Chemical and Toxicological Investigations of a Previously Unknown Poisonous European Mushroom Tricholoma terreum |
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| Authors: | Xia Yin Dr Tao Feng Prof Jian‐Hua Shang Yun‐Li Zhao Fang Wang Zheng‐Hui Li Ze‐Jun Dong Prof?Dr Xiao‐Dong Luo Prof?Dr Ji‐Kai Liu |
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| Affiliation: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86)?871‐65219934;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 (P.R. China) |
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| Abstract: | The established tradition of consuming and marketing wild mushrooms has focused attention on mycotoxicity, which has become a global issue. In the present study, we describe the toxins found in a previously unknown poisonous European mushroom Tricholoma terreum. Fifteen new triterpenoids terreolides A–F ( 1 – 6 ) and saponaceolides H–P ( 8 – 16 ) were isolated from the fruiting bodies of the toxic mushroom T. terreum. Terreolides A–C ( 1 – 3 ) possessed a unique 5/6/7 trioxaspiroketal system, whereas terreolides D–F ( 4 – 6 ) possessed an unprecedented carbon skeleton. Two abundant compounds in the mushroom, saponaceolide B ( 7 ) and saponaceolide M ( 13 ), displayed acute toxicity, with LD50 values of 88.3 and 63.7 mg kg?1 when administered orally in mice. Both compounds were found to increase serum creatine kinase levels in mice, indicating that T. terreum may be the cause of mushroom poisoning ultimately leading to rhabdomyolysis. |
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| Keywords: | enzymes natural products NMR spectroscopy structure elucidation X‐ray diffraction |
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