| 风沙运动的沙粒带电机理及其影响的研究进展 |
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| 引用本文： | 郑晓静,黄宁,周又和.风沙运动的沙粒带电机理及其影响的研究进展[J].力学进展,2004,34(1):77-86. |
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| 作者姓名： | 郑晓静 黄宁 周又和 |
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| 作者单位： | 兰州大学力学系 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)项目(G2000048702)，国家杰出青年科学基金(10025208)，教育部重点科学技术基金，教育部高校博士点专项基金~~ |
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| 摘 要： | 土壤风蚀以及沙尘暴是人类面临的重大自然环境灾害之一,它直接关系着人类的生存环境和生活质量.许多国家和政府以及科学家们对此一直十分关注并开展了大量研究.由于大气和地表条件的多样性以及地表沙粒的运动与风场作用的相互耦合,导致风沙运动问题研究的复杂性.除此之外,伴随着对风沙运动机理的研究和对沙尘暴的观测,人们发现在风沙跃移运动和沙尘暴中的沙粒带有电荷并形成风沙电场.沙粒的运动不仅导致沙粒带电和风沙电场形成,而且也直接受到沙粒带电和风沙电场的影响.为了弄清风沙电的起因以及揭示其影响规律,研究人员对此进行了野外观测、实验室测量和理论推测等.本文将就这一问题重点介绍有关风沙运动中沙粒带电的机理、风沙电场分布规律、沙粒带电对风沙运动的微宏观物理量以及沙尘暴中沙粒带电对电磁波散射的影响等方面的实验和理论研究的基本概况和进展以及作者等人在此方面的研究工作.主要包含内容有:沙粒带电及其电场的基本实验测量,粒带电对风沙运动的影响,沙尘暴对电磁波衰减的影响研究以及有关风沙起电的机理研究等.
同时,对这一研究领域中目前关注与存在的主要问题给予评述.图6参81
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| 关 键 词： | 风沙电场 沙粒带电机理 宏微观影响 实验测量 理论分析验测量 理论分析 |
Advances in investigation on electrification of wind-blown sands and its effects |
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| ZHENG Xiaojing HUANG Ning ZHOU Youhe
Departhemt of Mechanics,Lanzhou Univeristy,Gansu ,China.Advances in investigation on electrification of wind-blown sands and its effects[J].Advances in Mechanics,2004,34(1):77-86. |
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| Authors: | ZHENG Xiaojing HUANG Ning ZHOU Youhe
Departhemt of Mechanics Lanzhou Univeristy Gansu China |
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| Affiliation: | ZHENG Xiaojing HUANG Ning ZHOU Youhe
Departhemt of Mechanics,Lanzhou Univeristy,Gansu 730000,China |
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| Abstract: | The wind erosion of soil and sandstorms are severe natural disasters for human beings, which have a direct influence on people's living environment and living quality. Many countries and their governments with their scientists have been paid much attention to these problems and done a lot of researches. Various atmospheric and earth surface conditions and the coupling interaction between the movements of wind-blown sand particles and the wind flow lead to complex sand movements. Besides that, it was found that there is an electric charges on wind-blown sand particles and there is an electric field an by charged sand particles. The movements of sand particles not only result in electric charges on sand particles and an electric field, but also are influenced by the charges and the electric field. In order to understand better the electrification of wind-blown sands and reveal its influences, many observations in fields, measurements in laboratories, and analyses in theory have been made. In this paper, we review some recent advances in experimental and theoretical researches as well as the authors' work on the electrification of wind-blown sands, and the electric field generated by wind-sand movements, the effect on micro- and macro-physical quantities of wind-blown sand motions and the effect of charged sand particles in sandstorms on the scattering of electromagnetic waves propagating through the sandstorms, which include some measurement results on the electrification in wind-blown sand flux and its electric field, the effect of electrification of wind-sands on movement of wind-blown sand particles, the scattering of electromagnetic waves propagating in sandstorms with charged sand particles, and some discussions on the mechanism of electrification in wind-blown sand flux. Meanwhile, some main problems that should be taken into account in this research area are also reviewed in this paper. |
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| Keywords: | electric field of wind-blown sands electrification mechanism of moving sands effect on micro- and macro-quantities experimental measurement theoretical analyses |
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