Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) Agents: Quantum Chemistry and MRI |
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| Authors: | Jikun Li Xinxin Feng Wei Zhu Nikita Oskolkov Tianhui Zhou Boo Kyung Kim Noman Baig Prof Michael T McMahon Prof Eric Oldfield |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 600 South Mathews Urbana, IL 61801 (USA);2. The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 991 N. Broadway Baltimore, Maryland 21287 (USA);3. F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 707 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21287 (USA) |
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| Abstract: | Diamagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) contrast agents offer an alternative to Gd3+‐based contrast agents for MRI. They are characterized by containing protons that can rapidly exchange with water and it is advantageous to have these protons resonate in a spectral window that is far removed from water. Herein, we report the first results of DFT calculations of the 1H nuclear magnetic shieldings in 41 CEST agents, finding that the experimental shifts can be well predicted (R2=0.882). We tested a subset of compounds with the best MRI properties for toxicity and for activity as uncouplers, then obtained mice kidney CEST MRI images for three of the most promising leads finding 16 (2,4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid) to be one of the most promising CEST MRI contrast agents to date. Overall, the results are of interest since they show that 1H NMR shifts for CEST agents—charged species—can be well predicted, and that several leads have low toxicity and yield good in vivo MR images. |
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| Keywords: | CEST MRI contrast agents density functional calculations NMR spectroscopy salicylate |
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