a representation space of the finite covering transformation group G. This gives information on the first betti number of finite coverings of general 3-manifolds by the universality of B _4,4,4. The main result of the paper is a criterion in terms of the irreducible character whether a given irreducible representation of G is an irreducible component of the first homology when G admits certain symmetries. As a special case of the motivating argument the criterion is applied to principal congruence subgroups of B _4,4,4. The group theoretic computation shows that most of the, possibly nonprincipal, congruence subgroups are of positive first Betti number. This work is partially supported by the Sonderforschungsbereich 288.     

Lie algebraic characterization of manifolds

Results on characterization of manifolds in terms of certain Lie algebras growing on them, especially Lie algebras of differential operators, are reviewed and extended. In particular, we prove that a smooth (real-analytic, Stein) manifold is characterized by the corresponding Lie algebra of linear differential operators, i.e. isomorphisms of such Lie algebras are induced by the appropriate class of diffeomorphisms of the underlying manifolds. The research of Janusz Grabowski supported by the Polish Ministry of Scientific Research and Information Technology under the grant No. 2 P03A 020 24, that of Norbert Poncin by grant C.U.L./02/010.